Rural access library
The ReCAP Rural Access Library represents an integral part of the Partnership’s knowledge dissemination strategy. You will find knowledge and research generated by ReCAP, AFCAP1 and SEACAP in this library. The library is free to access for anyone interested to find out more about rural access in Africa and Asia; you do not need a password or login.
How to search the Library?
You can use the search engine below to define what outputs or documents you are looking for. You can search by country, theme, subtheme, key words, author, institution, year and by type of document. Please select your search preference from the drop-down menus. You can use more than one search entry to narrow your search. The following aspects will show for your search results: Title, Institution, Theme and sub-theme, Sub-title, Year and Abstract.
Once your search results are displayed, you can download an item by clicking on the Download link in the second column. To see all metadata on the item please click on the Type icon (usually a pdf icon) in the first column.
Review the Rural Access Library Policies.
| Type | Title | Sub Title | Author's institution | Author | Year | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Project Closure Report – Volume 2 of 2 : Annexes | Project Closure Report – Volume 2 of 2 : Annexes | Robert Petts, Kingstone Gongera | 2020 | This is volume 2 of the report “Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia (volume 1)” and contains its annexes. This publication’s annexes include the TEVETA Notification of Tractor Technology Courses Approval, the Comparison of Equipment Items Specified and Delivered, the Asset & Maintenance Management Systems For RDA, NRFA & MOLG, the Towed Grading Briefing (handout), the Project Close Down Action Plan Status, the Detailed Equipment Financial Cost Analyses and the Project Closure Workshop. In all these sections there are useful tables, handouts and presentations. In addition to that, Annex 3: Asset & Maintenance Management Systems For RDA, NRFA & MOLG also describes the challenges which have been identified under the Phase 1 and 2 investigations of the project, illustrated in the first volume of this report, which will influence the implementation plans and programme, and success of the national roll out of the tractor technology methods and good asset management practice. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Project Closure Report – Volume 1 of 2 | Project Closure Report – Volume 1 of 2 | Robert Petts, Kingstone Gongera | 2020 | This report, commissioned by the Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP) for RDA, describes a project that sought to introduce a cost-effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance in Zambia by using agricultural tractor-based technologies, already successful in other Sub-Saharan countries. The project started with a scoping study in 2016, followed by a Phase 1 and a Phase 2. This report illustrates the review of the activities of the Consultant’s team members and local counterparts in the period up until the termination of Phase 2 of the project, to facilitate the main training and demonstration activities in 2019- 20. The Consultants provided remote support between country visits. The progress of the demonstration and training, and related initiatives are described in this report. Moreover, budget and funding arrangements are described as well as the economic considerations linked to this road maintenance approach. Lessons learnt and suggested follow up are also highlighted with special attention to the issues that need to be addressed after the premature cessation of the project because of the Covid-19 pandemics. | |
| Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh | Final Report - Volume 2 | Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP), USA; Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | 2018 | For the effective utilization of available resources, this project aims to develop a prioritisation methodology for the development, upgradation and maintenance of the rural roads by the Bangladeshi authorities (LGED). The main objectives of this study include: 1. development of a methodology on planning and prioritisation of rural roads; 2. development of an application tool (software) to implement the methodology; and 3. production of a user manual and training of 15 professionals to use the tool. This final report provides the details of the planning and prioritisation methodology and discusses the results generated by the application tool for the pilot district. | |
| Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation and Planning and Prioritisation Toolkit for Low Volume Rural Roads in Afghanistan | First Stakeholder Workshop Report | ATR Consulting;PLANET S.A. | Kouri, P.;Jasim-Falher, A. | 2019 | is supporting the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) of the GoIRA by funding a research project entitled ‘Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation and Planning and Prioritisation Toolkit for Low Volume Rural Roads in Afghanistan’ (AFG2159A). The first Stakeholder Workshop was organised on 16th September 2019 in Kabul as part of the required activities of the project implementation. It aimed to (i) inform and familiarise the stakeholders with the project targets and expected outputs, (ii) collect data related to the socio-economic evaluation, (iii) discuss key concepts to be integrated in the planning and prioritisation guideline and (iv) finalise the list of the selected provinces to implement the survey and the toolkit. | |
| Monitoring and Evaluation Guideline | Project Implementation, Rural Mobility and Socio- Economic Impact Assessment | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C.;Addai-Yeboah, A.;Kollie, B. | 2019 | The guideline for monitoring and evaluating interventions on rural road in Liberia has been shaped by the lessons learnt in the rural mobility and socio-economic impact assessment pilot project undertaken in 2018 and presents a practical and modern approach. The new approach has been supported and endorsed by senior decision makers in the Ministry of Public Works (MPW). | |
| Low Volume Roads (LVR) Database | User Manual | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2020 | The Low Volume Roads (LVRs) Database holds data from a wide variety of scientific research into LVRs in one place. It is a web based database that is accessible from PCs, Macs and Android and iOS devices. This database contains data obtained from performance investigation studies and experimental sections on low volume roads in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. The data includes pavement materials, climatic conditions, traffic volume, traffic loading, performance, and other parameters. The data may be used to review and refine existing standards and specifications for low volume roads, and as a source of information for research into low volume roads. | |
| How to use GIS to measure Rural Access for SDG 9.1.1 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2020 | The Rural Access Index (RAI) is a measure of access, developed by the World Bank in 2006. It is now the key rural access indicator for the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has been incorporated as SDG 9.1.1. There is potential to use open source GIS data for population and road location, but the most challenging aspect of the RAI is to define the all-season status of the road network. ReCAP has commissioned research to refine the methodology for assessing SDG 9.1.1 to make it more sustainable, repeatable and consistent by using geospatial data and tools. This paper addresses a method of using ‘Accessibility Factors’ to determine the all-season status of road networks, using GIS tools. These factors are applied to the population and network location layers and substitute the need to measure the road condition, which can be an onerous and expensive process for low income countries. | ||
| Better Rural Transport is Key to Food Security and Zero Hunger | ReCAP Blog | University of Birmingham | Sasidharan, M. | 2017 | This ReCAP Blogpost addresses what changes are needed in rural access and transport infrastructure to contribute to enhanced food security and reduced emissions. | |
| Note sur les Routes Rurales 01: Guide sur l'application des methodes de conception des chaussees pour les routes rurales a faible volume | Premiere edition | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Otto, A.;Reeves, S.;Hine, J.;Musenero, L. | 2020 | Cette note sur les routes rurales (RRN) est destinee aux ingenieurs, gestionnaires de routes et autres praticiens impliques dans la planification et la conception de routes rurales a faible volume dans les pays en developpement et emergents dans les climats tropicaux et subtropicaux. Il est destine a fournir des conseils sur les considerations cles pour l'utilisation de diverses methodes de conception de chaussees pour les routes a faible volume. Le RRN fournit des conseils sur les methodes de conception des chaussees utilisees dans la conception du LVRR, allant des routes en terre au revetement de gravier en passant par les differentes couches de revetement et de revetement de chaussee en pierre naturelle, bitumineuse, a base de ciment et d'argile. Le RRN compile les lecons sur la conception, la construction, la supervision et le suivi d'une gamme de types de chaussees et de revetements etudies dans le cadre du SEACAP au Cambodge, au Laos et au Vietnam; Programmes AFCAP 1 et ReCAP, ainsi que les connaissances compilees a partir de diverses etudes connexes en Afrique australe et en Asie du Sud-Est. | |
| The potential role of mobile phone technology in rural motorcycle and three-wheeler taxi services in Africa | Transaid;Amend | Divall, D.;Kureya, T.;Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Green, C.;Clark, S. | 2020 | Over the last two decades, motorcycle and motorised three-wheeler taxis have become important means of transport in many sub-Saharan African countries, including in rural areas. However, the emerging role of mobile phone technology in improving mobility in rural areas is currently under-explored in the literature. This paper presents the findings of a small-scale research study that was undertaken into the use of mobile phone technology in the context of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxi use, and its potential to improve rural access. Informed by a literature review, the research focuses on four countries: Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Mobile technology linked to the utilisation of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxis is increasing, but ‘ridehailing’ applications (apps) are likely to be limited to urban areas for the foreseeable future due to various disincentives to their use in rural areas. The study identifies several promising innovations that combine the use of motorcycles and three-wheelers with mobile technology to increase rural people’s access to essential services and opportunities. These have the potential to be scaled up or expanded to other countries. | ||
| Adaptation au climat : Gestion des risques et optimisation de la resilience des acces routiers vulnerables en Afrique | Lignes directrice pour l'evaluation des risques et de la vulnerabilite climatiques | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Le Roux, A.;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K.;Roux, M. | 2019 | Dans cette directive, les utilisateurs sont guides tout au long du processus de realisation d'une etude sur les menaces et la vulnerabilite climatiques au niveau national / regional et des projets en appliquant le cadre d'evaluation semi-quantitative des risques et de la vulnerabilite de l'AfCAP. Ce cadre est utilise pour mettre en evidence les zones a haut risque en termes d'impacts climatiques sur les routes d'acces a faible debit. Les resultats d'une telle application sont destines a guider et a soutenir la prise de decision et la priorisation lors de l'adaptation des infrastructures routieres existantes et nouvelles aux impacts du changement climatique. | |
| Adaptation au climat : Gestion des risques et optimisation de la resilience des acces routiers vulnerables en Afrique | Lignes directrices d'adaptation de l'ingenierie | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M. | 2019 | L'AfCAP a initie un projet, a partir d'avril 2016, avec le but de produire des orientations regionales sur le developpement d'un acces rural resilient au climat en Afrique grace a la recherche et au partage des connaissances. Dans cette ligne directrice, les options d'adaptation techniques liees aux divers facteurs de stress climatiques sont presentees. L'importance cruciale d'un drainage efficace et d'un entretien opportun et approprie est soulignee. Les techniques d'adaptation pour gerer les changements attendus de temperature et de precipitations, le vent, l'elevation du niveau de la mer et les evenements extremes plus frequents sont identifiees et discutees. Celles-ci sont specifiquement liees aux routes non pavees, aux routes pavees, aux materiaux de sous-sol, aux terrassements et au drainage a l'interieur et a l'exterieur de la reserve routiere ainsi qu'aux implications possibles pour les activites de construction. Les impacts sur les pratiques de maintenance sont egalement mis en evidence et des orientations sont donnees. | |
| Adaptation au climat : Gestion des risques et optimisation de la resilience des acces routiers vulnerables en Afrique | Manuel d'evaluation visuelle | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Paige-Green, P.; Verhaeghe, B.;Roux, M. | 2019 | Actuellement, dans le but de gestion des routes et de planification de l'entretien et de la rehabilitation, des evaluations visuelles de l'etat du reseau routier sont generalement effectuees regulièrement a des frequences precises. Il est toutefois necessaire d'ajouter a ces informations les elements necessaires aux evaluations de la resilience au climat et a la mise en oeuvre de techniques d'adaptation appropriees pour ameliorer la resilience au climat des infrastructures. Ce manuel decrit la nature et la collecte de ce type de donnees, qui ne font normalement pas partie de la collecte de donnees de routine executees a des fins de gestion des actifs. Cela inclut des questions telles que l'erosion, les sols problematiques, le drainage de la route et de son environnement proche ainsi que de l'exterieur de l’emprise routière, l'instabilite des remblais et des deblais, les questions de construction et les problemes d'entretien. Pour des raisons de commodite et pour minimiser les couts, cette collecte doit etre effectuée lors des evaluations visuelles de routine, par les equipes d'evaluation ou d'autres personnes formees specifiquement a cet effet. | |
| Adaptation au climat : Gestion des risques et optimisation de la resilience des acces routiers vulnerables en Afrique | Manuel d'adaptation au climat | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Head, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Roux, A. le;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K. | 2019 | L'AfCAP a initie un projet, a partir d'avril 2016, avec le but de produire des orientations regionales sur le developpement d'un acces rural resilient au climat en Afrique grace a la recherche et au partage des connaissances. L'etude se concentre sur: (a) la demonstration de procedures d'adaptation techniques et non-techniques appropriees; (b) renforcement durable de la capacite de trois pays partenaires de l'AfCAP; (c) le renforcement durable des capacites des autres pays partenaires de l'AfCAP; et d) adoption et integration dans les pays partenaires de l'AfCAP. Ce manuel couvre une partie du point (a) et contribue aux points (b) et (c) ci-dessus. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase 2 | Project Closure Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR);Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2020 | The study was aimed at identifying, defining and demonstrating appropriate surfacing options as alternatives to the current gravel wearing courses on the steep hill sections of feeder roads in Ghana. A major outcome was a matrix of three alternative surfacing options (i.e. concrete, bituminous and stone setts/cobbles) for comparison with the gravel wearing courses currently used by the Department of Feeder Roads (DFR), Ghana and a scoping report for Phase 2. The three surfacing types and two base/subbase layer materials provided 18 different interventions for feeder roads in Ghana. In addition, various options of erosion control treatments and alternative drainage structures to kerbs were identified and a cost analysis was conducted. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase 2 | Draft Guideline for construction of alternative surfacing on steep hills of low-volume roads | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR);Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2020 | Steep slopes (gradients in excess of 12%) on low-volume (feeder) roads are at high risk of slope failure, erosion and drainage-related problems that ultimately affect the rural communities in respect of traffic delays, safety, damage to natural resources, and access to social and economic activities. To address these problems, AfCAP commissioned a two-phased study research project in 2016 to investigate suitability of five alternative surfacing materials. This Guideline was developed based on outputs of the project. The purpose of the Guideline is to present step-by-step procedures and specifications for the construction of three different concrete surfacing materials (i.e. thin mesh-reinforced concrete, roller-compacted concrete and non-reinforced concrete), cold mix asphalt and modular surfacing units comprising concrete block paving, concrete stone pitching and hand-packed / cobble stones. The guidelines are to be used as the basis for the preparation of tender documents where applicable, and training of researchers, engineers, supervisors and contractors. The use of labour-based methods and light equipment for construction is the primary philosophy that was used to develop these guidelines. | |
| Low Volume Rural Roads Planning and Prioritisation | Prototype Model and Instructions Manual / User Guide | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | 2020 | The Planning and Prioritisation Toolkit for Low Volune Rural Roads (LVRR) is a user friendly web-based application, intended to assist the officials of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA) and Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD), more specifically, as methodological tool for planning and prioritising the development and maintenance of the country’s low volume rural roads (tertiary roads). | |
| Low Volume Rural Roads Planning and Prioritisation | Guideline | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | 2020 | The main objective of the Guideline is to capture best international practice in all aspects of LVRR planning and prioritisation and adjust them to the needs of Afghanistan. It provides guidance to users to ensure that well-considered decisions are made. The present Guideline presents a major departure from traditional practice in all aspects of LVRR provision by examining procedures, practices and methods used in planning, appraisal and prioritisation. The Guideline also promotes the use of a holistic approach to LVRR’s planning and prioritisation which recognises that, after having been weighted, certain criteria need to be satisfied in the different and often interacting dimensions of road planning and prioritisation. | |
| ReCAP Final Virtual Event Programme | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2020 | |||
| Multi-criteria systems-based benefits assessment framework for transport research projects | Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA);Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Fekpe, E.;Amuzu, M.;Ackaah, W.;Afukaar, F.;Acquah, J.;Addai-Yeboah, A. | 2020 | Benefits assessment of investments in research projects is increasingly becoming important to funding agencies and stakeholders in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of funded projects and to provide guidance for future project appraisal and selection. This paper describes the development of a multiâ€criteria benefits assessment framework that is based on systems approach and developed using empirical data from rural road improvement projects funded by the UKAid. The framework is a scoring system where the outputs are presented as a report card or scorecard with scores and ratings assigned to the various subsystems. The scores represent the levels of benefits derived from conducting the research and implementation of products generated thereof. The framework is flexible enough to estimate the benefits for each subsystem independent of the other subsystems. The system can also be used as a decision support tool, providing quantitative information to validate funding and management decisions. | ||
| Development and Pilot-Implementation of Distance Learning Modules on Rural Road Infrastructure and Transport Services Related Topics | Final Report | University of Birmingham | Burrow, M.;Ghataora, G.;Hughes, D.;Turner, M.;Wells, I.;Bollins, J.;Ngezahayo, E. | 2020 | The University of Birmingham commenced the Development and Pilot-Implementation of Distance Learning Modules on Rural Road Infrastructure and Transport Services related topics project in October 2019. The project developed two pilot modules in Proficiency testing schemes and Climate resilience and adaptation of rural roads. The final report summarises the progress made in designing and delivering the two online courses, presents an assessment of participant feedback and makes recommendations for the future delivery of the two courses. The main tasks completed during the final phase of the project have been the delivery of the two pilot on-line courses, engaging with two partner institutions (Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Ethiopia and Bangladesh University of Engineering Technology), and undertaking an evaluation of the pilot courses. | |
| Development and Pilot-Implementation of Distance Learning Modules on Rural Road Infrastructure and Transport Services Related Topics | Inception Report | University of Birmingham | Burrow, M.;Ghataora, G.;Hughes, D.;Sasidharan, M. | 2019 | The University of Birmingham commenced the Development and Pilot-Implementation of Distance Learning Modules on Rural Road Infrastructure and Transport Services related topics topic in October 2019. The project seeks to develop two modules. This Inception Report is the first deliverable and identifies updates to the methodology and information collated since the award of the contract. The main tasks completed in this period are the selection of the Learning Management System (LMS), namely FutureLearn, a delivery style (Massive Open Online Course), the development of the learning objectives for the two courses, an expanded outline for each course, a set of criteria for partner institution selection and the course evaluation methodology. | |
| Lignes directrices pour les professionnels de la gestion du patrimoine d'infrastructures routières | Civil Design Solutions | Civil Design Solutions | 2020 | L'Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) a fourni une assistance technique pour favoriser l'amélioration des performances de gestion des actifs dans certaines agences de routes rurales dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Les quatre pays participants sont la Zambie, l'Ouganda, la Sierra Leone et la province du Cap-Occidental en Afrique du Sud. Le projet a encouragé un changement d'approche des agences de routes rurales en ce qui concerne la gestion de leurs réseaux routiers ; il a encouragé une approche holistique, dans laquelle les agences routières considèrent les six éléments constitutifs de la pyramide de préservation des routes. Sur la base du projet, des directives destinées aux praticiens ont été élaborées pour une gestion efficace des actifs des routes rurales. Les lignes directrices comprennent des outils d'évaluation des performances et de gestion qui ont été développés et testés sur le terrain. | ||
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Project Closure Report | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2020 | This has been an AfCAP supported capacity building project in Zambia that sought to introduce a cost-effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using agricultural tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the SSA region. This project verifies the applicability of these approaches for the Zambian unpaved road network and demonstrates that the adoption of these methods could reduce road maintenance costs by more than 50%. This report describes the review of the activities of the Consultant's team members and local counterparts in the period up until the termination of Phase 2 of the project. | |
| Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation and Planning and Prioritisation Toolkit for Low Volume Rural Roads in Afghanistan | Progress Report 2 | PLANET SA;ATR Consulting | Kouri, P.;Katsochis, D.;Papoutsis, D.;Durk Langeraar, W.;Tsonidis, L. | 2020 | Afghanistan has approximately 120,000 km of roads comprised of different categories. A total of 76,000 km of these roads are rural access roads (also known as “village access roads" or “tertiary roads"), which are broadly comparable to Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR). This project (AFG2159A) has two components: the first component involves an analysis of the socio-economic impact evaluation of rural roads in Afghanistan; and the second component involves the design and development of a planning and prioritisation toolkit. This document is the second progress report on the effort made so far (June 2020) on the second component, the development of a planning and prioritisation toolkit. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Status Report | Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology | Sakyi, V.;Adams, C. | 2020 | This Status Report outlines the progress to date made in the execution of the activities and deliverables captured in the two-month extension period from the 20th of September to the 30th of November 2020. It summarizes the set-up preparatory activities for the formal take-off and effective blended online facilitation for the Master of Transport Leadership course and academic progress made in launching the MSc in Transport Leadership (MTL) in January 2021 and discusses various options for delivering this course. | |
| Raters' Guideline for Visual Assessment of Road Pavements | Part E: Unpaved Roads | Civil Design Solutions | Pinard, M.;Geddes, R. | 2020 | Visual assessments of road condition are used to determine Visual Condition Indices, determine maintenance and rehabilitation needs, and prioritise projects in a decision support system. Visual Condition indices are, in turn, used to monitor the changing condition of roads over time. Therefore, the data that are recorded during the visual assessment must be collected in a systematic, repeatable and consistent manner. This can be achieved by using the guidance provided in this document. The suite of Raters' Guidelines comprises five parts. Part A provides general guidance on assessing the degree and extent of defects, field assessment procedures and quality assurance. Parts B to E provide detailed descriptions of the various distress types and guidance on assessing the degree of distress for Flexible Pavements, Concrete Pavements, Block Pavements and Unpaved Roads. This document concerns Part E. | |
| Raters' Guideline for Visual Assessment of Road Pavements | Part D: Block Pavements | Civil Design Solutions | Pinard, M.;Geddes, R. | 2020 | Visual assessments of road condition are used to determine Visual Condition Indices, determine maintenance and rehabilitation needs; and prioritise projects in a decision support system. Visual Condition indices are, in turn used to monitor the changing condition of roads over time. Therefore, the data that are recorded during the visual assessment must be collected in a systematic, repeatable, and consistent manner. This can be achieved by using the guidance provided in this document. The suite of Raters' Guidelines comprises five parts. Part A provides general guidance on assessing the degree and extent of defects, field assessment procedures and quality assurance. Parts B to E provide detailed descriptions of the various distress types and guidance on assessing the degree of distress for Flexible Pavements, Concrete Pavements, Block Pavements and Unpaved Roads. This document concerns Part D. | |
| Raters' Guideline for Visual Assessment of Road Pavements | Part C: Concrete Pavements | Civil Design Solutions | Pinard, M.;Geddes, R. | 2020 | Visual assessments of road condition are used to determine Visual Condition Indices, determine maintenance and rehabilitation needs; and prioritise projects in a decision support system. Visual Condition indices are, in turn used to monitor the changing condition of roads over time. Therefore, the data that are recorded during the visual assessment must be collected in a systematic, repeatable and consistent manner. This can be achieved by using the guidance provided in this document. The suite of Raters' Guidelines comprises five parts. Part A provides general guidance on assessing the degree and extent of defects, field assessment procedures and quality assurance. Parts B to E provide detailed descriptions of the various distress types and guidance on assessing the degree of distress for Flexible Pavements, Concrete Pavements, Block Pavements and Unpaved Roads. This document concerns Part C. | |
| Raters' Guideline for Visual Assessment of Road Pavements | Part B: Flexible Pavements | Civil Design Solutions | Pinard, M.;Geddes, R. | 2020 | Visual assessments of road conditions are used to determine Visual Condition Indices for various purposes. These include assessing maintenance and rehabilitation needs, prioritisation of projects in a decision support system, or for research purposes. Visual Condition indices are, in turn, used to monitor the changing condition of roads over time for maintenance management or research purposes. Therefore, the data that are recorded during the visual assessment must be collected in a systematic, repeatable, and consistent manner. This can be achieved by using the guidance provided in this document. The suite of Raters' Guidelines comprises five parts. Part A provides general guidance on assessing the degree and extent of defects, field assessment procedures and quality assurance. Parts B to E provide detailed descriptions of the various distress types and guidance on assessing the degree of distress for Flexible Pavements, Concrete Pavements, Block Pavements and Unpaved Roads. This document concerns Part B. | |
| Raters' Guideline for Visual Assessment of Road Pavements | Part A: General | Civil Design Solutions | Pinard, M.;Geddes, R. | 2020 | Visual assessments of road condition are used to determine Visual Condition Indices, determine maintenance and rehabilitation needs; and prioritise projects in a decision support system. Visual Condition indices are, in turn used to monitor the changing condition of roads over time. Therefore, the data that are recorded during the visual assessment must be collected in a systematic, repeatable and consistent manner. This can be achieved by using the guidance provided in this document. The suite of Raters' Guidelines comprises five parts. Part A (this document) provides general guidance on assessing the degree and extent of defects, field assessment procedures and quality assurance. Parts B to E provide detailed descriptions of the various distress types and guidance on assessing the degree of distress for Flexible Pavements, Concrete Pavements, Block Pavements and Unpaved Roads. | |
| Guideline for Planning, Design and Monitoring of Experimental Road Sections to Measure Long-Term Pavement Performance | Civil Design Solutions | Paige-Green, P.;Pinard, M.;Geddes, R. | 2020 | The construction and monitoring of experimental sections is a fundamental aspect of road research. Such sections can be designed to demonstrate and verify different options in design, material utilisation and construction methods, particularly for low volume roads. Invaluable lessons can be learnt from the monitoring of such sections which can be used to modify national standards in order to provide an appropriate and economical level of service to road users. Each experiment must have a specific objective. Different types of experiment have different impacts on the overall road performance and need to be monitored appropriately to determine the impact of the experimental factor. Monitoring data must be collected in a systematic and accurate manner covering wet and dry seasons and over a substantial time period. Analysis of the data must be carried out to determine the causes of defects and failures where these have occurred, and which solutions perform well and can be implemented on a larger scale. | ||
| Research background to the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Tshwane University of Technology;MyCube Asset Management | Paige-Green, P.;Zyl, G. van | 2019 | Widespread implementation of the DCP-DN design method has been promoted internationally over the past decade or so. The method has progressed from a simple determination of the in situ CBR investigation based on DCP-CBR correlations with respective cover requirements to a more sophisticated method using the DCP penetration data directly and omitting any need to use correlations with the CBR. The design catalogues were originally based on extensive studies of existing roads, which have been slightly modified and extended to traffic up to 1 million standard axles. This paper summarises the development of the method, some of the advantages and compares the design structures with other recognised and widely implemented designs. | ||
| Improving the resilience and quality of rural road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use - Phase 2 | LMTR and GIS update report | ICS Engineering and Environment Ltd | Oostenrijk, A. van | 2020 | ReCAP is funding a research study in Uganda with the overall objective to improve the climate resilience and quality of road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use. This report describes the work undertaken in connection with Activity 2, i.e. the further development of the Landslide and Road Reserves Management Toolkit (LRMT), instigated during Phase 1 was and completed during this Phase 2 of the project. The LRMT provides an effective means for the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) to collate and update a landslide dataset for its road network. The LRMT also contains the locations of over 1400 landslides collected from the published literature by other members of the team and a landslide susceptibility map that can be used by UNRA to examine their own landslide locations in the context of national landslide susceptibility. Users can also view the landslide distribution in Google Maps. | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual | Volume 2: Geometric Design and Road Safety | Road Development Agency (RDA), Zambia | Road Development Agency Zambia | 2019 | This Pavement Design Manual for Low Volume Roads, developed with AfCAP support, applies to the design of District and Tertiary Roads in rural areas and lower-order road networks in urban and peri-urban environments in Zambia. The main purpose of the Manual is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic and environmentally sustainable manner when designing unpaved roads or undertaking their upgrading to a paved standard. This file concerns Volume 2: Geometric Design and Road Safety | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual | Volume 1: Pavement Design | Road Development Agency (RDA), Zambia | Road Development Agency Zambia | 2019 | This Pavement Design Manual for Low Volume Roads, developed with AfCAP support, applies to the design of District and Tertiary Roads in rural areas and lower-order road networks in urban and peri-urban environments in Zambia. The main purpose of the Manual is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic and environmentally sustainable manner when designing unpaved roads or undertaking their upgrading to a paved standard. This file concerns Volume 1: Pavement Design. | |
| Identification of hazardous sites and the recommendation of remedial measures on selected rural roads | Final Report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Afukaar, F.;Agyemang, W.;Opoku Agyeman, K. | 2017 | The overall objective of the project is to develop an Accident Blackspot Management System (ABMS) which will form the basis of a coordinated approach to road safety on the rural road network which is the responsibility of the Department of Feeder Roads (DFR), to achieve a reduction in road traffic crashes and casualties. This Main Report details the completion of road crash data collection, development of strip maps and a crash database for the project. It has clearly been demonstrated that the initial list of hazardous locations identified, based merely on crash frequency must be ranked based on the severity score criterion (weighted by crash severity) in order to identify those sites that warrant further in-depth analysis. Detailed analysis to identify the safety problems at these hazardous locations clearly aided the selection of appropriate and cost-effective countermeasures and that the First Year Rate of Return (FYRR) is an effective appraisal method to be used for prioritizing sites for remedial treatment. | |
| Landslide Management Guideline AfCAP | ICS Engineering and Environment Ltd | Hearn, G.;Howell, J.; Hunt, T.;Thapa, K. | 2020 | This Guideline covers the range of landslide hazards that impact the Ugandan road network. This range includes those landslide mechanisms that originate on slopes above and below sections of road, as well as those that are confined to roadside slopes. Guidance on the recognition of landslide hazards is provided, and recommendations are given for route selection, design of cross-section and provisional cutting angles. Options of protection and mitigation are discussed in the context of whether they are relatively low, intermediate or high cost, and guidance is given on the options that populate the low-cost end of the spectrum. Bio-engineering is a particularly important suite of techniques that are described and illustrated in detail. | ||
| Landslide Management Guideline UNRA | ICS Engineering and Environment Ltd | Hearn, G.;Howell, J.; Hunt, T.;Thapa, K. | 2020 | This Guideline covers the range of landslide hazards that impact the Ugandan road network. This range includes those landslide mechanisms that originate on slopes above and below sections of road, as well as those that are confined to roadside slopes. Guidance on the recognition of landslide hazards is provided, and recommendations are given for route selection, design of cross-section and provisional cutting angles. Options of protection and mitigation are discussed in the context of whether they are relatively low, intermediate or high cost, and guidance is given on the options that populate the low-cost end of the spectrum. Bio-engineering is a particularly important suite of techniques that are described and illustrated in detail. | ||
| Investigation of the Suitability of Precast/ Pre-Fabricated Modular Bridges for Rural Roads in Nepal - Pilot Study | Final Stakeholder Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Kominek, M.;Hine, J. | 2020 | This research has focused on defining and developing a new modular system of bridge construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. A modular bridge for Nepal has been designed and two bridges have been constructed, one in Doti district (a hilly area in the far west of Nepal) and one in Parsa district on the flat Terai area of Nepal, to the south west of Kathmandu. This stakeholder workshop was held to assess the progress on the project, disseminate knowledge and explore the potential for future use of the modular bridge technology. The discussions in the workshop confirmed the feasibility of the technology and the potential for the system to become more cost effective as it becomes more established. Recommendations were made to consolidate and advance the modular bridge technology within Nepal. | |
| Investigation of the Suitability of Pre-cast/Pre- Fabricated Modular Bridges for Rural Roads in Nepal - Pilot Study | Bridge 2 Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Kominek, M. | 2020 | This research has focused on defining and developing a new modular system of bridge construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. A modular bridge for Nepal has been designed and is being piloted in two locations, one in Doti district (a hilly area in the far west of Nepal) and one in Parsa district on the flat Terai area of Nepal, to the south west of Kathmandu. This report currently covers the completion of the Golmagad Bridge in Doti, in the hills of the Far West of Nepal. The lessons learned from the Bridge 1 fabrication and assembly seem to have been applied successfully to Bridge 2, and the team are not aware of any issues with the completion of Bridge 2. | |
| Life of the Research for Community Access Partnership | Programme Report 2014-2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | The Life of ReCAP Programme Report highlights achievements and lessons learnt in rural transport research over the six years of ReCAP's operation. It addresses, among other areas, ReCAP's contribution to the three strategic pillars of design and provision of rural road infrastructure, its upkeep and maintenance and the transport services running on it. It also highlights ReCAP's strategy and successes to maximise the value of the research and collaboration to embed and take up research outcomes and ensure rural access features on the agenda of the global sustainable transport discourse. | |
| Rural connectivity and SDGs | Key issues, challenges, and opportunities for developing countries | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2020 | Presentation held at the 13th Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum in November 2020, addressing rural connectivity and the SDGs. The presentation explains the key SDGs goals and indicators relevant to rural access and the work undertaken by the World Bank and ReCAP to improve the methodology of Rural Access Index measurement. | |
| ReCAP Impact Case Study on Bangladesh | Final Impact Study Report | Ernst & Young India | Sunil, S.;Singh, S.;Saxena, A. | 2020 | The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is responsible for the rural roads and transportation infrastructure in Bangladesh, with about 353,000 km of rural roads spanning across the country. ReCAP interventions aimed at improving the rural road and transport infrastructure by carrying out targeted research and building research capacity to bring and sustain change. With an aim to gauge the impact of this research conducted, EY undertook an impact study to capture the value created by ReCAP research projects and how much has it improved the rural road and transport infrastructure through its targeted research and capacity building activities to sustain the change. This Final Report consolidates the relevance, credibility, applicability of the research projects conducted in Bangladesh and further validates that combining quantitative and qualitative methods is a useful strategy to increase confidence in impact evaluation findings. | |
| Instructor's Manual For the competency based curriculum for training motorcycle and tricycle riders (Generic) | With emphasis on Motorcycle Taxi (Boda Boda) Riders | Transaid;Amend;TRL Ltd. | Transaid;Amend;TRL Ltd. | 2019 | This Instructor's Manual for motorcycle taxi rider training was prepared in the framework of the Motorcycle Taxi and Three-wheelers safety project carried out by Transaid, Amend and TRL Ltd in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (RAF2114A). This competency based curriculum is designed for training motorcycle and tricycle (also referred to as three-wheeler) riders with an emphasis on motorcycle taxi (boda boda) riders. | |
| A Manual for Motorcycle and Three-Wheeler Taxi Associations (Generic) | Guidance on Setting-Up an Association and the Association's Responsibilities to its Members | Transaid;Amend;TRL Ltd. | Transaid;Amend;TRL Ltd. | 2019 | This Manual for motorcycle taxi associations was prepared in the framework of the Motorcycle Taxi and Three-wheelers safety project carried out by Transaid, Amend and TRL Ltd in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (RAF2114A). It contains guidance on setting up an association and responsibilities to the association's members. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase 2 | Final Design Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2018 | The AfCAP project on steep hill road sections is investigating the suitability of alternative surfacing on steep gradients of low-volume (feeder) roads in Ghana. This is the final design report, which provides details of the research activities undertaken during the final design stage of the project. The main objective of this report was to finalise the research matrix of alternative surfacings, and to present the final designs, drawings, construction procedures and initial construction costs of all road pavement options to be constructed and monitored on demonstrations sections with steep hill gradients ranging from 12% to 22%. A total of 12 pavement types with five alternative surfacing (stones of approximately 150 mm in size, interlocking block paving, cold mix asphalt, thin mesh-reinforced concrete and roller-compacted concrete) were designed for demonstration purposes. | |
| Development and Updating of Generic DCP-DN Manual and Related AfCAP LVR DCP Software | Final Report | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | The Malawi Design Manual for Low Volume Sealed Roads Using the DCP Design Method that was developed under AfCAP in 2013 is being revised and updated, together with the associated AfCAP LVR DCP v1.03 software, to take account of the latest developments in DCP-DN technology. The objective is to produce a generic, non-country-specific Manual for application in appropriate environments in African and Asian countries. This Final Report presents the overall outcome of the project. | |
| Performance of slope stabilization trials on the road network of Laos | Hearn Georeserve Ltd;Living Resources Ltd; | Hearn, G.;Howell, J.; Hunt, T. | Landslides pose significant hazards on the road network of Laos. These landslides frequently block access and occasionally result in the subsidence or loss of the carriageway. Several slope stabilization trials focusing on the use of bioengineering techniques and low-cost engineering measures were implemented in 2007 and 2008. Heavy rains in 2018 caused numerous landslides on the road network and a review was undertaken of the performance of the slope stabilization trial sites implemented ten years earlier. The outcome has proved very positive overall and vindicates the efforts made to understand the causes and mechanisms of the observed slope failures and the ground conditions that pertained. The outcomes of this research have been used to strengthen practice in Laos, and further afield, and to provide a valuable basis for future practice. | |||
| At the End of the Feeder Road | Upgrading rural footpaths to motorcycle taxi-accessible tracks in Liberia | Swansea University;Wageningen University | Jenkins, J.;Peters, K.;Richards, P. | 2020 | Over the last 20 years, most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have seen a dramatic change in farm-to-market transport following the introduction and spread of motorcycle taxis.What kind of infrastructure development is needed to further support this local revolution in farm transport? Our study uses a technographic frame to describe and assess the socio-economic and technical impact of upgrading inter-village footpaths to render them usable by motorcycle taxis in off-road rural northern Liberia. We gathered pre-intervention baseline data and post-intervention impact data over a three-year period in villages benefitting from the intervention and in control villages. The quantitative data were supplemented with qualitative data gathered prior, during and after the intervention. We found that upgrading rural footpaths to motorcycle taxi accessible tracks promotes market integration, improves access to education and health facilities, and creates jobs for rural youth, with few negative consequences. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six Africa Countries and Myanmar | Workshops Report | Civil Design Solutions | Geddes, R.;Pinard, M. | 2020 | ReCAP provided support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect data pertaining to the performance of existing trial/demonstration road sections. Monitoring of these sections was carried out in accordance with regional guidelines, which were updated under the project. Workshops were held at the end of the project to discuss the findings and outcome of the research, consolidate the project achievements and agree the way forward. Country workshops were held with Kenya, Uganda and Malawi in July 2020 regarding the draft final monitoring reports of each country. A regional workshop was help over two sessions on 18th and 20th August 2020 with ten countries that were involved in LTPP monitoring under ReCAP. | |
| ReCAP Impact Case Study on Ethiopia | Final Impact Study Report | Hitcon Engineering PLC | Demissie, M.;Addisu, A.;Mezgebu, D. | 2020 | The impact case study reported here builds on the works done in phase I (June 2008 to July 2014) to demonstrate the contribution of ReCAP research undertaken since 2014 in Ethiopia in a qualitative and/or quantitative manner and in the wider causal package towards improved rural access in Ethiopia. This impact Study report, apart from assessing the overall performance of the ReCAP supported research works, evaluates the success and contribution of ReCAP programme in bringing the desired impact as well as achieving changes and improved research capacity in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the outcome and the outputs obtained from the research projects for each indicator are reviewed. From the analysis and evaluation of the Impact, outcome and output indicators it is concluded that the achievement obtained is positive and the contribution of ReCAP collaborated research was fruitful. | |
| Low Volume Rural Roads Guideline and Standards | Volume 2: Geometric Design and Road Safety | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | 2020 | This Geometric Design and Road Safety Guideline for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) applies to Tertiary Roads and minor Secondary Roads in Afghanistan. The main purpose of the Guideline is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic and environmentally sustainable manner when undertaking the geometric design of rural roads, including the provision of road safety measures. It retains those aspects of the existing MRRD documents that are relevant to LVRRs and addresses the gaps that have been identified from their evaluation to produce a new self-standing Guideline that will replace the current guidelines. | |
| Low Volume Rural Roads Guideline and Standards | Volume 1: Pavement Design | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | 2020 | This Pavement Design Guideline for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRRs) applies to Tertiary Roads and minor Secondary Roads in Afghanistan. The main purpose of the Guideline is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic and environmentally sustainable manner when planning and designing unpaved roads or undertaking their upgrading to a paved standard. It retains those aspects of the existing MRRD documents that are relevant to LVRRs and addresses the gaps that have been identified from their evaluation to produce a new self-standing Guideline that will replace the current guidelines. | |
| User Manual for the ReCAP LVR DCP Software v1.00 | User Manual | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | The Malawi Design Manual for Low Volume Sealed Roads Using the DCP Design Method that was developed under AfCAP in 2013 has been revised and updated, together with the associated AfCAP LVR DCP software and User Manual, to take account of the latest developments in DCP-DN technology. This has led to the development of a generic manual for the Pavement Design of Low Volume Roads Using the DCP-DN Method (August 2020), as well as an upgraded version of the software – ReCAP LVR DCP v 1.00 and a revised User Manual. This document provides the contents of the new User Manual. | |
| Pavement Design for Low Volume Roads using the DCP-DN Method | Manual | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | UK aid has been at the forefront of supporting research in the design of low volume roads (LVRs) in Africa and Asia to improve rural access to infrastructure and transport services. The research has included the development and enhancement of a method of pavement design for low volume roads (LVRs) based on DN values for materials strength derived with the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The DCP-DN method is an alternative to the more traditional methods of pavement design, which are based on the use of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The purpose of this Manual is to provide guidance on the structural design of gravel and paved roads using the DCP-DN Design Method. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Bi-monthly Progress Report 1 | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2019 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost-effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region. This report, commissioned by AfCAP for the Road Development Agency (RDA), describes the activities of the Consultant’s team members who visited Zambia on three occasions in November and December 2019 to facilitate the preparations for, and start of, the main training and demonstration activities in December 2019. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Phase 1 Workshop Report | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2018 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost- effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region. This report describes final Phase 1 preparatory activities of the Project. This included the intermediate equipment study tour to Pietermaritzburg, RSA to inspect the manufacturer’s premises and witness the demonstration of their heavy towed grader and other tractor based road maintenance equipment. The Phase 1 workshop, held in Lusaka in March 2018 is also documented, with the workshop recommendations. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Project Implementation Plan | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2018 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost- effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the regionThis report describes the recommendations for the planned project implementation of activities (training, maintenance work) and respective operational budget, including appropriate works planning, management, task, productivity, contingency, recording, costing, performance & cost benchmark systems, following the successful completion of the Phase 1 preparatory work. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Curricula Review and Training Report | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2018 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost- effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region and Zambia specifically. This report describes the activities and outcomes of the review of existing training materials and arrangements relevant to the tractor technology road works approaches that the project has been designed for. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Chongwe District Road Inventory and Condition | Clanview Civils;Intech Associates | Gongera, K.;Petts, R. | 2017 | Chongwe District in Zambia has been selected as the location for a Tractor Technology Demonstration and Training Unit (DTU) supported by AfCAP. This report describes the activities in establishing and surveying the current road inventory and network condition in Chongwe district, to be used for benchmarking and planning purposes before implementing the DTU Project operations. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Bi-monthly Progress Report 3 | Clanview Civils;Intech Associates | Gongera, K.;Petts, R. | 2020 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost-effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region. This report for the Zambian Road Development Agency (RDA), describes the activities of the Consultant’s team members and local counterparts in the period until mid-April 2020, to facilitate the main training and demonstration activities in 2020. | |
| Improving the resilience and quality of rural road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use - Phase 2 | Land controls report | ICS Engineering and Environment Ltd | Tabuti, J. | 2020 | The Uganda road network covers 159,366 km of which only 6304 km are paved. In order to expand and maintain the road network there is need to understand the policy, legal and institutional framework governing the use and acquisition of land; the evolution of land use/land cover changes over time; and the human activities undertaken in the Right of Way (ROW) and road corridors, and non-human factors that influence the performance of the road infrastructure. In the framework of this ReCAP project the researchers have investigated these issues by reviewing relevant literature, conducting a field survey and by interviewing some key stakeholders. | |
| Improving the resilience and quality of rural road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use -Phase 2 | GIS report | ICS Engineering and Environment Ltd | Mbuga, R.;Hearn, G. | 2020 | ReCAP is funding a research study in Uganda with the overall objective to improve the climate resilience and quality of road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use. This report addresses the development of a GIS layer of published and known landslide locations along with published landslide susceptibility maps, and comparison of the two. Published landslide susceptibility datasets were reviewed, and maps created from the shapefiles received. Landslide density analyses were performed by overlying the landslide distribution onto the susceptibility maps. With a logical progression in landslide density between five susceptibility classes, the map of Broeckx et al. (2018) was selected for use as a background reference layer in the Landslide and Road Reserve Management Toolkit (LRMT). | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Handover plan | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Jones, S.;Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Hughes, D.;Adams, C.;Kelly, K.;Nnene, O.;Gambiza, P. | 2020 | Under the auspices of the ReCAP Programme, Mott MacDonald, the University of Cape Town and the University of Birmingham commenced implementation of tasks towards the establishment of a Centre for sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) in February 2019. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) was selected to host the CSSTL. This handover plan assumes that funding for ReCAP ends in September 2020 and KNUST will take ownership of quality assuring and delivering the MSc in Transport Leadership (MTL) starting in January 2021 and moving towards the goal of a self-sustainable CSSTL in the medium to long term. | |
| Call for Expressions of Interest (EoI) for hosting the ReCAP Rural Access Library | Addendum No. 1 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Addendum no 1 to call for Expressions of Interest for hosting the Rural Access Library. | |
| Improving Rural Access through ReCAP Research | Lessons from six years of strategic research | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Presentation of the Life of ReCAP Programme Report, delivered during a joint Devex/ReCAP webinar on Thursday 10 September 2020 drawing on six years of strategic research implemented by ReCAP. | |
| Rural Access Index (RAI) / SDG 9.1.1 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2020 | Presentation held at the 6th International UN Conference on Big Data for Official Statistics by TRL on the Rural Access Index consolidation, validation and pilot implementation project. | ||
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | TG3 Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2020 | The overall aims of this ReCAP project were to develop a harmonised approach to measurement of the Rural Access Index (RAI) that is relevant, consistent and sustainable, and which facilitates the implementation of RAI across United Nations (UN) member countries. The project has consolidated existing and proposed approaches to data collection and measurement in collaboration with the World Bank and other stakeholders and presents a refined measurement process designed to minimise inconsistencies in data collection, meet international standards and provide a clear framework for data validation. This report primarily covers Task Group 3 (TG3) of the project. During this phase, a scientific paper was prepared for publication in a relevant journal, focused on how to motivate countries to measure RAI. A Roadmap and Policy Guide document were also completed. | |
| Guidelines on the Planning, Design and Implementation of Rural Transport | Integrating Access Infrastructure and Transport Services Provision | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2020 | These guidelines are provided to assist rural road authorities and the agencies with responsibility for rural roads to collaborate with the departments charged with regulating transport services and local authorities in order to provide and maintain roads fit-for-purpose for the prevailing transport services. The guidelines derive from the ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' project funded by UK Aid, which examined how investments in low-volume rural road (LVRR) construction (provision) and maintenance (preservation) affect rural transport services (RTS). | |
| Investigation of the Suitability of Pre-cast/Prefabricated Modular Bridges for Rural Roads in Nepal – Pilot Study | Final Report and Cost Benefit Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Kominek, M.;Hine, J. | 2020 | This research has focused on defining and developing a new modular system of bridge construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. The motivation for this project came from the Department of Local Infrastructure and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR), (now called the Department of Local Infrastructure [DoLI) with their need to expeditiously construct up to 2,000 new high-quality bridges and to support the expansion of the rural road network. A modular bridge for Nepal has been designed and has been trialled in two locations, one in Doti district (a hilly area in the far west of Nepal) and one in Parsa district on the flat Terai area of Nepal, to the south west of Kathmandu. This report sets out the main conclusions from the project and makes some recommendations for future use of modular bridge technology in Nepal. | |
| Call for Expressions of Interest (EoI) for hosting the ReCAP Rural Access Library | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | With this call for Expressions of Interest, ReCAP commences the process of selecting a future host for the RAL. A future host would preferably be an institution that can carry forward the management and maintenance of the repository at its own cost or through other means of financial support, keeping it open - free of charge - to researchers and practitioners globally as a key reference point on rural road infrastructure and transport research. | ||
| Development and Updating of Generic DCP-DN Manual and Related AfCAP LVR DCP Software | Inception Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | The Malawi Design Manual for Low Volume Sealed Roads Using the DCP Design Method that was developed under AfCAP in 2013 is being revised and updated, together with the associated AfCAP LVR DCP software, to take account of the latest developments in DCP-DN technology. The objective is to produce a generic, non-country-specific manual for application in appropriate environments in African and Asian countries. This Inception Report presents the outcome of a desk study and literature review of various projects, studies and reports that are relevant to the revised DCP-DN Manual and includes a draft Table of Contents and snag-list of issues to be addressed in the updated design software. | |
| Development of a Rural Road Note (RRN) on Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads | Final Project Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Rolt, J. | 2020 | Pavement design is a major part of the road provision process and has a major impact on the cost of low volume rural roads. There are six popular pavement design methods available for the design of low volume rural roads. However, the selection of which method to apply under which conditions has not been addressed in these manuals. To this, end a Rural Road Note 01: A Guide on the Application of Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads was developed. The development process included stakeholder consultation, scoping, drafting, reviews, publishing and dissemination. A Stakeholder Working Group (SWG) and the ReCAP Technical Panel (TP) worked closely with the authors. Finally, the RRN was reviewed by an Independent Technical Reviewer. This report presents the process undertaken in the development of the Rural Road Note. The project was completed successfully. | |
| Development of a Rural Road Note (RRN) on Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads | Training-of-Trainers Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2020 | Through a process of stakeholder consultation, review of design documents and literature, drafting, Stakeholder Working Group review workshops, and technical reviews, the Rural Road Note 01: A Guide on the Application of Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads was developed under a ReCAP funded project. To ensure uptake and embedment, a Training of Trainers was conducted for participants from the 17 ReCAP partner countries. Feedback from the participants indicated that the training provided good technical knowledge, was useful, and interesting. | |
| Development of Low Volume Road Design Manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | Third Workshop Report | Civil Design Solutions | Geddes, R.;Goldie-Scott, H. | 2019 | ReCAP is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) for Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. The new manuals draw on similar documents developed in other ReCAP participating countries and existing material available in the participating countries. The third workshops were held in Liberia and Sierra Leone in May 2019, and in Ghana in July 2019, with the purpose of launching the LVR manuals. | |
| Alternative surfacings for low volume roads in Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia | Training Report | Aurecon | Hartman, A. | 2019 | This project investigated alternative surfacing technologies for use on low volume gravel surfaced roads in Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia. The focus was on identifying, investigating, adapting and implementing existing technologies which are fit for purpose. This training report provides the outcomes of the training workshops held on the 4th of February 2019 in Sierra Leone, 17th September 2019 in Ghana and 27th November 2019 in Liberia. The report provides details of the following: Synopsis of the subject matter presented at the workshops, and evaluation of the feedback received at the workshops. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part D - Design of Low Volume Road Surfacings | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | 2018 | The aim of this AfCAP study was to recommend alternative surfacing technologies that may be viable for low volume roads in terms of lifecycle cost savings compared to traditional gravel surfacing in AfCAP countries in the West African Sub Region. This part constitutes Part D of the Manual for Low Volume Roads on design specifications for low volume road surfacings in Sierra Leone. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part D - Design of Low Volume Road Surfacings | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | 2018 | The aim of this AfCAP study was to recommend alternative surfacing technologies that may be viable for low volume roads in terms of lifecycle cost savings compared to traditional gravel surfacing in AfCAP countries in the West African Sub Region. This part constitutes Part D of the Manual for Low Volume Roads on the design specifications for low volume road surfacings in Liberia. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part D - Design of Low Volume Road Surfacings | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | Department for Feeder Roads | 2019 | The aim of this AfCAP study was to recommend alternative surfacing technologies that may be viable for low volume roads in terms of lifecycle cost savings compared to traditional gravel surfacing in AfCAP countries in the West African Sub Region. This part constitutes Part D of the Manual for Low Volume Roads on the design specifications for low volume road surfacings in Ghana. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Final Workshop Report | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C.;Addai-Yeboah, A. | 2019 | The Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio- economic impacts of rural road improvement projects.The project is sponsored by theDFID funded Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) and is being undertaken by the University of Birmingham using the Liberian Swedish Feeder Roads Project (LSFRP), funded by the Swedish Government, as a pilot case study. This report covers the train-the-trainer workshop held in Monrovia from 9 to 12July 2019. The report summarises the proceedings of a highly interactive and practical workshop on the online M&E Database management. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Webinar Two Report | University of Birmingham | Burrow, M.;Sasidharan, M. | 2020 | The Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio- economic impacts of rural road improvement projects.The project is sponsored by theDFID funded Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) and is being undertaken by the University of Birmingham using the Liberian Swedish Feeder Roads Project (LSFRP), funded by the Swedish Government, as a pilot case study. This report covers the second in a series of four webinars, delivered on 13February, 2020. Participants were shown how to create and edit road projects and how to show these on the M&E's GIS system. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Webinar One Report | University of Birmingham | Burrow, M.;Sasidharan, M. | 2019 | The Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio- economic impacts of rural road improvement projects.The project is sponsored by theDFID funded Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) and is being undertaken by the University of Birmingham using the Liberian Swedish Feeder Roads Project (LSFRP), funded by the Swedish Government, as a pilot case study. This report covers a webinar delivered on 21 November 2019. Participants were provided with an overview of the capabilities of the system as well as the salient issues pertaining to conducting data collection exercises in the fields. It was agreed to hold two further webinars demonstrating a case study based on actual projects but using simulated data. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Final Report | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C.;Addai-Yeboah, A. | 2019 | To this end, the Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is working towards the establishment of a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio-economic impacts of rural road improvement projects. The system is being established with the assistance of ReCAP using the Liberian Swedish Feeder Roads Project (LSFRP) funded by the Swedish Government as a case pilot study under a consultancy agreement with the University of Birmingham. This Final Report presents the outcomes of the study and gives guidelines on conducting socio-economic impact baseline and follow up studies on rural road projects in Liberia. Key issues arising from the study include the need to focus on creating synergies amongst ministries, agencies and projects that are active in the rural roads sector to enable the effective sharing of resources and data required to build the M&E System. The Road Fund is seen as key to ensuring sustainability of the system through providing funds for revamping MPW's IT system in the short term, and funding data collection activities in the future. | |
| Facilitation Services for Consultation on Motorcycles Operations in Ghana | Final Report | BRRI | Afukaar, F.;Damsere-Derry, J. | 2019 | Motorcycle and tricycle taxis have, in recent years, become an important public transport service option in Ghana. Nonetheless, the road traffic regulations (LI 2180) in the country forbid the use of Powered Two- or Three-Wheelers (PTWs) to offer fare-paying passenger services. The Ministry of Transport (MoT) is reviewing the transport regulations including the Legislative Instrument (LI) 2180, which proscribes the use of PTWs for fare-paying passenger services. Consequently, a nationwide consultation was commissioned to elicit perspectives of all transport stakeholders from the ten previous regional capitals on the current legislation, which bans the use of PTWs to offer fare-paying passenger services. It was unequivocally established that participants wanted the current legislation to be revised to enable PTWs to offer fare-paying passenger services. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase 2 | Economic Analysis Report | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2020 | CSIR and BRRI Ghana have undertaken the second phase of a study on alternative surfacing for steep slopes on low-volume (feeder) roads in Ghana. This economic analysis has identified some key socio-economic indicators of Akwesiho, Twenedurase, and Akokobenum Nsuo communities. The potential benefits from the project link road between Akwesiho and Twenedurase have been discussed. Residents appreciated the link road would uplift the commercial status of the two villages significantly, and among others, generate employment for the indigenes. An initial construction cost assessment was made for all the pavement options being demonstrated on the project road. Based on whole life-cycle cost analysis, the three concrete surfacing options (i.e. roller-compacted concrete, thin mesh-reinforced concrete, and interlocking concrete bloc paving) were comparable and ranked the lowest costs. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase 2 | Construction Progress Report | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2018 | CSIR and BRRI Ghana are undertaking the second phase of a study on alternative surfacing for steep slopes on low-volume (feeder) roads in Ghana.This is the first construction progress report on the “Alternative surfacing for steep hill sections in Ghana. The main objective of this report is to present progress on activities that were undertaken after the final design stage of the project including the outcomes project meetings and site visits. In addition, the report highlights series of meetings held in relation to matters to pave way for the construction of the demonstration pavement structures. A detailed schedule of construction activities, and planned resources for construction of five demonstration sections and one control section are highlighted. The schedule and timelines for various tasks/activities were prepared based on discussions between the project team and Contractor. | |
| Unlocking the socio-economic potential of rural Ghana through policy interventions for rural transport services | Policy Brief | BRRI;Swansea University | Afukaar, F.;Damsere-Derry, J.;Peters, K. | 2017 | This policy brief provides key recommendations emanating from research aimed at better understanding and measuring the adequacy of rural transport services for meeting the access needs of rural people in Ghana. In this research, three rural roads were selected for the study. Based on the rural transport diagnostic study conducted, it is evident that motorcycles (taxis) and tricycles provide crucial commercial transport services to facilitate rural agriculture, trade, and access to health services in the rural communities. It is recommended that the Road Traffic Regulations (LI 2180) be revised to allow motorcycles and tricycles to offer commercial passenger transport services in rural areas within a regulatory framework that addresses driver training, road safety and enforcement of vehicle loading capacities. | |
| Influencing Rural Transport Policy and Practice through Applied Research | A ReCAP Perspective | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N. | 2020 | Presentation held at the ADB Transport Forum held on 24-28 August 2020, addressing an overview of the ReCAP programme and providing key recommendations to ADB for uptake and embedment of rural transport research. | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual | Volume 2: Geometric Design and Road Safety | Ministry of Transport and Public Works, Republic of Malawi | Roads Authority | 2020 | This Design Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the pavement design of District, Community and Private roads in rural areas and lower-order road and street networks in urban environments in Malawi. The main purpose of the Manual is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic and environmentally sustainable manner when designing unpaved roads or undertaking their upgrading to a paved standard. The Manual takes account of best practice developments in low volume roads technology that have evolved both regionally and internationally in the past few decades. This part constitutes Volume 2 on Geometric design for rural and urban roads and road safety. | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual | Volume 1: Pavement Design | Ministry of Transport and Public Works, Republic of Malawi | Roads Authority | 2020 | This Design Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the pavement design of District, Community and Private roads in rural areas and lower-order road and street networks in urban environments in Malawi. The main purpose of the Manual is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic and environmentally sustainable manner when designing unpaved roads or undertaking their upgrading to a paved standard. The Manual takes account of best practice developments in low volume roads technology that have evolved both regionally and internationally in the past few decades. This part constitutes Volume 1 on Pavement Design. | |
| Impact of First Mile Access Improvements on Small-Scale Farming in Kenya and Tanzania | TRL Ltd.;IFRTD | Workman, R.;Hine, J.;Otto, A.;Bezuidenhout, W.;Njenga, P. | 2020 | The “First Mile” is a reference to the primary segment of transport that includes the first stage in the movement of goods and services in rural areas. In this research the First Mile links farmers from their farm to the nearest produce collection or consolidation point, or local market. The road infrastructure in this first transport segment in many low income countries often consists of earthen access roads or tracks that are inaccessible to four wheeled vehicles. Means of transport on the first mile vary from human porterage, animal carts, bicycles and motorcycles, to tractors, pickups and small trucks. The transport used is frequently a function of the type and condition of the road. The dynamics of transport on the first mile and the effect it has on farmers' livelihoods and ultimately on poverty, is not well understood. This research aimed to explore this aspect of the transport chain and make recommendations for practical application and policy consideration. | ||
| Development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan | 1st Stakeholder Workshop Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | The development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan has been identified as a priority project by the country's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD). The main goal of the project is to reduce poverty in rural areas by facilitating improved access to economic and social services for rural communities. This 1st Stakeholder Workshop Report presents the outcome of the discussions held, and agreements reached, at the workshop. | |
| Development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan | Interim Progress Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | The development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan has been identified as a priority project by the country's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD). The main goal of the project is to reduce poverty in rural areas by facilitating improved access to economic and social services for rural communities. This Interim Progress Report outlines progress against expected milestones, any changes to the planned activities and work plan and risks and challenges to the project. | |
| Rural transport services: operational characteristics and options for improvement | Phase 3 Report | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P.;Hine, J. | 2020 | The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' project has examined how investments in low-volume rural road (LVRR) construction and maintenance affect rural transport services (RTS). This report draws on a literature review and consultations with transport users and operators, transport associations and regulatory authorities in several countries. It examines the current operational features of rural transport services and their regulatory environment. It considers whether subsidies for RTS are realistic in low-income countries and also discusses ways in which RTS can be improved. | |
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision | Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Stakkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2020 | The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' project has been examining how investments in low-volume rural road (LVRR) construction (provision) and maintenance (preservation) affect rural transport services (RTS). This report discusses the practical implications of the survey results as well as findings concerning possible options to improve RTS. Improvements in RTS are most likely to be achieved through district level participatory initiatives to introduce ways of consolidating passenger numbers, sharing routes and working to timetables. It is recommended that road agencies and transport services agencies collaborate (or integrate). | |
| Investigation of the Suitability of Pre-cast/Pre- Fabricated Modular Bridges for Rural Roads in Nepal – Pilot Study | Stakeholder Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Kominek, M. | 2017 | This research will focus on defining and developing a new modular system of bridge construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. There is a need to provide all-weather access to remote areas in Nepal, and bridges are a key component of this. The motivation for this project came from DoLIDAR with their need to construct up to 2,000 new bridges to support the expansion of the rural road network. At present they use mainly reinforced in-situ concrete bridges, which are slow to construct and pose particular challenges with quality control and transport of materials, especially in hilly areas. The ultimate goal of the research project is to formulate a bridge construction approach for spans of 25m to 40m, built by assembling smaller pre-manufactured units that can be handled with small hauling and lifting devices. A number of designs have been identified for Nepal, but the local bridge site and prevailing conditions will determine which is used. The workshop was able to agree the outline designs and a methodology for moving forwards. | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Design Manual | Annexes | Ministry of Construction, Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Department of Rural Road Development | 2020 | This design manual for Low Volume Rural Roads has been developed under the Asia Community Access Parternship (ReCAP). The purpose of the Manual is to serve as a nationally recognised document, the application of which is deemed to serve as a standard reference and ready source of good practice for the planning, investigation, design and construction of low volume rural roads (LVRR)s in Myanmar. This Design Manual provides practical guidance to roads practitioners responsible for the design of low traffic earth, gravel or paved roads throughout Myanmar. The Manual has been drafted to be fully adaptable for use by different stakeholders, at national, state, township and local level administered by authorities, enterprises or communities. This part constitutes the Annexes to the LVRR Manual. | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Design Manual | Section C: Implementation | Ministry of Construction, Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Department of Rural Road Development | 2020 | This design manual for Low Volume Rural Roads has been developed under the Asia Community Access Parternship (ReCAP). The purpose of the Manual is to serve as a nationally recognised document, the application of which is deemed to serve as a standard reference and ready source of good practice for the planning, investigation, design and construction of low volume rural roads (LVRR)s in Myanmar. This Design Manual provides practical guidance to roads practitioners responsible for the design of low traffic earth, gravel or paved roads throughout Myanmar. The Manual has been drafted to be fully adaptable for use by different stakeholders, at national, state, township and local level administered by authorities, enterprises or communities. This part constitutes Section C on Implementation (Chapters 12 to 14). | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Design Manual | Section B: Design | Ministry of Construction, Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Department of Rural Road Development | 2020 | This design manual for Low Volume Rural Roads has been developed under the Asia Community Access Parternship (ReCAP). The purpose of the Manual is to serve as a nationally recognised document, the application of which is deemed to serve as a standard reference and ready source of good practice for the planning, investigation, design and construction of low volume rural roads (LVRR)s in Myanmar. This Design Manual provides practical guidance to roads practitioners responsible for the design of low traffic earth, gravel or paved roads throughout Myanmar. The Manual has been drafted to be fully adaptable for use by different stakeholders, at national, state, township and local level administered by authorities, enterprises or communities. This part constitutes Section B on Design (Chapters 5 to 11). | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Design Manual | Section A: Key Principles | Ministry of Construction, Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Department of Rural Road Development | 2020 | This design manual for Low Volume Rural Roads has been developed under the Asia Community Access Parternship (ReCAP). The purpose of the Manual is to serve as a nationally recognised document, the application of which is deemed to serve as a standard reference and ready source of good practice for the planning, investigation, design and construction of low volume rural roads (LVRR)s in Myanmar. This Design Manual provides practical guidance to roads practitioners responsible for the design of low traffic earth, gravel or paved roads throughout Myanmar. The Manual has been drafted to be fully adaptable for use by different stakeholders, at national, state, township and local level administered by authorities, enterprises or communities. This part constitutes Section A on key principles (Chapters 1 to 4). | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Design Manual | Introduction | Ministry of Construction, Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Department of Rural Road Development | 2020 | This design manual for Low Volume Rural Roads has been developed under the Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP). The purpose of the Manual is to serve as a nationally recognised document, the application of which is deemed to serve as a standard reference and ready source of good practice for the planning, investigation, design and construction of low volume rural roads (LVRR)s in Myanmar. This Design Manual provides practical guidance to roads practitioners responsible for the design of low traffic earth, gravel or paved roads throughout Myanmar. The Manual has been drafted to be fully adaptable for use by different stakeholders, at national, state, township and local level administered by authorities, enterprises or communities. This part constitutes the Introduction to the LVRR Manual. | |
| Élaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la mise en place d'une capacité de recherche durable sur les routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en RD Congo | Annexe 1 au Rapport Final | SMEC Kenya Pty Ltd | Ndolo, P. | 2018 | Dans ce cadre, l'AfCAP a confié au Consultant ‘'SMEC'' le projet d'Elaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la Mise en Place d'une Capacité de Recherche Durable sur les Routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en République Démocratique du Congo. Le présent volume constitue Annexe 1 au Rapport Final. | |
| Élaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la mise en place d'une capacité de recherche durable sur les routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en RD Congo | Annex 2 au Rapport Final | SMEC Kenya Pty Ltd | Anyume, K. | 2018 | Dans ce cadre, l'AfCAP a confié au Consultant ‘'SMEC'' le projet d'Elaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la Mise en Place d'une Capacité de Recherche Durable sur les Routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en République Démocratique du Congo. Le présent volume constitue Annexe 2 au Rapport Final. | |
| Élaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la mise en place d'une capacité de recherche durable sur les routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en RD Congo | Rapport Final | SMEC Kenya Pty Ltd | Tshiula, P.;Libebele, J.P. | 2018 | Cette étude constitue la première de deux phases d'un projet plus vaste dont l'objectif final est l'installation et le renforcement effectifs d'une unité de Recherche Routière en RDC. Le présent Rapport final constitue le sixième livrable de l'étude. Il présente le plan stratégique élaboré et actualisé par le Consultant SMEC. Il traite notamment des objectifs spécifiques, de la mission et du cadre organisationnel du CRR, ainsi que du schéma de sa création et de sa mise en place. Ce schéma présente la stratégie en trois phases du projet dont la phase préparatoire, la phase de transition-démarrage pour opérer la mutation effective du Département de Recherche et de Développement (DRD) de l'Office des Routes (OdR), ex Division de la Recherche, en Centre de Recherche Routière (CRR) établissement public, et la phase opérationnelle ou de fonctionnement régulier du CRR, toutes avec l'assistance technique d'AfCAP. La phase de transition ne devra pas dépasser trois ans. Le chapitre se termine par l'élaboration d'un Plan d'action (PA) ou programme des actions à mener à court, moyen et long termes. | |
| The Impact of Drainage on the Performance of Low Volume Sealed Roads | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Rolt, J.;Mukura, K. | 2020 | Previous studies on the performance of low volume sealed roads have emphasized the importance of good drainage to ensure good performance. The emphasis has been on providing sealed shoulders, adequate crown height, and adequate camber. These studies have not related these cross-sectional features with materials characteristics. This paper investigates the influence of each of these features on the performance of low volume sealed roads and their relation to pavement materials. The features were considered each one at time, using a matrix of three levels of the value of each feature and three levels of performance categories. Thus, presenting a 3x3 performance matrix for each factor. Assessment of the matrices showed that provision of sealed shoulders permits the use of materials of higher plasticity (PI | ||
| Design and Implementation of the Pilot Phase of Mentoring Support for Research Personnel in Transport/Road Research Centres | Final Report | CSIR;ALERT Engineering;Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Araya, A.;Paige-Green, P. | 2020 | ReCAP initiated a three-phased mentoring programme consisting of a Scoping Study (Phase 1), a Mentoring Pilot (Phase 2) and the Roll-Out of the programme to all ReCAP countries (Phase 3). Following a scoping study in Uganda on mentoring of national professional staff on research methods (Phase 1), the Mentoring Pilot (Phase 2) aimed at trialling methodology for mentoring research personnel was initiated in Mozambique and Uganda. This Final Report presents the methodology that was adopted for the training of research staff on the essential components of research in order to provide the mentees with a set of skills focussed on their particular development needs. As part of the training, mentees were assigned individual research projects derived from identified and prioritised research needs and were coached and mentored in the initiation of these projects. Based on the lessons learnt from the mentoring pilot, recommendations for Phase 3 of the ReCAP Mentorship Programme have been provided. | |
| Establishment of Rural Road Research Capacity in Myanmar | RDU Business Plan for First Five Years of Operation, Edited Final Version | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2020 | This document presents the updated Business Plan for the first five years of operation of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) of the Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD). This version replaces the 2018 version of the plan. The Business Plan is expected to evolve over time in line with the shifting views and expectations of the DRRD under the Ministry of Construction (MOC), and the realities associated with the physical establishment of the RDU. The Business Plan addresses: (a) the vision, mission, goal and strategic objectives of the RDU; (b) governance issues, including the role and responsibilities of the Steering Committee, the institutional and physical location of the RDU, sources of funding, key performance indicators, and strategic relationships and linkages; (c) the short to medium-term research agenda of the RDU, which future revisions will be guided by a Rural Road Research Technical Committee (RRRTC); (d) capacitation of the RDU in terms of human resources and research infrastructure; and (e) knowledge management, inclusive of information transfer. In addition to the above, an indicative budget is provided, which will have to be updated annually by the DRRD. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Final Pilot Study Report | Helvetas | Pandey, G.;Acharya, N. | 2020 | This report presents the findings from a three-year pilot study (July 2017-June 2020) which aimed to develop a participatory approach for roadside protection of rural roads in Nepal through the plantation of cash generating crops along the Right of Way (RoW). The study involved an innovative approach through which ownership was fostered by way of a Memorandum of Understanding and agreements between local authorities and local user groups. A RoW Utilisation Manual has been prepared, describing the necessary legal, engineering, bio-engineering and economic aspects. This pilot study report describes the five phases of the project: the start-up, the preparatory activities, the implementation (plantation and training activities), monitoring, maintenance and harvesting of the plantation, and finally the pilot study documentation on completion. | |
| Measuring the Rural Transport Premium in Shan State, Myanmar | Final Report | Tun, K. | 2020 | ReCAP has commissioned a study to undertake data collection on the Rural Transport Premium for Impact Indicator in Myanmar on a road connecting a cluster of hill villages (Zeyar, Kyaung Shae Ywa, Kyaung Tang, Thayet Pin and Pantin) to He hoe in Shan State, Myanmar. The indicator is defined as Rural Transport Premium (fares per passenger-kilometres on LVRR relative to fares on long-distance bus services) tracked in four focus countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Nepal, and Myanmar). The study aims to measure the rural transport premium for the year 2020 and compare it with the Research for Community Access Programme logframe transport fare ratio of 2014 for Myanmar. The result demonstrates the ratio between rural passenger fares relative to long-distance bus fares has reduced over the past 6-years period of the ReCAP programme from 3.3 in 2014 to 2.5 in 2020. Dyna truck is the primary mode of transportation service to the project villages. | ||
| Capacity Building for the Rural Road Research Centre in Myanmar | Final Report | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B.;Ventura, D. | 2020 | Following the completion of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) Business Plan for Myanmar (ReCAP RAS2117A), it was agreed by the Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD) that a Rural Road Research and Development Unit (RDU) would be established, which would focus on research into rural road infrastructure and transport services in Myanmar. To support the establishment of the RDU, AsCAP initiated a project to build capacity among the staff at the newly established RDU facility of the DRRD. This Final Report presents an overview of the interactions and activities undertaken since project initiation (October 2018). It provides a summary of the first visit to Myanmar undertaken in November 2018, the training provided in South Africa during March and April 2019 and the second visit to Myanmar during May-June 2019. It also addresses the updating of the RDU Business Plan, the finalisation of project concept notes, and the drafting of an extended abstract and article. | |
| Capacity Building for the Rural Road Research Centre in Myanmar | Second Interim Report | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B.;Ventura, D. | 2020 | Following the completion of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) Business Plan for Myanmar (ReCAP RAS2117A), it was agreed by the Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD) that a Rural Road Research and Development Unit (RDU) would be established, which would focus on research into rural road infrastructure and transport services in Myanmar. To support the establishment of the RDU, AsCAP initiated a project to build capacity among the staff at the newly established RDU facility of the DRRD. This second interim report provides an overview of the progress that has been made since June 2019. It addresses the finalisation of project concept notes and the second RDU training intervention held in Myanmar. As a result of several logistical challenges, inclusive of these associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a revised timeline for deliverables had to be set, which is presented in this report. | |
| Améliorer la compréhension sur l'utilisation sécurisée des motos et des motos à trois roues pour le transport rural | Rapport Final: République Démocratique de Congo | Transaid;Amend | Barber, C.;Weijde, K. van der;Bishop, T. | 2019 | Ce rapport final sur la RDC présente les conclusions spécifiques du projet "Améliorer la compréhension de l'utilisation sécurisée des motos et motos à 3 roues pour le transport rural et les implications pour organiser une formation appropriée et des cadres réglementaires". Ce projet a été réalisé en RDC entre Février 2019 et Décembre 2019. L'étude a révélé que les taxis-motos sont très importants pour les voyages en milieu rural et gagnent en popularité parmi les communautés rurales. Outre les nombreux avantages qu'offrent les taxis-motos, les conducteurs et les passagers sont aussi fréquemment victimes des accidents de la route, des agressions, des abus et problèmes de santé. Il y a un faible niveau de conformité de la part des conducteurs en rapport avec la réglementation existante et la formation requise par la loi en RDC ; et le pouvoir est déficitaire en termes d'application par les acteurs gouvernementaux. Les résultats de cette étude peuvent être utilisés par le gouvernement de la RDC et d'autres partenaires clé pour mieux comprendre les problèmes liés à l'utilisation des taxis-motos dans les zones rurales et pour élaborer des politiques et des pratiques afin de maximiser les avantages et de minimiser les inconvénients. | |
| Right of Way Utilisation Manual | Helvetas | Helvetas | 2020 | For the purpose of roadside protection, and proper utilisation of the Right of Way, the Department of Local Infrastructure (DoLI) and ReCAP, with the technical support from HELVETAS Nepal launched a pilot project focusing on research into roadside protection and utilisation of the RoW land. Based on the research project's findings, the Government of Nepal, through the Department of Local Infrastructure (DoLI), regarded it important to develop a manual focusing on roadside protection and utilisation of RoW and improving the livelihood of disadvantaged people who live close to the road. This procedural manual is therefore focused on the utilisation of the RoW and has three main sections - planning and preparation work, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The main intended audience of this manual is the staff at local government level because rural roads have become a major function of the Local Governments. | ||
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Training Report | Helvetas | Pandey, G. | 2020 | This report describes the proceedings of the on-line e-learning training course on the Right of Way (RoW) Utilisation Manual held in June 2020. The report summarises the training course, the presentations and lecture notes, the self-assessment results, together with feedback and suggestion formats for participant response. The aim of this e-learning online course was to share information and knowledge derived from the project entitled, ‘Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal' (NEP2071D), and thereby enhancing knowledge on the application and processes involved in the utilisation of the Right of Way areas along the roads of Nepal. This course is supported by the published Right of Way Utilisation Manual. The target participants of this training course are the technical officers, essentially but not exclusively the Engineers and Sub-Engineers, of the local government working in the roads sector. | |
| Rural Road Note 01: A Guide on the Application of Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads | First Edition | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Otto, A.;Reeves, S.;Hine, J.;Musenero, L. | 2020 | This Rural Road Note (RRN) is aimed at engineers, road managers and other practitioners involved with the planning and design of low volume rural roads in developing and emerging countries in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It is intended to provide guidance on key considerations for the use of various pavement design methods for low volume roads. The RRN provides guidance on pavement design methods used in the design of LVRR, ranging from earth roads through gravel surfacing to the various unbound, natural stone, bituminous, cement-based and clay brick surfacing and pavement layers. The RRN compiles the lessons learnt from the design, construction, supervision and monitoring of a range of pavement and surfacing types investigated under SEACAP in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam; AFCAP 1 and ReCAP programmes, together with the knowledge compiled from various related studies in Southern Africa and South-East Asia. | |
| Measuring the Rural Transport Premium in Murang'a County, Kenya | Final Report | Tacitus Ltd | Orwa, S.;Oyoo, R. | 2020 | ReCAP has sub-contracted Tacitus Ltd to undertake data collection on the Rural Transport Premium for Impact Indicator in Kenya on the Gitugi-Kiamara junction road in Murang'a, Kenya. The indicator is defined as Rural transport premium (fares per passenger-kilometres on LVRR relative to fares on long-distance bus services) tracked in four focus countries including Kenya. This final report provides an overview of data collection activities in the field, analysis of the data, and final results. The key result of the research project is that the Rural Transport Premium has reduced from 5 in 2014 to 2.3 in 2020 (based on minibuses). | |
| The Hoopstad Stabilized Kalahari Sand LTPP Experiment After 55 Years | Volume 2: Annex G | Netterberg, F. | 2018 | The Hoopstad long-term road pavement performance (LTPP) experiment was constructed in 1962 as part of the road P 21/3 on Route R700 between Hoopstad and Bultfontein in the Free State Province of South Africa. In Volume 1 of this report, the performance of the stabilized sections is reported in comparison with the neat sand and crusher run sections. This Volume 2 document contains Annex G to the main report. | ||
| The Hoopstad Stabilized Kalahari Sand LTPP Experiment After 55 Years | Volume 2: Annexes D, E and F | Netterberg, F. | 2018 | The Hoopstad long-term road pavement performance (LTPP) experiment was constructed in 1962 as part of the road P 21/3 on Route R700 between Hoopstad and Bultfontein in the Free State Province of South Africa. In Volume 1 of this report, the performance of the stabilized sections is reported in comparison with the neat sand and crusher run sections. This Volume 2 document contains Annexes D, E and F to the main report. | ||
| The Hoopstad Stabilized Kalahari Sand LTPP Experiment After 55 Years | Volume 2: Annexes A, B and C | Netterberg, F. | 2018 | The Hoopstad long-term road pavement performance (LTPP) experiment was constructed in 1962 as part of the road P 21/3 on Route R700 between Hoopstad and Bultfontein in the Free State Province of South Africa. In Volume 1 of this report, the performance of the stabilized sections is reported in comparison with the neat sand and crusher run sections. This Volume 2 document contains Annexes A, B and C to the main report. | ||
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System | Training Workshop Presentation | BRRI | Fekpe, E. | 2020 | This presentation on the ReCAP Benefit Assessment System was used to train trainers in the use of the system. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Final Report | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Jones, S.;Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Hughes, D.;Adams, C.;Kelly, K.;Nnene, O.;Gambiza, P. | 2020 | Under the auspices of the ReCAP Programme, Mott MacDonald, the University of Cape Town and the University of Birmingham commenced implementation of tasks towards the establishment of a Centre for sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) in February 2019. This is the Final Report that summarises the activities the project has completed and those that need to take place in any future extension. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) was selected to host the CSSTL. Since April 2019, KNUST and the project team have been collaborating on the completion of the MSc in Transport Leadership curriculum, Marketing Strategy and Business Plan. KNUST have also been securing university approval to establish a new MSc programme and accreditation for the MSc from Ghana National Accreditation Board. | |
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision | Report of Tanzania Surveys | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2020 | The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' project examines how investments in low-volume rural road (LVRR) construction (provision) and maintenance (preservation) affect rural transport services (RTS). This report summarises research findings following surveys of six roads in Tanzania that had received investments in the past decade, including five investments to remove ‘bottlenecks' that had restricted all-season access. Historic traffic data sets available from before and after the investments were supplemented by 2019 data collected by this project. This report contains qualitative and quantitative data from the Tanzania roads. | |
| Mesurer l'accès rural en utilisant les nouvelles technologies | Lignes directrices complémentaires | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | Ce document contient des lignes directrices complémentaires à la méthodologie pour l'indice d'accès rural (RAI) 2016 (Banque mondiale, 2016). Ces lignes directrices complémentaires contiennent des procédures, étape par étape et détaillées pour le calcul, la documentation et la publication du RAI (indicateur ODD 9.1.1) d'un pays. Elles suivent les éléments clés de la méthodologie 2016, mettent l'accent sur l'implication des organismes nationaux de statistiques (ONS) et des agences gouvernementales dans le processus, et dotent la méthode de calcul du RAI en transparence et cohérence. Ces lignes directrices proposent également une approche alternative au caractère praticable toute l'année du RAI en se concentrant sur l'objectif prévu du réseau routier et l'évolution des risques de l'accessibilité audit réseau, et non pas uniquement sur les mesures physiques de l'état des routes. Elles encouragent également les ONS à utiliser de nouveaux outils et plateformes en ligne tels que WorldPop, OpenStreetMap et d'autres, pour plus de pertinence et d'accessibilité aux données et statistiques destinées au RAI. | |
| Medición del acceso rural: Uso de Nuevas Tecnologías | Apéndices de la Guía Suplementaria | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | Este documento contiene los apéndices de la Guía Suplementaria. | |
| Índice de Acceso Rural (RAI) Directrices Suplementarias | Medición del Acceso Rural Usando Nuevas Tecnologías | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | Este documento contiene directrices complementarias para la metodología RAI 2016 (Banco Mundial, 2016). Estas directrices complementarias contienen procedimientos detallados, paso a paso, para el cálculo, la documentación y la publicación del RAI (ODS 9.1.1) para un país. Estos siguen los principios clave de la metodología de 2016, enfatizando la participación de las Oficinas Nacionales de Estadística (ONE) y las agencias gubernamentales en el proceso, y proporcionando transparencia y consistencia en la forma en que se calcula el RAI. Estas directrices también proveen un enfoque alternativo al aspecto de "todas las estaciones" del RAI, centrándose en el propósito previsto para la red de carreteras y los riesgos cambiantes de accesibilidad a esa red, en lugar de basarse en mediciones físicas del estado de la carretera. También alientan a las ONE a participar con nuevas herramientas y plataformas en línea como WorldPop, OpenStreetMap y otras para mejorar la precisión y la accesibilidad de los datos y las estadísticas del RAI. | |
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | Policy Guide and Roadmap to Achieve SDG Tier 1 Status TG3 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2020 | This project provides additional support to implement the uptake and embedment of the Rural Access Index (RAI). The RAI has also been adopted as Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9.1.1. This report is concerned with providing policy guidance and a roadmap to achieving IAEG-SDG Tier 1 status by 2025. The report gives key reasons as to why RAI is an important part of wider rural development policies and programmes and summarises some of the other assistance being provided by the international community. The report includes a roadmap for RAI to achieve IAEG-SDGs Tier 1 Status by 2025, including a programme for implementation. | |
| Development of a Rural Road Note (RRN) on Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Hine, J.;Reeves, S.;Musenero, L.; | 2019 | This ReCAP project implemented by TRL aims to develop a Rural Road Note (RRN) on pavement design methods for low volume rural roads. This report describes the main activities that were undertaken during the inception stage of the project. The project was launched on the 15th May 2019 and is scheduled to be completed by 20th May 2019. During the inception stage a desk study was carried out to identify reference documents that will be used during the literature review to produce the RRN. Eight members of the Stakeholder Working Group (SWG) were proposed to assist with development of the RRN. | |
| Rural Access Index (RAI) | Policy Brief | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2020 | This Policy Brief was developed based on the ReCAP supported research project to continue the improvement and uptake of the Rural Access Index (RAI) methodology. The RAI is indicator 9.1.1 for the Sustainable Development Goals. The project found that methodology developed in 2016 by the World Bank could be refined to be more accurate and sustainable, and supplemental guidelines have been developed. These guidelines provide a comprehensive overview of the measurement process and include all of the necessary steps and processes to measure and publish RAI. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Appendix C.2: Drainage Structural Drawings | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | 2020 | This Manual for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) promotes the rational, appropriate and affordable provision of LVRs in Ghana. In doing so it aims to make cost effective and sustainable use of local resources, reflecting local experience and advances in LVR technology gained in Ghana and elsewhere. Part C of the Manual addresses drainage-related aspects of the design of LVRs. These include the calculation of flows in watercourses, discharge rates, the location and design of appropriate drainage structures, associated road side stabilisation measures, and provision for the anticipated effects of climate change. Tailored specifically for conditions in Sierra Leone, it includes worked examples to help the reader understand the detailed application of the methods and practices described. This Appendix C.2 to the Manual includes Standard Drawings for typical drainage structures. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part C - Hydrology, Drainage design and Roadside Slope Stabilisation | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | 2020 | This Manual for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) promotes the rational, appropriate and affordable provision of LVRs in Ghana. In doing so it aims to make cost effective and sustainable use of local resources, reflecting local experience and advances in LVR technology gained in Ghana and elsewhere. Part C of the Manual includes standards for hydrology, drainage design and roadside slope stabilisation. It provides guidance on estimating the flow in a watercourse, the selection of the most appropriate drainage structure, hydraulic design of the structure and construction. Guidance is also given on appropriate measures to ensure the stability of cut and fill slopes on the sides of the road. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part B - Materials, Pavement Design and Construction | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | 2020 | This Manual for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) promotes the rational, appropriate and affordable provision of LVRs in Ghana. In doing so it aims to make cost effective and sustainable use of local resources, reflecting local experience and advances in LVR technology gained in Ghana and elsewhere. Part B of the Manual includes standards for site investigations and the selection of materials and pavement design. It includes recommendations for the design of paved and unpaved low volume roads. It also covers road construction activities including borrow pit management and quality control. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part A - Policy, Geometric Design and Road Safety | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | Ministry of Roads and Highways, Ghana | 2020 | This Manual for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) promotes the rational, appropriate and affordable provision of LVRs in Ghana. In doing so it aims to make cost effective and sustainable use of local resources, reflecting local experience and advances in LVR technology gained in Ghana and elsewhere. Part A of the Manual describes the background and philosophy of low volume road design in the context of rural road asset management. It provides guidance on route selection for rural roads and geometric standards for detailed design. Guidance is also provided on planning options and the implementation of Complementary Interventions to enhance the impact of road projects in local communities. Road safety is given particular importance in the Manual, including guidance on safer design for motorcycles. The standards encourage the use of labour-based construction methods where appropriate, within the context of focusing on technical quality and value for money. | |
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System | User Manual | BRRI | Fekpe, E. | 2020 | This user manual presents a detailed description of the steps involved in using the ReCAP Benefit Assessment System (BAS). The manual describes the development of the benefit assessment framework, systems architecture, and the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework. A systems approach is used in developing the BAS where each subsystem represents a component of the benefits of conducting and implementing the results of research projects. The BAS can be visualized as a report (score) card where grades (or scores) are assigned to the various indicators in each subsystem. | |
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System | Training Workshop Report | BRRI | Fekpe, E.;Ackaah, W.;Afukaar, F. | 2020 | This report presents proceedings of regional workshops conducted to train ReCAP partners in Africa and South East Asia regions in the use of Benefit Assessment System (ReCAP-BAS). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face training workshop was conducted only for the West Africa partner countries while virtual (online) workshops were conducted for the East and Southern Africa and South East Asia countries. Based on the feedback, in general, participants expressed satisfaction with the product and their desire to use it for other applications such as road asset management. | |
| Development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan | Final Consultative Workshop Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2020 | The development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan has been identified as a priority project by the country's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD). The main goal of the project is to reduce poverty in rural areas by facilitating improved access to economic and social services for rural communities. This second and final Consultative Workshop Report presents the outcome of the discussions held, and agreements reached, at the workshop that was held in Bangalore, India from 24 – 27 February 2020. | |
| Measuring the Rural Transport Premium in Shan State, Myanmar | Inception Report | Tun, K. | 2020 | ReCAP has commissioned a study to undertake data collection on the Rural Transport Premium for Impact Indicator in Myanmar on a road connecting a cluster of hill villages (Zeyar, Kyaung Shae Ywa, Kyaung Tang, Thayet Pin and Pantin) to He hoe in Shan State, Myanmar. The indicator is defined as Rural Transport Premium (fares per passenger-kilometres on LVRR relative to fares on long-distance bus services) tracked in four focus countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Nepal, and Myanmar). The study aims to measure the rural transport premium for the year 2020 and compare it with the Research for Community Access Programme logframe transport fare ratio of 2014 for Myanmar. The Inception Report provides the methodology, work plan and data collection tool to gather information from community, transport users, operators, and government officials. | ||
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision | Report on Nepal Surveys | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2020 | The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' project examines how investments in low-volume rural road (LVRR) construction (provision) and maintenance (preservation) affect rural transport services (RTS). Two roads in Nepal and six roads in Tanzania were selected for IMPARTS Phase 2 surveys, because of good transport services data from previous studies. New surveys of traffic, users and operators on these roads started in October 2019. This report contains qualitative and quantitative data from the Nepal roads. | |
| Agriculture and rural roads – synergies and opportunities | Intech Associates | Petts, R. | 2020 | Although developed for the agriculture sector, the two-axle tractor has found proven, low-cost and beneficial applications in the African rural roads sector, particularly for maintenance operations. The challenges in the road sector and advantages of tractor applications are discussed. The synergies and potential for cross-sector cooperation are explored and recommendations made for improved awareness and performance to contribute to rural development and community wellbeing. | ||
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part E - Road Maintenance | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads for Liberia builds on previous work done by the Liberia Government and development partners, notably the Liberia-Swedish Feeder Road Program. Part E of the Manual concerns the effective maintenance prolongs the life of the road and ensures that the road is open to traffic in all weather conditions. Vehicle operating costs are reduced by providing a smooth-running surface, free of defects such as potholes and ruts. This results in reliable access and facilitates regular and affordable rural transport services. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part C - Appendix C.4: Drainage Structural Drawings | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads for Liberia builds on previous work done by the Liberia Government and development partners, notably the Liberia-Swedish Feeder Road Program. Part C of the Manual addresses drainage-related aspects of the design of LVRs. These include the calculation of flows in watercourses, discharge rates, the location and design of appropriate drainage structures, associated road side stabilisation measures, and provision for the anticipated effects of climate change. Tailored specifically for conditions in Sierra Leone, it includes worked examples to help the reader understand the detailed application of the methods and practices described. This Appendix to the Manual includes Standard Drawings for typical drainage structures. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part C - Hydrology, Drainage design and Roadside Slope Stabilisation | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads for Liberia builds on previous work done by the Liberia Government and development partners, notably the Liberia-Swedish Feeder Road Program. The Manual describes the basic standards to be adhered to in the provision and maintenance of rural roadsPart C of the manual addresses drainage-related aspects of the design of LVRs. These include the calculation of flows in watercourses, discharge rates, the location and design of appropriate drainage structures, associated roadside stabilization measures, and provision for the anticipated effects of climate change. Tailored specifically for conditions in Liberia, it includes worked examples to help the reader understand the detailed application of the methods and practices described. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part B - Materials, Pavement Design and Construction | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads for Liberia builds on previous work done by the Liberia Government and development partners, notably the Liberia-Swedish Feeder Road Program. Part B of the Manual includes standards for site investigations and the selection of materials and pavement design. It includes recommendations for the design of paved and unpaved low volume roads. It also covers road construction activities including borrow pit management and quality control. The design standards included in this manual support the affordable provision of low volume roads through the optimal use of locally occurring resources in the construction of the roads. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part A - Policy, Geometric Design and Road Safety | Ministry of Public Works Liberia | Ministry of Public Works, Liberia | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads for Liberia builds on previous work done by the Liberia Government and development partners, notably the Liberia-Swedish Feeder Road Program. The Manual describes the basic standards to be adhered to in the provision and maintenance of rural roads. Part A of the Manual describes the background and philosophy of low volume road design in the context of rural road asset management. It provides guidance on route selection for rural roads and geometric standards for detailed design. Guidance is also provided on planning options and the implementation of Complementary Interventions to enhance the impact of road projects in local communities. Road safety is given particular importance in the manual, including guidance on safer design for motorcycles. The standards encourage the use of labor-based construction. | |
| Development of a Simplified Agency Life-Cycle Costing Tool for Gravel Roads | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Otto, A. | 2020 | Understanding how roads behave is necessary both for their design and also to make sure that suitable and appropriate maintenance is programmed and carried out effectively. There are many variables that affect road performance, and these differ from place to place. This is true of both paved and unpaved roads. To develop better understanding of the performance of gravel roads, a study was undertaken in six Sub-Sahara African countries. It was found that two material characteristics, namely plasticity product and grading modulus, had a major effect on the performance of gravel roads, and were found to predict the performance of gravel roads to an acceptable level of accuracy. The results of the study were used to develop a simple life-cycle costing model for gravel roads that allows engineers to improve the performance of gravel roads and to reduce whole life costs. | ||
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part E - Road Maintenance | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the design, construction and maintenance of low volume roads, typically carrying less than 300 vehicles per day with four or more wheels and less than one million equivalent standard axles over the design life. Part E of the Manual concerns the effective maintenance prolongs the life of the road and ensures that the road is open to traffic in all weather conditions. Vehicle operating costs are reduced by providing a smooth-running surface, free of defects such as potholes and ruts. This results in reliable access and facilitates regular and affordable rural transport services. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part C - Appendix C.4: Drainage Structural Drawings | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the design, construction and maintenance of low volume roads, typically carrying less than 300 vehicles per day with four or more wheels and less than one million equivalent standard axles over the design life. Part C of the Manual addresses drainage-related aspects of the design of LVRs. These include the calculation of flows in watercourses, discharge rates, the location and design of appropriate drainage structures, associated road side stabilisation measures, and provision for the anticipated effects of climate change. Tailored specifically for conditions in Sierra Leone, it includes worked examples to help the reader understand the detailed application of the methods and practices described. This Appendix to the Manual includes Standard Drawings for typical drainage structures. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part C - Hydrology, Drainage design and Roadside Slope Stabilisation | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the design, construction and maintenance of low volume roads, typically carrying less than 300 vehicles per day with four or more wheels and less than one million equivalent standard axles over the design life. Part C of the Manual includes standards for hydrology, drainage design and roadside slope stabilisation. It provides guidance on estimating the flow in a watercourse, the selection of the most appropriate drainage structure, hydraulic design of the structure and construction. Guidance is also given on appropriate measures to ensure the stability of cut and fill slopes on the sides of the road. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part B - Materials, Pavement Design and Construction | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the design, construction and maintenance of low volume roads, typically carrying less than 300 vehicles per day with four or more wheels and less than one million equivalent standard axles over the design life. Part B of the Manual includes standards for site investigations and the selection of materials and pavement design. It includes recommendations for the design of paved and unpaved low volume roads. It also covers road construction activities including borrow pit management and quality control. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part A - Policy, Geometric Design and Road Safety | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | 2020 | The Manual for Low Volume Roads applies to the design, construction and maintenance of low volume roads, typically carrying less than 300 vehicles per day with four or more wheels and less than one million equivalent standard axles over the design life. Part A of the Manual describes the background and philosophy of low volume road design in the context of rural road asset management. It provides guidance on route selection for rural roads and geometric standards for detailed design. Guidance is also provided on planning options and the implementation of Complementary Interventions to enhance the impact of road projects in local communities. Road safety is given particular importance in the Manual, including guidance on safer design for motorcycles. The standards encourage the use of labour-based construction methods where appropriate, within the context of focusing on technical quality and value for money. | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No. 7 - Dated 05 June 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarifications No. 7 dated 05 June 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID 19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No. 6 - Dated 04 June 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarifications No. 6 dated 04 June 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID 19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No. 5 - Dated 03 June 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarifications No. 5 dated 03 June 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID 19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No. 4 - Dated 02 June 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarifications No. 4 dated 02 June 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Phase 3 Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Rolt, J.;Musenero, L.;Mukura, K. | 2020 | Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis is a project being carried out in three phases. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were completed whereas Phase 3 started in December 2018 and is completed in June 2020. This report describes the activities undertaken during Phase 3 including revision of specifications, capacity building, lessons learnt from SEACAP, and minutes of the regional workshop. It also sets out the recommended revisions to the specifications for low volume road pavement materials and pavement design catalogue. Dissemination of findings, and support for the lvroadsdata.com database will continue to be provided until June 2020. | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No. 3 - Dated 01 June 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarifications No. 3 dated 01 June 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No.2 Dated 28 May 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarification No. 2 dated 29 May 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund. | |
| COVID19 and Transport | Clarifications Issue No.1 Dated 27 May 2020 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Clarification No. 1 dated 27 May 2020 on the Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund. | |
| docx | COVID19 and Transport | Project Concept Note Template | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Project Concept Note to be used to apply for grants from the joint ReCAP and HVT COVID19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund |
| COVID19 and Transport | Call for Project Concept Notes | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2020 | Joint ReCAP and HVT Call for Project Concept Notes for the COVID19 and Transport Response & Recovery Research Fund. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Quarterly Progress Report 4 | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Kelly, K.;Jones, S.;Gambiza, P. | 2020 | Mott MacDonald, the University of Cape Town and the University of Birmingham commenced the establishment of a Centre for sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) in February 2019. This report is the fourth Quarterly Progress Report for the project covering the period from December 2019 – January 2020. | |
| Measuring the Rural Transport Premium in Kenya | Inception Report | Tacitus Ltd | Orwa, S.;Oyoo, R. | 2020 | ReCAP has sub-contracted Tacitus Ltd to undertake data collection on the Rural Transport Premium for Impact Indicator in Kenya on the Gitugi-Kiamara junction road in Murang'a, Kenya. The indicator is defined as Rural transport premium (fares per passenger-kilometres on LVRR relative to fares on long-distance bus services) tracked in four focus countries including Kenya. The Inception Report provides the methodology, work plan and steps for the collection of quantitative data supported by qualitative data from community, transport users, operators, and regulatory agencies. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Field Implementation Report | Helvetas | Branney, P.;Pandey, G. | 2020 | AsCAP is supporting a project in Nepal to enhance community participation in rural road maintenance through roadside plantation of profitable crops. This report describes field implementation activities and milestones from July 2017 to 31 Dec 2019. To start this phase of the project, meetings were held with the project team and with DoLIDAR (now, DoLI) and both sites in Dhankuta District in the Eastern Hills were visited. Further training including compost fertilizer making, business plan preparation, cost-benefit analysis, account keeping, broom making were completed during the subsequent period. Relationships and linkages were developed with traders and produce collectors to enable better prices for agro-based products to be obtained. Institutional development activities with UGs were also supported. | |
| Development of a Rural Roads Planning and Prioritisation Model for the Punjab Province of Pakistan | Final Report | The Urban Unit | Bukhari, S.;Aslam, M.;Moheyuddin, G. | 2020 | The Planning and Development Department and other local government entities of the Government of the Punjab encounter a daunting task of prioritisation of rural roads at the start of each financial year. The underlying study aims to facilitate the planning and prioritisation of rural roads in Punjab through the adoption of a robust methodology encompassing various modes of analysis. Two modules of the model are being proposed based on Multi- Criteria Analysis; one for the planning and prioritisation of new rural roads and second for rehabilitation/ improvement of existing rural roads. Indicators are recommended on the basis of global practices and stakeholder's feedback. The prioritisation model will replace the prevailing informal ways of rural roads prioritisation in the province; thus, contributing towards sustainable socio-economic development of the rural areas. | |
| Development of a Rural Roads Planning and Prioritisation Model for the Punjab Province of Pakistan | Inception Report | The Urban Unit | Bukhari, S.;Aslam, M.;Moheyuddin, G.;Abedin, Z. | 2019 | The Planning and Development Department and other local government entities of the Government of the Punjab encounter a daunting task of prioritisation of rural roads at the start of each financial year. The underlying study aims to facilitate the planning and prioritisation of rural roads in Punjab through the adoption of a robust methodology encompassing various modes of analysis. Descriptive analysis of the global best practices, in particularly model developed for LGED in Bangladesh, will help to identify various criteria used for the development of a prioritisation model whereas focus group discussion and consultative meetings forming qualitative and quantitative part of the study will help to gauge the significance of each criterion and develop a prioritisation model. | |
| Development of a Rural Roads Planning and Prioritisation Model for the Punjab Province of Pakistan | Workshop Report | The Urban Unit | Bukhari, S.;Aslam, M.;Moheyuddin, G. | 2020 | The Planning and Development Department and other local government entities of the Government of the Punjab encounter a daunting task of prioritisation of rural roads at the start of each financial year. The underlying study aims to facilitate the planning and prioritisation of rural roads in Punjab through the adoption of a robust methodology encompassing various modes of analysis. Various methodologies, indicators and criteria used for the planning and prioritisation model globally and regionally were investigated to establish baseline model. This report covers the workshop that was arranged to help gauge the significance of each criterion for development of the prioritisation model where a rural road can be tested with respect to its need, cost benefit analysis and potential socio-economic benefits. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Business Plan | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Jones, S.;Zuidgeest, M.;Kelly, K. | 2020 | Mott MacDonald, the University of Cape Town and the University of Birmingham commenced the establishment of a Centre for sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) in February 2019. In the period since, an assessment was undertaken on shortlisted universities, leading to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) being awarded the position of Host Institution for the CSSTL. This deliverable is the Business Plan and outlines the basis on which the CSSTL and the MSc in Transportation Leadership will be developed, managed, funded and monitored. | |
| Investigation into the use of Qingqis as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province | Final Report | IMC Worldwide;University of Lahore | Starkey P.;Batool Z.;Younis, M.;Reeves, J.;Páscoa, M.;Rehman,A.;Ali, M. | 2020 | ReCAP has contracted IMC Worldwide to undertake research into the use of motorcycle rickshaws (three-wheelers known as ‘Qingqis') for rural transport services in Punjab Province in Pakistan. This report reviews the use of three-wheelers in Pakistan and other countries, stressing the differences between the rural route-based services offered by motorcycle rickshaws with the urban point-to-point services of auto-rickshaws. Survey data from three rural areas is presented, including traffic analyses, and opinions of users, operators, manufacturers and regulators. | |
| Investigation of the Suitability of Pre-cast/Pre- Fabricated Modular Bridges for Rural Roads in Nepal – Pilot Study | Construction Completion Report: Baugi Bridge, Parsa | TRL Ltd. | Kominek, M.;Workman, R. | 2020 | This research has focused on defining and developing a new modular system of bridge construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. A modular bridge for Nepal has been designed and is being trialled in two locations, one in Doti district (a hilly area in the far west of Nepal) and one in Parsa district on the flat Terai area of Nepal, to the south west of Kathmandu. This report currently covers the completion of the Baugi Bridge in Parsa, on the Terai. The visit reports contain a summary of issues noticed during and after construction, and the remedies applied. These have been recorded and passed on to the contractor so that similar issues can be avoided on Bridge 2 in Doti. They will also be noted in the design manual. A photographic record has been produced for the completed report and can be seen in the Annexes. | |
| Impact of unpaved road condition on rural transport services | UNRA | Mbabazi, E. | 2019 | The majority of roads in developing countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa remain unpaved. To optimise their social impact, rural roads need to be complemented with convenient and affordable transport services that allow residents to reach markets and basic services. Motorcycle taxis or boda bodas, have risen to be the most dominant transport service in the rural areas of Uganda. Careful management of the vehicle operating costs (VOCs) is therefore important to sustain this service in the rural areas. This study estimates the changes in VOCs for motorcycle taxis with changes in the unpaved road condition. A 1·8% rise in operating costs is found when a road condition deteriorates from very good to good; and a 7·7% increase when road condition deteriorates from good to fair or poor. | ||
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six Africa Countries and Myanmar | Report on Third Monitoring Visit to Myanmar | CDS | Geddes, R.;Pinard, M. | 2020 | ReCAP is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and (RDU, Myanmar) in Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the development of appropriate specifications for Low Volume Roads. In Myanmar, five “trial” sections were constructed on the TG1 Road in Taunggyi, Shan State, using different surfacing types and two control sections of Penetration Macadam. The newly formed Research and Development Unit (RDU) of the DRRD is tasked with monitoring the performance of the experimental sections. This report covers a visit of the CDS advisory team to Myanmar from 21 to 25 October 2019. The team reviewed the status of the baseline monitoring activities and reporting for the TGI 1A Road and visited the Shan Zu Chuang Zauk to Hle Zeik Road with the RDU team. Furhtermore, a workshop was held. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six Africa Countries and Myanmar | Field Visit Report No. 4 (Africa) | CDS | Geddes, R.;Pinard, M. | 2020 | ReCAP is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the establishment of appropriate specifications for Low Volume Roads. Monitoring is being carried out in accordance with existing guidelines for the establishment and monitoring of experimental and LTPP sections, which will be updated under the project. The local consulting firms are now capable of collecting the field data from the monitoring sites, though delays have been experienced in obtaining the data when this task is outsourced to the government central laboratory. The report provides summaries of the current situation in the participating countries in Africa. The lack of detailed moisture measurements is a weak link in the activity chain on the project. No further visits of the CDS advisory team are planned to the participating countries. | |
| Development of a Rural Road Note (RRN) on Pavement Design Methods for Low Volume Rural Roads | Scoping Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Hine, J.;Reeves, S.;Musenero, L. | 2019 | The design of pavements has a major impact on the cost of the provision of low volume rural roads. There are three major empirical pavement design methods available for the design of low volume rural roads in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. These include the CBR method, the DCP-CBR-SN method and the DCP-DN method. Many of these methods require different design inputs (data types). Consequently, the resulting design thicknesses and materials requirements are often different. This project aims to develop a Rural Road Note (RRN) on pavement design methods for low volume rural roads. It will be developed in such a way that a designer will be able to compare design options using a systematic approach before final selection of the preferred option. | |
| Rural Road Asset Management Practitioners' Guideline | CDS | Civil Design Solutions | 2020 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has provided technical assistance to foster improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The four countries participating are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. The project promoted a change in the approach of rural road agencies towards the management of their road networks; it encouraged a holistic approach, where road agencies consider all six building blocks of the Road Preservation Pyramid. Based on the project, a practitioners' guidelines has been developed for effective rural road asset management. The guidelines include performance assessment and management tools that were developed and tested in the field. | ||
| Scoping Study to Explore the Suitability of SDG Indicator 9.1.2 for Rural Access | Final Report | Sieber, N.;Hine, J.;Dalkmann, H.;Wililo, S.;Mengesha, T.;Poudyal, S. | 2020 | The study investigates the feasibility of adapting the SDG Indicator 9.1.2 (covering passenger and freight volumes) to include a sub-indicator for rural mobility, with a view to identifying a measurement framework and data collection methodology based around the movement of rural passenger and freight road transport. The paper discusses definitions of rural transport and recommends using national classifications. It provides an overview of international transport statistics. The paper finds that most of the transport models are not eligible to assess rural transport volumes in practice. Therefore, a Basic Model for rural transport estimation was developed and related methods of data collection discussed. In summary, there are a number of institutional and financial constraints, as well as deficits in data availability, and insufficient integration into the SDG process. Two options might be considered to be explored further: (i) Incremental development, i.e. submission of a suggestion for a rural indicator within 9.1.2. for the next consultation for IAED-SDG review in 2025; or (ii) integrated reporting for ALL transport related SDGs. | ||
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Progress Report 6 | Helvetas | Branney, P.;Pandey, G. | 2019 | This report describes progress with project activities and milestones from 1st August to 31th October 2019. Activities completed during this period include: meeting with the federal, provincial and local level (Palika) governments; sharing the Mid-Term Report's recommendations with concerned stakeholders; plant growth monitoring; and compost fertilizer preparation practice and weeding at project sites. Additional capacity building activities including training for RUGs on proposal writing was carried out during the reporting period and preparation work for the planned manual was continued by the project team in consultation with concerned stakeholders. The RUGs are improving their institutional development and administrative activities such as record keeping, holding regular monthly meetings, started a saving and credit scheme and are approaching the concerned municipalities for meetings to discuss getting access to further funds for their development activities. | |
| Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan | Final Report | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2020 | The Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan project is being implemented through the Ministry of Roads and Bridges (MRB), under the AfCAP technical assistance programme. The primary purpose of this project was to support the establishment of a Road Research Centre (RRC) in South Sudan, to ensure sustainable road research capacity that will effectively contribute to the development of the road sector and accelerate national development strategy of the country. This Strategic Plan has been developed based on contributions from technical experts from key stakeholder institutions through consultative meetings throughout the project implementation phase, and discussions at a consultative workshop that took place on 30th October, 2019. It is the document that will guide the establishment of the Road Research Centre in South Sudan. | |
| Editorial: Themed issue on gender mainstreaming in rural transport | ReCAP PMU;Durham University | Bradbury, A.;Porter, R. | 2020 | This article is the Editorial of the themed issue of the ICE Transport journal on Gender Mainstreaming in rural transport. | ||
| Transforming gender relations in Nepal's trail bridge programme: policies and practice | Helvetas | Sherpa, M.;Tumbahangfe, A.;Acharya, N.;Chhetry, D.;Tuladhar, I.;Carter, J. | 2020 | This paper considers the extent to which the full and equal rights guaranteed in Nepal's constitution are reflected in the government's trail bridge programme (TBP). A review of the legal provisions and relevant literature was used to inform interviews and field enquiries at nine short-span trail bridges and one long-span bridge. The analysis indicates that the TBP is broadly gender responsive in its policies, but often falls short at field level. The paper concludes with five key suggestions for rendering the TBP more gender transformative: to address the time constraints imposed on women by unpaid care work; to ensure better facilitation of social processes; to strengthen women's leadership; to maximise women's income from wage labour through avoiding debt, turning it into assets and undertaking skills training; to incorporate inclusive community planning and construction of long-span bridges. | ||
| Gender mainstreaming in the Nepalese rural transport sector: working towards transformative change | WiseNepal | Hada, J. | 2020 | Nepal is progressive in mainstreaming gender equality and social inclusion in the rural transport sector. Research studies were conducted using qualitative methods to assess the extent to which people living within the zone of influence of road and bridge projects have benefitted in two rural districts. The project's targeting approach to provide employment to women and disadvantaged groups in construction projects had very positive impacts on their livelihoods. However, heavy domestic duties constrain women's potential to participate fully, they are hardly influencing decisions and participation in training is at times constrained by factors such as women's domestic duties and distance to training venues. | ||
| Changing women's lives and livelihoods: motorcycle taxis in rural Liberia and Sierra Leone | Swansea University;Njala University;Wageningen University | Jenkins, J.;Mokuwa, E.;Peters, K.;Richards, P. | 2020 | This study assessed if and how motorcycle taxis have contributed to the livelihoods of rural women and whether there is appetite among them to become operators themselves. Data were gathered through male and female focus group discussions, roadside traffic counts and operator and passenger surveys. The study was conducted in three districts in rural Sierra Leone and one rural county in Liberia. Women nearly universally praised rural motorcycle taxis, indicating that they have made access to markets and (maternal) health much easier. However, while many expressed the desire to become operators themselves, they identified a number of barriers, the most significant being lack of friends or business persons willing to rent motorcycles to female operators. | ||
| Gender mainstreaming in rural road construction/usage in Ethiopia: impact and implications | MetaMeta | Abhishek, A.;Borgia, C.;Manjur, K.;Steenbergen, F. van; | 2020 | This study investigated the engagement of men, women spouses (WS) and women heads-of-household (WHH) in the planning and construction of rural roads in two Ethiopian districts of Tigray and Amhara, and the differential impacts of rural roads on the mobility and transport of men, WS and WHH. The fieldwork established that there is a strong demand among women for both road use and employment opportunities in road construction. However, there are gaps between gender provision in rural road development and implementation. The benefits of roads for women can be enhanced by targeting gender mainstreaming provisions to take into account the specific travel and transport needs of WS and WHH. | ||
| Gendered politics in rural roads: gender mainstreaming in Tanzania's transport sector | Value Plus Consultants;Durham University;Helpage | Mulongo, G.;Porter, R.;Tewodros, A. | 2020 | This paper explores the impacts of gender mainstreaming initiatives in Tanzania's transport sector on the everyday reality of rural women's lives, including those facing multiple forms of discrimination. Using qualitative methods, including co-investigation with community members, data were triangulated from diverse sources. The results indicate that progress in mainstreaming has been slow. Despite government directives, few women have benefitted from employment in road construction except through two national programmes: the Village Travel and Transport Programme and the Tanzania Social Action Fund. However, most women, particularly those disadvantaged, derive benefit from road improvement and the expanded services that tend to follow these improvements. Nevertheless, women's constrained resources and prevailing cultural mores continue to militate against them directly operating transport, whether for personal or business use. | ||
| Scaling up gender mainstreaming in transport: policies, practices and monitoring processes | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P.;Tanzarn, N. | 2020 | Four rural transport programmes, one each in Ghana, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, were reviewed in respect of gender mainstreaming. National gender frameworks and transport policies were analysed for each country. The programmes reviewed showed good practices in integration of gender across the project cycle. However, it is notable that the programmes reviewed were donor-funded and thus were significantly influenced by the gender policies of the funding mechanisms. The case study programmes reviewed have put in place some good gender performance assessment tools, which provide examples of the tools that could be made mandatory as part of gender accountability in the transport sector. | ||
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Bi-monthly Progress Report 2 | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2020 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost-effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region. This report, commissioned by the Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP) for RDA, describes the activities of the Consultant's team members who visited Zambia in January-February 2020 to facilitate the main training and demonstration activities in 2020. The status of the training and related initiatives are described in this report. The Consultants continue to provide remote support between country visits. | |
| Effects of gender mainstreaming efforts on rural transport institutions in Kenya | Tacitus Ltd | Nyangueso, S.;Orwa, S.;Ombai, M.;Sheba, S. | 2020 | This paper reports on an investigation into the effects of gender mainstreaming efforts on the institutions that deliver and support rural transport infrastructure and services in Kenya. A multi-level case study was conducted at national and county levels where many institutions were surveyed. Results show that gender mainstreaming efforts have transformed rural transport institutions towards gender-responsive staffing, human resource practices, budgeting, procurement and implementation of transport-related works. However, achieving the constitutional two-thirds affirmative action policy in staffing remains a challenge, more so in technical and decision-making bodies. The study found that the meaning and purpose of gender mainstreaming is not sufficiently understood by the majority of transport sector institutions. Additionally, gender-disaggregated data are neither readily available nor applied to rural transport programming and implementation. | ||
| Transformative Impact of Mainstreaming Gender in Rural Transport | A Review of Seven Case Studies | Tanzarn, N. | 2020 | A growing body of knowledge shows that differences in women's time/space activity patterns, ownership of assets, and voice in decision-making, relative to men's, results in gender differentiated demands for, and benefits from rural transport services and infrastructure. Based on a review of the seven research projects implemented in the framework of the UK aid funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP), this paper analyses the extent to which selected transport policy, plans and projects have adopted gender transformative approaches. | ||
| Development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan | Inception Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J.;Rolt, J. | 2019 | The development of Guidelines, Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR) in Afghanistan has been identified as a priority project by the country's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD). The main goal of the project is to reduce poverty in rural areas by facilitating improved access to economic and social services for rural communities. This Inception Report presents the outcome of a review of current practices in Afghanistan and the implications for the project. The report also provides a detailed project work plan and milestones, as well as a risk assessment and mitigation plan. An outline Table of Contents is also presented for discussion with the MRRD's Technical Steering Committee at the First Stakeholder Consultation Workshop. | |
| Investigation into the use of Qingqis as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province | Progress Report | IMC Worldwide | Starkey, P.;Batool, Z.;Younis, W.;Reeves, J. | 2020 | ReCAP has contracted IMC Worldwide to undertake research on the use of motorcycle three-wheelers (‘Qingqis') for rural transport services in the Punjab. This Progress Report presents the survey instruments to be used during the research, which include traffic counts and surveys of transport users and transport operators. These will obtain information on the costs and tariffs of Qingqis and the other transport modes available, as well as patterns of use, operator associations, safety issues and people's preferences. During April, the research team jointly visited the selected research villages in three districts of Punjab, gaining new insights into rural transport operations. | |
| Investigation into the use of Qingqis as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province | Stakeholder Workshop Report | IMC Worldwide | Starkey, P.;Batool, Z.;Younis, W.;Umer, S.;Rehman, A.;Sarmad Ali, M. | 2020 | ReCAP has contracted IMC Worldwide to undertake research into the use of motorcycle rickshaws (threewheelers known as ‘Qingqis') for rural transport services in Punjab Province. This report concerns a stakeholder workshop hosted by the National Transport Research Centre on 5 September 2019. About 100 participants from relevant national, provincial and international organisations attended. The morning sessions involved the research team sharing their findings, based on lessons from other countries and their research surveys in three Punjab districts. The afternoon session involved group discussions of key issues emerging. The workshop discussions and findings will be considered as the team members prepare their Final Report and recommendations. The participants gave the workshop a positive evaluation. | |
| Annabel Bradbury | International Development Professional | Cricket Media | Melamed, M. | 2020 | MUSE magazine for kids interviewed Annabel Bradbury of Cardno about her work as an international development professional. | |
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | TG2 Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2020 | The overall aims of this project are to develop a harmonised approach to measurement of the Rural Access Index (RAI) that is relevant, consistent and sustainable, and which facilitates the implementation of RAI across UN member countries. The project has consolidated existing and proposed approaches to data collection and measurement in collaboration with the World Bank and other stakeholders and presents a refined measurement process designed to minimise inconsistencies in data collection, meet international standards and provide a clear framework for data validation. Supplemental Guidelines have been developed to provide detailed advice on how to measure RAI using geospatial resources. The results of the project have been widely disseminated at a number of global events, and three scientific papers have been prepared. | |
| Investigation of the Suitability of Pre-cast/Pre- Fabricated Modular Bridges for Rural Roads in Nepal – Pilot Study | Fabrication Report: Baugi Bridge, Parsa | TRL Ltd. | Kominek, M.;Workman, R. | 2020 | This research has focused on defining and developing a new modular system of bridge construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. The motivation for this project came from DoLIDAR with their need to construct up to 2,000 new bridges to support the expansion of the rural road network. A modular bridge for Nepal has been designed and is being trialled in two locations, one in Doti district (a hilly area in the far west of Nepal) and one in Parsa district on the flat Terai area of Nepal, to the south west of Kathmandu. This report currently covers the fabrication of the modules for Baugi Bridge in Parsa, on the Terai. | |
| Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar | Progress Report 3 | Gauff Ingenieure GmbH;MMIC | Cook, J.;James, M. | 2020 | The Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar is a project in two stages. Phase 1 was completed in 2018 and documented in April 2018 in a Final Report. Phase 2 covers the planning, structuring, developing and completing the design manual itself. This report follows the same format as the previous Progress Reports with the main changes being the updated work on the Design Manual. It lays out the overall work programme and highlights key issues as regards to the contents and structure of the design manual. In progress Report 3 the original 13 Chapters are available in a draft form and a new Chapter 11 in outline (zero-draft). | |
| Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan | 2nd Stakeholder Workshop Report | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2020 | The Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan project is being implemented through the Ministry of Roads and Bridges (MRB), under the AfCAP technical assistance programme. The purpose of this report is to present a record of proceedings of the second Stakeholder Workshop held at the Grand Hotel in Juba, South Sudan on 30 October 2019. Thirty-eight (38) participants attended the workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to present the Draft Strategic Plan, outlining what should be achieved and how it can be achieved. The workshop was opened by the Minister of Roads and Bridges, Honourable Simon Mijok Mijak. The overall discussions during the workshop provided further input from stakeholders and final recommendations for inclusion in the Strategic Plan to provide guidance for the establishment of the Road Research Centre (RRC). The RRC is primarily to focus on the delivery of research projects, professional services, and capacity building to sustain road sector performance in South Sudan. | |
| Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation and Planning and Prioritisation Toolkit for Low Volume Rural Roads in Afghanistan | Inception Report | ART Consulting;PLANET SA | Kouri, P.;Jasim-Falher, A.;Katsochis, D.;Kaisar, S. | 2020 | This AsCAP research project has two components – the first component involves an analysis of the socio-economic impact evaluation of rural roads in Afghanistan and the second component involves the design and development of a planning and prioritisation toolkit. This Inception Report describes the initial start-up activities including the objectives and scope of the assignment, availability of resources, secondary data, feasibility, design and methodology of the socioeconomic impact and the design of planning and prioritisation toolkit. In addition, this report provides a literature on the recent rural road development projects, socio-economic studies, and planning and prioritisation practices in Afghanistan and other similar countries. | |
| Lignes directrices pour l'intégration de la dimension de genre dans le transport rural | Tanzarn, Nite | 2019 | Ces lignes directrices se fondent sur les conclusions de divers projets d'intégration de la dimension de genre du Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) financé par UKAid, ainsi que sur l'expérience de l'auteur. L'initiative ReCAP regroupe sept projets déployés dans les pays partenaires d'AfCAP (Éthiopie, Ghana, Kenya, Libéria, Sierra Leone, Tanzanie et Ouganda) et d'AsCAP (Népal). L'objectif global des lignes directrices est de proposer un guide étape par étape, le cas échéant, pour intégrer la dimension de genre dans les domaines suivants, en ayant recours à des exemples illustratifs issus de sept projets de recherche : Politique et planification des transports, institutions du secteur des transports, cycle d'amélioration des infrastructures de transport, et fourniture de services de transport. Les lignes directrices seront utiles aux ministères des Transports, autorités routières, fonds routiers, ministères des Travaux publics des gouvernements locaux, agences de la circulation et de la sécurité routière ainsi qu'aux autorités de régulation et opérateurs des transports. | |||
| Design and Implementation of the Pilot Phase of Mentoring Support for Research Personnel in Transport/Road Research Centres | 1st Interim Report | CSIR;ALERT Engineering;Paige-Green Consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B. | 2020 | In order to develop necessary research capacity in its partner countries, ReCAP initiated a three-phased mentoring programme consisting of a Scoping Study (Phase 1), a Mentoring Pilot (Phase 2) and the Roll-Out of the programme to all ReCAP countries (Phase 3). The Mentoring Pilot (Phase 2) is aimed at trialling a methodology for mentoring research personnel and has been initiated in Mozambique and Uganda. This Interim Report describes the results of the mentor/mentee interactions in Kampala, Uganda during September 2019 and in Maputo, Mozambique during October 2019, and the remote mentoring of the mentees by the mentors following these interactions. | |
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System | Final Systems Architectural Design Report | BRRI | Fekpe, E.;Amuzu, M.;Ackaah, W. | 2019 | This report presents the systems architecture that includes the indicators for assessing the benefits of research investments, a detailed description of the Benefit Assessment System (BAS) and the Monitoring and Evaluation(M&E) framework using the indicators. The system architecture is also presented. It describes the structure of the database and M&E website using Open Source software application. The open source software suite is sustainable and presents a simple yet powerful architecture which integrates very well with other open standard application for data visualization and manipulation. | |
| Rural Access Index (RAI) Measurement Tool: Proof of Concept | Final Report | Azavea | Wall, S.;Bernet, R. | 2020 | ReCAP engaged with Azavea to develop a software framework for the Rural Access Index (RAI) Measurement Tool that enables the calculation of the proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road for every country globally. The proof of concept application is complete and the results are available at rai.azavea.com. The tool calculates the RAI value for all countries using open datasets (OpenStreetMap, WorldPop (2019), GRUMP) and the methodology for measuring SDG 9.1.1 developed by the World Bank in 2016, and Supplemental Guidelines developed by TRL. For three trial countries, the tool displays the results of the open data approach, in addition to the results of an approach using data provided by road agencies in each country. | |
| Enhancing rural transport connectivity to regional and international transport networks in Asia and the Pacific | Monograph Series | UNESCAP | UNESCAP | 2019 | This Monograph aims to stimulate a wider discussion on what governments can do to enhance rural transport connectivity to higher level networks, and in doing so, make their rural transport networks more effective conduits for socioeconomic development. It is setting out the case for why vertical connectivity is an important policy objective for transport policymakers at all levels, including rural, state and national; it assesses how different components of transport systems, namely infrastructure, services and nodes, contribute to this connectivity; and examines how rural transport connectivity is being integrated into policymaking and financing decisions, and what kind of data is needed to support these processes. | |
| Scoping study for the establishment of an effective pothole and- patch-repair programme for the rural road network of LGED in Bangladesh | Final Report | CSIR | Komba, J.;Roux, M.;Mvelase, G. | 2020 | This Final Report of this AsCAP project carried out for the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) in Bangladesh, consolidates the project activities undertaken and provides recommendations to be considered by LGED for a more effective methodology for pothole-and-patch-repair. The recommendations in the report cover a) Mobile Maintenance Team (MMT) staffing; b) pothole-repair vehicles and equipment; c) pothole-repair materials/options; d) pothole-repair management and reporting systems; e) options for outsourcing pothole-repair; f) MMT budget requirements, and g) the need for updating LGED guidelines for rural roads maintenance. The report furthermore includes a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), in terms of the evaluation of the life cycle costs associated with selected pothole-repair methods. | |
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | A key part of the RAI project is to present the findings of the TG2 phase of the project, and propose recommendations for TG3, at a stakeholder workshop. This report contains two separate reviews of the two workshops. The first workshop was held in Malawi in August 2019 and included representatives from all stakeholder groups in Malawi, as well as representatives from Ghana. The second workshop was held at the PIARC World Road Congress in Abu Dhabi in October 2019 and included representatives from most ReCAP countries, as well as from key agencies such as the World Bank, UK's Department for International Development, the Asian Development Bank and the African Development Bank. | |
| Climate resilient reinforced concrete structures in coastal environment | Review and updating of LGED Schedule of rates 2017 | Mott MacDonald | Srinivasan, S.;Gibb, I. | 2019 | The first and main part of the project examined the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, recommended cost effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and suggested improvements in construction practice and workmanship necessary to enhance service life. This report provides recommended amendments to the LGED schedule of rates 2017 document to incorporate the specification and requirements for the construction of durable concrete structures in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. | |
| Climate resilient reinforced concrete structures in coastal environment | Workshop and training for LGED site engineers | Mott MacDonald | Srinivasan, S.;Khan Tina, D.Y. | 2019 | The first and main part of this AsCAP project examined the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, recommended cost-effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and suggested improvements in construction practice and workmanship necessary to enhance service life. This report summarises the activities undertaken, training material on best concrete practices, discussion on comments and suggestions provided by LGED engineers at the workshop held on 7th March 2019. | |
| Opportunities to maximise the benefits of motorcycle and motorised three-wheeler taxis in rural Democratic Republic of Congo | Policy Brief | Transaid;Amend | Transaid;Amend | 2020 | This policy brief has been developed based on a 2019 study of motorcycles and motorised three-wheeler taxis in rural areas of DRC. The aim of the study was to improve the current knowledge and understanding concerning the effective ways of enabling rural people to benefit from the safe use of motorcycles and motorised three-wheelers. The results of the study can be used to enhance the operation of these vehicles to provide safe, affordable and socially inclusive access for rural communities. | |
| Enhancing Understanding on Safe Motorcycle and Three Wheeler Use for Rural Transport in DRC | Final Report | Transaid;Amend | Barber, C.;Weijde, K. van der;Bishop, T. | 2020 | This DRC Final Report presents the DRC-specific findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. This project was carried out in DRC between February 2019 and December 2019. The study has revealed that motorcycle taxis are very important for rural travel, and growing in popularity among rural communities. As well as the many benefits that motorcycle taxis provide, riders and passengers are also frequently the victims of road traffic crashes, as well as crime, abuse and health issues. There is a poor level of compliance with existing regulations and training required by law in DRC by riders and capacity shortfalls in terms of enforcement by governmental actors. The results of this study can be used by the DRC government and other key stakeholders to better understand the issues related to the use of motorcycle taxis in rural areas and to develop policy and practice to maximise the benefits and minimise the disbenefits. | |
| Enhancing Understanding on Safe Motorcycle and Three Wheeler Use for Rural Transport in DRC | Discussion Paper: Democratic Republic of Congo | Transaid;Amend | Barber, C.;Weijde, K. van der;Bishop, T. | 2019 | This Discussion Paper presents some DRC-specific findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three- wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. After an initial scoping trip to DRC that took place in February 2019, the research strategy was reviewed and finalised. Activities included a review of the regulatory framework and existing training, a survey of the benefits and disbenefits of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxis, and key informant interviews. The study has revealed that motorcycle taxis are very important for rural travel, and growing in popularity among rural communities. They are especially important for health-related trips and also provide economic advantages, creating employment and supporting agriculture. As well as the many benefits that motorcycle taxis provide, riders and passengers are also frequently the victims of road traffic crashes, as well as crime, abuse and health issues. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | DTU Base Set-Up Report, Volume 1 | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2019 | This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost- effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region. This report describes the activities of the Consultant's team who visited Zambia on two occasions in November 2019 to facilitate the preparations for starting the main training and demonstration activities in December 2019. The status of the inventory, condition and valuation of the Chongwe road network and the various supporting DTU initiatives are described in this report. The Consultants continue to provide remote support between country visits. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Quarterly Progress Report 2 | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Kelly, K.;Jones, S. | 2019 | Mott MacDonald, the University of Cape Town and the University of Birmingham commenced the establishment of a Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) in February 2019. This report is the second Quarterly Progress Report for the project. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Interim Report | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Jones, S.;Zuidgeest, M.;Kelly, K. | 2019 | The project to establish a Centre for sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) has been operational since February 2019 and this Interim Report and Draft Business Plan is the second major deliverable. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana were awarded Host Institution status on a three-month probationary period pending the finalisation of activities, such as selection of Management Staff and agreement of a contract with ReCAP. KNUST were selected based on their current transport and business school strengths, in addition to the synergies they bring through their World Bank funded Transport Education and Research Centre Kumasi (TRECK). The next steps in are to finalise the Business Plan, a contract between KNUST and ReCAP and finalise the curriculum and syllabus so approval for a new programme can be sought from KNUST University Management. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Completion Report for Phase 2 | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Komba, J.;Mokoena, R.;Rampersad, A.;Arnold, K. | 2019 | In order to help address this significant threat to Africa's development, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP), a research programme funded by UKAid, commissioned a project to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This completion report reflects on the achievements of Phase 2 of this project. It addresses the project outcomes with respect to (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections in three priority countries, namely Mozambique, Ethiopia and Ghana; (b) reflects on the outcomes of the workshops and training activities; (c) improvements to the Climate Adaptation Handbook, guidelines and manual, and development of a quantified Vulnerability Index; (d) status of the Country Reports; (e) knowledge dissemination; and (f) cost-benefit analysis for the AfCAP Climate Adaptation project. | |
| Rural Transport Services Indicators: Using a new mixed-methods methodology to inform policy in Ghana | BRRI;Swansea University | Afukaar, F.;Damsere-Derry, J.;Peters, K.;Starkey, P. | 2019 | Rural people need access to markets and services. In developing countries, where private vehicle ownership is limited, villagers depend on public transport services. However, research evidence available to inform policy formulation is often extremely limited. To better understand the characteristics, costs, frequencies and acceptability of rural transport services in Ghana, data was collected using a methodology developed by the International Forum for Rural Transport and Development. This methodology combines traffic count data with structured qualitative interviews with transport users, operators, regulators and local development experts. A key finding concerned motorcycle taxis which, although officially banned in 2012, remain a common sight in rural Ghana and are generally appreciated by transport users and other stakeholders. Following our presentation of findings to an audience of national stakeholders and policy-makers, a consensus emerged to continue restricting commercial motorcycle operations in cities and on highways, but allowing them on rural roads, if combined with appropriate safety training and regulations. These findings feed into an ongoing policy debate about motorcycle taxi transport in Sub-Saharan Africa. | ||
| Improving Transport for All | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU;HVT PMU | 2020 | Flyer of the Improving Transport for All session, organised by the UK aid-funded ReCAP and HVT programmes at the Transforming Transportation 2020 conference. | ||
| Rural Transport Survey Report | Pujehun town-Gbondapi, Pujehun District, Sierra Leone | Ecofin Consultants;Swansea University | Mustapha, S.;Peters, K.;Tunis, N. | 2018 | This survey was held in the framework of the Rural Transport Diagnostic Study for Sierra Leone, sponsored by AfCAP. This study was carried out in the Coastal plains zone in Sierra Leone, focusing on the Pujehun town–Gbondapi rural road in Pujehun District in the Southern Province. The study sought to understand the existing transport systems for the rural communities along and within the road's catchment area. The rapid rural appraisal methodology was used to gain a deep understanding of this, via in-depth qualitative interviews with transport users, operators, regulators and local experts concerned with socio-economic development. The study showed that during non-market days, motorcycle taxis are the main mode of transport. | |
| Rural Transport Survey Report | Kabala-Bafodia, Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone | Ecofin Consultants;Swansea University | Mustapha, S.;Peters, K.;Tunis, N. | 2018 | This survey was held in the framework of the Rural Transport Diagnostic Study for Sierra Leone, sponsored by AfCAP. This study was carried out in the interior plateau zone in Sierra Leone, focusing on the Kabala-Bafodia rural road in Koinadugu District in the Northern Province. The study sought to understand the existing transport services for the rural communities along and within the road's catchment area. The rapid rural appraisal methodology was used to gain a deep understanding of this, via in-depth qualitative interviews with transport users, operators, regulators and local experts concerned with socio-economic development. The study showed that motorcycle taxis are the dominant mode of transport providing daily rural transport services. | |
| Rural Transport Survey Report | Batkanu-Makoth, Bombali District, Sierra Leone | Ecofin Consultants;Swansea University | Mustapha, S.;Peters, K.;Tunis, N. | 2018 | This survey was held in the framework of the Rural Transport Diagnostic Study for Sierra Leone, sponsored by AfCAP. This study was carried out in the interior zone in Sierra Leone, focusing on the Batkanu-Makoth rural road in Bombali District in the Northern Province. The study sought to understand the existing transport services for the rural communities along and within the road's catchment area. Structured but in-depth qualitative interviews with transport users, operators, regulators and those concerned with socio-economic development were conducted, following the rapid rural appraisal methodology. The study showed that motorcycle taxis are the dominant mode of transport providing daily rural transport services. Some taxi cars, pick-up trucks and mini-buses ply the road as well, depending on the time of the year. | |
| Rural Access Index (RAI): Supplemental Guidelines | Measuring Rural Access Using New Technologies | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | This document contains supplemental guidelines to the 2016 RAI methodology (World Bank, 2016). These supplemental guidelines contain detailed, step-by-step procedures for calculation, documentation and publication of RAI (SDG 9.1.1) for a country. They follow the key tenets of the 2016 methodology, emphasising the involvement of National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and government agencies in the process, and providing transparency and consistency in how the RAI is calculated. These guidelines also provide an alternative approach to the ‘all-season' aspect of RAI by focusing on the intended purpose of the road network and the changing risks of accessibility to that network, rather than relying on physical measurements of road condition. They also encourage NSOs to engage with new online tools and platforms such as WorldPop, OpenStreetMap and others to improve the accuracy and accessibility of data and statistics for RAI. | |
| A review of motorcycle and motorised three-wheeler taxi related legislation in Kenya | Amend | Muhia, G.;Bishop, T. | 2018 | Presentation held at 2nd iTRARR Conference, June 2018, Mombasa, Kenya. A DfID-funded research project on ""Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks"", supported by AfCAP and being undertaken in Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda, has explored issues related to motorcycles and three-wheelers in detail. This presentation provides a review of the Kenyan policy and legislation surrounding motorcycles and motorised three-wheelers, together with an assessment of their strengths and weaknesses, and a comparison with policy and legislation in the other project countries. | ||
| A review of motorcycle and motorised three-wheeler taxi related legislation in Kenya | Amend | Muhia, G.;Bishop, T. | 2018 | A DfID-funded research project on "Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks", supported by AfCAP and being undertaken in Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda, has explored issues related to motorcycles and three-wheelers in detail. This paper presents a review of the Kenyan policy and legislation surrounding motorcycles and motorised three-wheelers, together with an assessment of their strengths and weaknesses, and a comparison with policy and legislation in the other project countries. | ||
| Climate resilient reinforced concrete structures in coastal environment | Bangladesh Case Study | Mott MacDonald;Local Government Engineering Department | Srinivasan, S.;Gibb, I.;Khan, E.H. | 2018 | Future changes in climate can have a direct impact on concrete structures especially in the coastal regions by means of increased rates of physical and chemical deterioration processes and increased environmental loading caused by extreme weather events. Adaptation to climate change involves understanding the implications of changes in environmental conditions on existing concrete structures and modifying specifications and standards to design resilient and durable concrete structures. This paper reports the outcome of research project funded by ReCAP (UK AID) to investigates various environmental factors that contribute to the deterioration of concrete structures in the coastal region of Bangladesh and identify solutions to improve the durability of concrete to resist environmental loading for the intended design life of the structure. Condition survey of bridges in the coastal districts indicated that the concrete structures were deteriorating rapidly (within 10-15 years of construction) due to exposure to aggressive marine environment, issues related to poor workmanship, limited availability of good quality materials and lack of awareness on good construction practices. The paper reports on the outcome of an experimental investigation on the performance of local materials aimed at developing concrete mixes which will provide enhanced durability of concrete in future. | |
| Climate resilient reinforced concrete structures in coastal environment | Mott MacDonald | Srinivasan, S. | 2018 | Presentation held at the 2nd iTRARR Conference, June 2018, Mombasa, Kenya. Future changes in climate can have a direct impact on concrete structures especially in the coastal regions by means of increased rates of physical and chemical deterioration processes and increased environmental loading caused by extreme weather events. Adaptation to climate change involves understanding the implications of changes in environmental conditions on existing concrete structures and modifying specifications and standards to design resilient and durable concrete structures. This paper reports the outcome of research project funded by ReCAP (UK AID) to investigates various environmental factors that contribute to the deterioration of concrete structures in the coastal region of Bangladesh and identify solutions to improve the durability of concrete to resist environmental loading for the intended design life of the structure. Condition survey of bridges in the coastal districts indicated that the concrete structures were deteriorating rapidly (within 10-15 years of construction) due to exposure to aggressive marine environment, issues related to poor workmanship, limited availability of good quality materials and lack of awareness on good construction practices. The paper reports on the outcome of an experimental investigation on the performance of local materials aimed at developing concrete mixes which will provide enhanced durability of concrete in future. | ||
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Review Visit and Phase 2 Commencement Report | Intech Associates;Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2019 | A scoping study was carried out January - April 2016, aimed at investigating the location, institutional and management arrangements, organisation requirements and costs of setting up a Tractor Technology Demonstration-Training unit (DTU) for rural roads in Zambia. The proven technology promises to substantially reduce the costs of, and improve sustainability of, maintaining the Zambian unpaved road network. This report describes outcomes of the review visit and start-up activities of Phase 2 of the project carried out by the consultants (Intech Associates), in August 2019, after Phase 1 was completed in April 2018. | |
| Approaching rural road investments with a transport services perspective | Poster | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' research project is studying how the provision and maintenance of low-volume rural roads impact rural transport services and the mobility of people and their goods. The road provision-preservation-services continuum requires an integrated approach to ensure road investments are well-planned, cost-effective and appropriate to rural communities. The paper outlines deficiencies in rural road planning procedures and guidance from rural road impact studies for developing countries. A particular weakness is when major changes in modal composition occur following road investment. To address the issue, the paper draws on recent research from Ethiopia, Liberia, Kenya and Tanzania to show how transport services data can help provide a bridge between rural road investment, and different sectors of the economy. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | CAPSA delegate report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Mukura, K. | 2019 | Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis is a project being carried out in three phases. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were completed whereas Phase 3 started in December 2018 and is scheduled for completion in June 2020. This report presents the outcomes of the low volume roads workshop held at the CAPSA 2019 conference in October 2019, and key points of papers relevant to low volume roads, presented at other sessions of the conference. The workshop at the conference represents part of the dissemination activities of the project. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Phase 3 Fieldwork Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Mukura, K.;Mayanja, M.;Musenero, L.;Leal, D.;Rolt, J. | 2019 | Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis is a project being carried out in three phases. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were completed whereas Phase 3 started in December 2018 and is scheduled for completion in June 2020. This report describes the activities undertaken during the fieldwork stage of Phase 3 including site measurements, sampling of materials for laboratory testing, laboratory testing, and gathering any useful existing data related to the roads and capacity building. The report is an update of previous versions submitted in April and July 2019. | |
| Raising the profile of the Rural Access Index as a vital SDG indicator for measuring rural development and connectivity | Poster | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. The Rural Access Index (RAI) was defined in 2005 as the proportion of a rural population living within 2 km of an all-season road. In 2016 the RAI definition was adopted as Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 9.1.1 requiring regular update of RAI data for the majority of United Nations (UN) countries. ReCAP-funded research is working to develop, propose and obtain agreement on a harmonised approach to data collection and measurement of RAI, and scale up implementation of the RAI across UN member countries, starting with a trial of the proposed measurement framework in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This paper will describe how the measurement approach for the RAI has been refined in order to eradicate inconsistencies in data collection, meet international standards, and provide a clear framework for data quality assurance. | |
| Scoping Study to Explore the Suitability of SDG Indicator 9.1.2 for Rural Access | Inception Report | Sieber, N.;Hine, J.;Dalkmann, H.;Wililo, S.;Mengesha, T.;Poudyal, S. | 2019 | This is a scoping study contributing to the development of Sustainable Development Target (SDG) target 9.1 that seeks to ‘develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all'. This study focuses on Indicator 9.1.2. This report reflects the state of the project after one month of preparatory works and research that has been undertaken. Information is provided about the background of the research, namely the relevant SDG indicators 9.1.1 and 9.1.2. The research methodology consists of four tasks: i) an analysis of the State of the Art, ii) surveys undertaken in three countries (Nepal, Ethiopia and Tanzania) iii) a stakeholder consultation process and iv) a methodological approach for rural transport assessment. | ||
| Design and Implementation of the Pilot Phase of Mentoring Support for Research Personnel in Transport/Road Research Centres | Inception Report | CSIR;ALERT Engineering;Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Araya, A.;Paige-Green, P. | 2019 | One of the principal focus areas of ReCAP is the development of research capacity with the aim to achieve long-term sustainability and self-sufficiency in ReCAP partner countries. In order to support this, ReCAP initiated a three-phased mentoring programme consisting of a Scoping Study (Phase 1), a Mentoring Pilot (Phase 2) and the Roll-Out of the programme to all ReCAP countries (Phase 3). Following a scoping study in Uganda on mentoring of national professional staff on research methods (Phase 1), the Mentoring Pilot (Phase 2) aimed at trialling methodology for mentoring research personnel has been initiated in Mozambique and Uganda. This Inception Report presents the methodology that is proposed for the training of research staff on the essential components of research in order to provide the mentees with a bespoke toolbox of skills focussed on their particular development needs. | |
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision | Phase 2-3 Brief Progress Report | TRL | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2019 | The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' project is examining how investments in low-volume rural road (LVRR) construction (provision) and maintenance (preservation) affect rural transport services (RTS).This statement reports progress in the Phase 2 tasks, which will involve surveys on LVRRs in one Asian and one African country. Visits were made to Ghana, Nepal and Tanzania to view possible roads and related RTS datasets. While all three countries provided helpful lessons relating to engineering issues and RTS, the ‘before' datasets from Nepal and Tanzania were more comprehensive, so these countries were prioritised for surveys. Survey instruments have been developed and enumerators have been trained in both countries. Surveys in Nepal will commence in August 2019. In Tanzania, survey commencement depends on the requested research permissions being granted by the government. | |
| Speciliazed Technical Session on Sustainable Transport | ReCAP;SSATP | 2019 | The specialised technical session on Sustainable Transport was organised jointly by ReCAP, SSATP and ARMFA at the SSATP annual general meeting 2019. | |||
| Guidelines for a holistic approach to sustainable climate adaptation and resilience for rural road infrastructure in Africa | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N. | 2019 | Presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019, this presentation provides the Sub-Sahara African perspective on climate change and the implications in particular for rural communities, bearing the majority of consequences following inaction. The presentation explains the background to the ReCAP Climate Adaptation project, which looked to develop regional guidance on the development of climate resilient road infrastructure. The critical need for embedment and mainstreaming in road engineering practices as well as national policies, information systems, thinking and local capacities is highlighted. The presentation contains a summary of typical issues encountered in climate change adaptation in African countries and recommended actions for a way forward. | ||
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Poster | CDS | Geddes, R. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. The sustainable provision of road infrastructure in developing countries is essential for allowing the rural population to access markets, basic services and employment opportunities. However, with limited funds available and low management capacity in rural roads agencies, a large proportion of the rural road network in Africa remains in poor condition. ReCAP is supporting research aimed at fostering higher levels of accountability and introducing sound road asset management practices in rural road agencies. A key finding of the project is the need to build a conducive policy environment for rural road management, encourage involvement of stakeholders and widen the options for sustainable funding of road maintenance works. | |
| A new analytical framework for road safety decision making in Sierra Leone | Poster | FRED Engineering | Tripodi, A. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. Road safety has been identified as a key aspect of rural access and mobility development in Sierra Leone. Having established a policy to reduce the burden of deaths and disabilities through road traffic crashes in the country, the Government of Sierra Leone was seeking to ensure that appropriate strategies are identified and applied to address road safety needs, based on analytical methods. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive road traffic crash database was developed to capture crash data and to provide a better understanding of the road safety needs so that appropriate interventions can be applied. | |
| Climate Change Adaptation in the African Roads Sector: Constraints, Opportunities and Policy Challenges | Poster | CSIR | Maritz, J. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. To enhance the capacity of roads authorities to reduce the current and future impacts of climate change on rural roads, a project was initiated by the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP), a research programme funded by UK Aid, to focus on climate adaptation in this sector. Through research and knowledge sharing, the objective was to compile pragmatic, cost-beneficial engineering and non-engineering procedures and guidance that could be used to direct roads sector institutions to address climate threats. A methodology for carrying out climate adaptation assessments for rural roads was developed and packaged into a handbook and series of linked guideline documents. The project further looked at addressing capacity enhancement in the AfCAP partner countries to ensure a strong focus on embedment and uptake. | |
| Landslide management on the Ugandan national road network | Poster | Uganda National Roads Authority | Lekea, A. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. Landslides are recurring natural phenomena that occur frequently in the Ugandan mountain areas of Rwenzori, Mufumbiro and Elgon. Maintaining the stability of the road reserve and its associated engineering assets is a priority for the Uganda National Road Authority, and this requires a focus not only on earthworks slopes but also the wider terrain in which the road is constructed. A web-based landslide data inventory has been set up within the Uganda National Road Authority to record landslide events and impacts and this will be combined with other GIS and remote sensing sources to develop a map of hazard-prone areas. The establishment of guidelines to maximise environmental and social benefits through optimum management of the road reserve, integrating engineering with community participation and agricultural extension would also be of benefit to future practice. | |
| The Expansion of Three-Wheeler Transport Services: the Case of Qingqis in Pakistan | Poster | IMC Worldwide;University of Lahore | Starkey, P.;Batool, Z.;Younis, W. | 2019 | Poster presented at 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. The growth of three-wheeler transport services has accelerated in the past two decades, following rapid increases in the production of affordable motorcycles and three-wheelers in Asian countries. In Pakistan, Qingqi is a generic term (proprietary eponym) for a motorcycle-based three-wheeler, used for urban or rural public transport services. On-going AsCAP research is examining technological, economic, social, environmental and safety aspects of Qingqi operations. Their advantages and disadvantages are being identified from the different perspectives of the regulators, owners, operators and the diverse users (disaggregated for gender, age, disabilities, trip-purpose, etc). The research is providing evidence-based understanding of the current role of Qingqis, in order to identify appropriate policies and strategies for Qingqis (or suggested alternative means of public transport) that will be acceptable to, and affordable by, the key stakeholders. | |
| The Role of Knowledge Management in the Uptake and Embedment of Rural Transport Research | Poster | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C.;Cook.J. | 2019 | Poster presented at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress 2019. It is accepted that rural road infrastructure and associated transport services are essential in providing the reliable, affordable and sustainable access to important services and markets for poor communities, hence under-pinning key UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Over the last three decades the UK Department For International Development (DFID), through UK aid, amongst other organisations, has supported significant advances in relevant applied research aimed at improving the effectiveness and sustainability of this infrastructure and transport services. However, important challenges remain as to the uptake and implementation of new research outcomes and the application of new knowledge in the rural transport sector. This poster outlines, with examples, the approach of the UK aid-funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) in overcoming the challenges inherent in the application of research through more effective knowledge management. | |
| Use of the DCP-DN Design Method in LVRR Design and Construction | Practitioners Memo | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2019 | This memo is to inform practitioners in rural road design and construction about the outcomes of a study looking into the cost-effectiveness and value for money of the DCP-DN method for design and construction of low volume rural roads. | |
| Evaluation of cost-effectiveness and value for money of DCP-DN pavement design method for low volume roads compared to conventional designs | Final Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Zyl, G. Van; Hongve, J. | 2019 | The main purpose of the project is to evaluate, in terms of cost-effectiveness (upfront cost savings and life-cycle costs) and value-for-money, a number of unpaved road sections located in selected African countries that were upgraded to a paved standard using the DCP-DN method. Additional objectives are to evaluate the outcome (uptake) and potential impact of the DCP-DN method. The conclusion to be drawn from the very wide range of design evaluations is that, in general, the DCP-DN method is the most cost-effective design option at relatively low TLCs, up to about 0.7 MESA and across all subgrade strengths. However, at TLCs above 0.7 MESA the method gradually becomes less cost effective than the other methods, particularly ORN31, which become more cost-effective in many situations. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Management of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Mozambique | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | Roux, A. Le;Head, M.;Arnold, K;Roux, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Engelbrecht, F.;Makhanya, S.;Paige-Green, P. | 2019 | AfCAP commissioned a project in April 2016 to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. The output will assist the development of a climate resilient road network that reaches fully into and between rural communities.The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This document is a country report on Mozambique on the management of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change using the principles and recommendations set out in the AfCAP Climate Adaptation Handbook and the relevant associated Guidelines. This report concludes with final actions flowing from an embedment workshop and engagements held in April 2018. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Mohambe-Maqueze Demonstration Sections in Mozambique: Design and Construction Report | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Komba, J.;Verhaeghe, B.;Langa, R.;Dzimba, M.;Alfinete, I. | 2019 | AfCAP commissioned a project to a CSIR-led consortium to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. The output assists the development of a climate-resilient road network that reaches fully into and between rural communities. Part A of the project consisted of three Work Packages (WPs), one for each of the AfCAP lead countries (i.e. Mozambique, Ghana and Ethiopia), and focused on the physical implementation of demonstration sections as well as “soft” demonstrators linked to vulnerability assessments and road asset management. The focus of this report is on the Mozambique demonstration project. A 50 km gravel (unpaved) road between Mohambe and Maqueze in the Gaza province were identified for the construction of demonstration sections. Four locations were selected and design solutions (adaptation measures) were developed to address the identified problems at the sections. The construction of the four demonstration sections was completed in May 2019. This report covers a) the assessment and the identification of the problems; b) design of the solutions, and c) construction of the demonstration sections. | |
| Embedment of Climatic Effects in the Road Asset Management Process | CSIR | Roux, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress, 6-10 October 2019, Abu Dhabi. As part of an AfCAP Climate Adaptation study, a Climate Threat and Vulnerability Assessment Methodology has been developed that can be applied at a national level to facilitate the identification of regions/districts where the road infrastructure is most vulnerable to a changing climate in terms of the impact on rural accessibility. A second methodology for the assessment of climate risk and vulnerability of rural access roads at a local level has also been developed. The outcomes from these assessments are a number of indices, both separate and combined, that can be used to rank roads and structures in terms of priority for maintenance or adaptation. | ||
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Final Report | CDS | Geddes, R.;Bopoto, C.;Lema, C.;Muhia, G.;Gongera, K.;Pinard, M. | 2019 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) has provided technical assistance and capacity building initiatives to foster sustainable improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries that participated in the project are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and the Western Cape region of South Africa. District road networks were selected in each country as a focus for the research project. Central to the research methodology was the development of a specification to enable road agencies to assess their performance in asset management as a basis for self-improvement. Simple tools were developed and piloted in the participating countries. As a result of undertaking the project, there is now an increased awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach to road asset management. This Final Report summarises the activities and outcomes over a three-year period from November 2015 to the end of 2018. | |
| Widening the Scope of Pavement Materials for Use in the Provision of Low Volume Sealed Roads | TRL | Otto, A.;Mukura, K.;Rolt, J.;Musenero, L. | 2019 | Workshop presentation held at the 12th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa (CAPSA), Sun City, October 2019. The presentation provides an overview of the regional Back Analysis project undertaken in the framework of AfCAP. It addresses its background, study methodology, proposed revisions, selected case studies, conclusions to date and further research recommendations. | ||
| Gender and Rural Transport Connectivity | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the UNESCAP Expert Meeting on "Enhancing Rural Transport Connectivity to Regional and International Transport Networks" in Bangkok, July 2019. The presentation provides an overview of the cluster of projects on gender mainstreaming in (rural) transport that was implemented over 2015-2017, the approach taken, its significance, outcomes and recommendations. It provides an overview of the Gender mainstreaming guidelines that were conceived based on the outcomes of the project cluster. | ||
| Designing Climate-Resilient Roads for Long-Term Rural Access | Technical Brief | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | 2018 | The technical brief provides an overview of the AfCAP project on Climate Resilience for rural road networks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its overall aim was to secure the welfare and adaptive capacity of vulnerable rural communities by enabling SSA countries to mitigate current and future climate impacts on low volume roads, thereby ensuring climate-resilient access to markets and services. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note February 2019 | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | 2019 | This Briefing Note No 7 of February 2019 provides an update on the Africa regional project on Climate Adaptation. It addresses in particular the embedment of climate change aspects in road asset management systems. It provides recommendations on how to integrate climate change risk assessments in the road asset management practices. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note January 2018 | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | 2018 | This Briefing Note No 6 of January 2018 provides an update on the Africa regional project on Climate Adaptation. It introduces the draft Handbook and Guidelines that were developed based on the research undertaken in the project. It describes the Handbook's methodology and summarises the results of trials of the Hanbook in Ethiopia, Ghana and Mozambique by using previously identified climate adaptation demonstration sections for both hands-on training and validation. | |
| Raising the profile of the Rural Access Index as a vital SDG indicator for measuring rural development and connectivity | TRL;ReCAP PMU | Workman, R.;McPherson, K.;Bradbury, A. | 2019 | The Rural Access Index (RAI) was defined in 2005 as the proportion of a rural population living within 2 km of an all-season road. In 2016 the RAI definition was adopted as Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 9.1.1 requiring regular update of RAI data for the majority of United Nations (UN) countries. ReCAP-funded research is working to develop, propose and obtain agreement on a harmonised approach to data collection and measurement of RAI, and scale up implementation of the RAI across UN member countries, starting with a trial of the proposed measurement framework in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This paper will describe how the measurement approach for the RAI has been refined in order to eradicate inconsistencies in data collection, meet international standards, and provide a clear framework for data quality assurance. | ||
| Potential for measurement of the Rural Access Index in the future | TRL | Workman, R. | 2019 | The Rural Access Index (RAI) was defined in 2005 as the proportion of a rural population living within 2 km of an all-season road. In 2016 the RAI definition was adopted as Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 9.1.1 requiring regular update of RAI data for the majority of United Nations (UN) countries. At present, the methodology for the RAI is being refined with ReCAP funding and a clearer way forward was identified to accelerate progress within its geographical coverage. This paper explores alternative method of RAI measurement for the future, using satellite imagery, mobile phone data and a range of alternative technologies. Some of these are likely to be possible in the short term, but others are looking beyond the horizon and will require a leap in technology to become feasible. | ||
| Approaching rural road investments with a transport services perspective | TRL | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2019 | The ‘Interactions: Maintenance-Provision of Access for Rural Transport Services (IMPARTS)' research project is studying how the provision and maintenance of low-volume rural roads impact rural transport services and the mobility of people and their goods. The road provision-preservation-services continuum requires an integrated approach to ensure road investments are well-planned, cost-effective and appropriate to rural communities. The paper outlines deficiencies in rural road planning procedures and guidance from rural road impact studies for developing countries. A particular weakness is when major changes in modal composition occur following road investment. To address the issue, the paper draws on recent research from Ethiopia, Liberia, Kenya and Tanzania to show how transport services data can help provide a bridge between rural road investment, and different sectors of the economy. | ||
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Sixth Quarterly Progress Report | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Makanya, S.;Komba, J.;Paige-Green, P.;Maritz, J.;Roux, A. Le | 2019 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased project to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This sixth Quarterly Progress Report outlines the progress that has been made since September 2018, i.e. it covers the period from September 2018 to February 2019. It primarily focusses on the following activities/events: (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections in Mozambique; (b) embedment workshop held in Ghana; (c) status of the climate adaptation handbook, guidelines and manual; (d) development of a quantified Vulnerability Index; (e) knowledge dissemination; (f) status of the country reports; (g) preliminary work plan for Phase 3; and (h) preliminary cost-benefit analysis for the AfCAP Climate Adaptation project. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Fifth Quarterly Progress Report | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.:Maritz, J.;Arnold, K.;Roux, A. Le;Paige-Green, P.;Roux, M. | 2018 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased project to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This fifth Quarterly Progress Report outlines the progress that has been made since the fourth Quarterly Progress Report of May 2018, i.e. it covers the period from June 2018 to August 2018. It primarily focusses on the following five activities/events: (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections; (b) feedback on the embedment workshops and meetings held in Ethiopia and Ghana; (c) improvements to the Engineering Adaptation Guidelines; (d) status of the country reports; and (e) knowledge dissemination. | |
| Rural Access Index (RAI): Update and Next Steps | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the UNESCAP Expert Meeting on ""Enhancing Rural Transport Connectivity to Regional and International Transport Networks"" in Bangkok, July 2019. The presentation summarises the ReCAP sponsored research that looks into the consolidations and validation of a revised methodology to measure the RAI. | ||
| A Review of the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads: Development and Applications | Tshwane University of Technology;Mycube | Paige-Green, P.;Zyl, G. van | 2019 | Widespread implementation of the DCP-DN design method for low volume roads has been promoted internationally over the past decade or so. The method has progressed from a simple determination of the in situ CBR investigation based on DCP-CBR correlations with respective cover requirements to a more sophisticated method using the DCP penetration data directly and omitting any need to use correlations with the CBR. This paper summarises the development of the method, and some of its advantages and compares the design structures with other recognised and widely implemented designs. | ||
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Management of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Ghana | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting;St Helen's Consulting | Head,M.;Arnold, K.;Roux, A. Le;Roux, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Engelbrecht, F.;Makhanya, S.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | AfCAP commissioned a project in April 2016 to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. The output will assist the development of a climate resilient road network that reaches fully into and between rural communities. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This report is a Country Report on Ghana on the management of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change using the principles and recommendations set out in the AFCAP Climate Adaptation Handbook and the relevant associated guidelines. | |
| Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) in Malawi | Final Manuals Review Workshop Report | Infra Africa Pty | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2019 | In connection with the ReCAP-supported project on the Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) in Malawi, a two-day Manuals Review Workshop was held on 21-22 March 2019. The objective of the workshop was to provide an opportunity for comments by the Technical Steering Committee (TSC) on the draft documentation submitted to them. There was wide-ranging feedback from the TSC members in terms of clarifications sought and comments and suggestions made on the 1st Draft Manuals. There were no issues of a significant nature that would change the substance of the current 1st Draft Manuals. The Final Draft Manuals will be revised on the basis of the comments made by the TSC at the workshop. | |
| Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan | 1st Stakeholder Workshop Report | CSIR | Mgangira, M.;Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2019 | The Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan project is being implemented through the Ministry of Roads and Bridges (MRB), under the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) technical assistance programme. The project is aimed at building sustainable road research capacity in the country. The purpose of this report is to present a record of proceedings of the 1st Stakeholder Workshop held in Juba, South Sudan on 20 June 2019. The purpose of the workshop was to present feedback on the findings from the consultative meetings held between the project team and key stakeholders of the South Sudan road sector. In addition, the workshop sought to secure agreement on a number of requisite core aspects, including enhancing national awareness and ownership of the Road Research Centre establishment project. | |
| The Expansion of Three-Wheeler Transport Services: the Case of Qingqis in Pakistan | IMC Worldwide;University of Lahore | Starkey, P.;Batool, Z.;Younis, W. | 2019 | The growth of three-wheeler transport services has accelerated in the past two decades, following rapid increases in the production of affordable motorcycles and three-wheelers in Asian countries. In Pakistan, Qingqi is a generic term (proprietary eponym) for a motorcycle-based three-wheeler, used for urban or rural public transport services. On-going AsCAP research is examining technological, economic, social, environmental and safety aspects of Qingqi operations. Their advantages and disadvantages are being identified from the different perspectives of the regulators, owners, operators and the diverse users (disaggregated for gender, age, disabilities, trip-purpose, etc). The research is providing evidence-based understanding of the current role of Qingqis, in order to identify appropriate policies and strategies for Qingqis (or suggested alternative means of public transport) that will be acceptable to, and affordable by, the key stakeholders. | ||
| Embedment of Climatic Effects in the Road Asset Management Process | CSIR;Paige-Green Consulting | Roux, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Maritz, J.;Arnold, K.;Roux, A. le;Paige-Green, P. | 2019 | As part of an AfCAP Climate Adaptation study, a Climate Threat and Vulnerability Assessment Methodology has been developed that can be applied at a national level to facilitate the identification of regions/districts where the road infrastructure is most vulnerable to a changing climate in terms of the impact on rural accessibility. A second methodology for the assessment of climate risk and vulnerability of rural access roads at a local level has also been developed. Both the district level and local level assessments make use of climate threat data, road network data and socio-economic data. The outcomes from these assessments are a number of indices, both separate and combined, that can be used to rank roads and structures in terms of priority for maintenance or adaptation. Once roads and structures have been ranked in terms of priority for maintenance or adaptation and maintenance and adaptation activities can then be planned, designed and implemented to lead to a rural road network that is more resilient to the impacts of climate change. The assessment methods presented here should be embedded in road asset management systems, as these are the most appropriate vehicle to store the input data, perform the analysis and apply the outputs in the broader road asset management environment. | ||
| Climate Change Adaptation in the African Roads Sector: Constraints, Opportunities and Policy Challenges | CSIR | Maritz, J.;Arnold, K.;Roux, M.;Roux, A. Le;Verhaeghe, B. | 2019 | To enhance the capacity of roads authorities to reduce the current and future impacts of climate change on rural roads, a project was initiated by the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP), a research programme funded by UK Aid, to focus on climate adaptation in this sector. Through research and knowledge sharing, the objective was to compile pragmatic, cost-beneficial engineering and non-engineering procedures and guidance that could be used to direct roads sector institutions to address climate threats. A methodology for carrying out climate adaptation assessments for rural roads was developed and packaged into a handbook and series of linked guideline documents. The project further looked at addressing capacity enhancement in the AfCAP partner countries to ensure a strong focus on embedment and uptake. | ||
| Landslide management on the Ugandan national road network | Hearn Georeserve Ltd;UNRA | Hearn, G.;Lekea, A.;Mbabazi, E.;Ruse, M.;Oostenrijk, A. van | 2019 | Landslides are recurring natural phenomena that occur frequently in the Ugandan mountain areas of Rwenzori, Mufumbiro and Elgon. Maintaining the stability of the road reserve and its associated engineering assets is a priority for the Uganda National Road Authority, and this requires a focus not only on earthworks slopes but also the wider terrain in which the road is constructed. A web-based landslide data inventory has been set up within the Uganda National Road Authority to record landslide events and impacts and this will be combined with other GIS and remote sensing sources to develop a map of hazard-prone areas. The establishment of guidelines to maximise environmental and social benefits through optimum management of the road reserve, integrating engineering with community participation and agricultural extension would also be of benefit to future practice. | ||
| A systems-based R&D management model for the road and transport engineering sector applied to a community access roads and transport research programme | Rust, C.;Sampson, L. | 2019 | A conceptual non-linear, systems-based R&D management model for the road and transport sector was developed to address the associated complexities of transport and road research. It takes account of all the elements of the innovation value chain as well as stakeholders. It stimulates systems-thinking in the R&D management process and allows for a non-linear approach to the process with a number of process pathways, both ‘backward' (back casting) and ‘forward' thinking, thus facilitating eventual impact and uptake. It includes an impact assessment ‘sensor' that influences the process of R&D management. The model was used to augment key performance indicators in an existing transport and road research programme. It was shown that a systems-based approach can improve the impact assessment indicators of an R&D programme in a community access roads and transport research programme. | |||
| Scoping Study for Establishment of an Effective Pothole and Patch Repair Programme for the Rural Road Network of LGED in Bangladesh | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Komba, J.;Roux, M.;Mvelase, G. | 2019 | The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) in Bangladesh requested support from the Asia Community Access Partnership (AsCAP) to undertake a scoping study for the establishment of an effective pothole-and-patch-repair programme for the rural road network of LGED in Bangladesh. The scoping study will culminate in a scoping report detailing the options for a suitably revised methodology and recommendations for the adoption of a countrywide pothole-and-patch-repair programme. This Inception Report highlights key activities carried out during the project inception phase that took place between 11 June and 30 July 2019. It reports on the project kick-off meeting held on 11 June 2019 and the consultative meetings with senior LGED officials, as well as field visits during the in-country visit to Bangladesh between 29 June and 20 July 2019. The report also lays out the work programme, the project team and management, as well as the quality and risk management plans. | |
| Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar | Progress Report 2 | Gauff Ingenieure GmbH;MMIC | Berentsen, C.;Cook, J. | 2019 | The Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar is a project in two stages. Phase 1 was completed in 2018 and documented in April 2018 in a Final Report. Phase 2 covers the planning, structuring, developing and completing the design manual itself. This report is the second of three progress reports and covers the period from mid-May to mid-July 2019 and outlines the work done so far in developing the manual. | |
| Protocolo para Melhoraria da Proficiência dos Laboratórios de Ensaios de Materiais em Moçambique | Relatório Final | CDS | Pearce, B.;Geddes, R. | 2019 | O Programa Piloto de ensaios de Proficiência (PTS) para Moçambique está a desenvolver uma linha de base para os limites de precisão para os ensaios comuns de materiais de construção para estradas. A linha de base tem sido usada para avaliar a capacidade dos laboratórios e identificar as limitações e as necessidades em treinamento específico e outras intervenções necessárias. O objectivo deste relatório é resumir o processo da implementação do programa de ensaio de proficiência, incluindo os resultados da terceira ronda do PTS, recomendações finais sobre a pertinência em relação a permanência do programa PTS em Moçambique. | |
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | Final Report | CDS | Pearce, B.;Geddes, R. | 2019 | The pilot Proficiency Testing Scheme (PTS) for Mozambique is developing a baseline for the precision limits for the common tests on road construction materials. The baseline has been used to assess laboratory capacity and identify where constraints lie and where specific training and other interventions may be required. The purpose of this report is to summarise the process for the implementation of the proficiency testing scheme including the results of the third round of the PTS, and final recommendations on a permanent PTS operation for Mozambique. | |
| Monitoring and Evaluation of Low Volume Road Trial Sections in Kenya | Monitoring Report No. 3 | Across Africa Consultants Ltd | Onguko, G.;Waweru, B. | 2019 | The second monitoring round was conducted in October 2018 on four roads namely: D379, D382, D435 and E511.The activities carried out during this round were, traffic count survey, DCP, rut depth measurements, roughness measurements and Present Serviceability Rating. All the roads are performing well except D382 which has developed potholes big enough to prevent vehicles from using the right lane. This is evident in the roughness measurement result as well as high rut average of 18.8mm. The AADT for all the sections increased except for D435. The increase in AADT indicates that the trial sections are increasingly opening up rural areas to nearby urban centres for economic activities. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Progress Report 5 | Helvetas | Branney, P.;Pandey, G. | 2019 | This report describes the progress with project activities and milestones from 1st May to 31th July 2019. Activities completed during this period include: plant growth monitoring, manuring and weeding at pilot sites, refresher training for RUGs on financial management and record keeping, follow-up meetings with municipalities and Province #1 (not yet named) for RoW policy related issues. During the reporting period, the Mid-Term Review report was shared with concerned stakeholders and actions were started to implement the recommendations. Manual preparation continued by the project team in consultation with concerned stakeholders. Additional activities during this reporting period included capacity building training on advance farming technology for cash crops and value chain-based marketing for broom grass. Similarly, joint monitoring was carried out with the DoLI team at both planting sites and replacement planting (as required) was carried out. | |
| Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan | Preliminary Findings Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2019 | South Sudan is in the process of establishing a Road Research Centre (RRC). To achieve this, it is necessary to develop and establish a robust strategy for research that will support the development of the new RRC. AfCAP is providing technical assistance to the South Sudan Ministry of Roads and Bridges for the development and support to the implementation of a strategy for the establishment of the RRC. A situational assessment study is necessary in order to develop a strategic plan that is responsive to the country's needs. Information gathering has been conducted through documentation review and consultative meetings with key stakeholders in the road sector in South Sudan.The findings are preliminary, and provide the basis for developing the key objectives and strategy for the establishment of the RRC, to ensure sustainable research capacity in the road sector in South Sudan. | |
| Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) In Zambia | Final Inception Workshop Report | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. | 2018 | A 1-day Inception Workshop was held on Tuesday 26 June, 2018 at the Golden Zambezi Lodge, Lusaka, with the objectives of: (1) providing an overview of the preparatory stages of the project; (2) outlining the approach and methodology for carrying out the remainder of the project, (3) presenting the outcome of an initial literature review of relevant documents pertaining to the development of a Pavement Design Manual and a Geometric Design Manual for low volume roads, and (4) discussing the proposed Table of Contents for both manuals. The proposed Table of Contents for the manuals was discussed and generally agreed with the Technical Steering Committee (TSC), with the addition of chapters on Hydrology & Drainage Structures and Life-Cycle Costing. | |
| Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) In Zambia | 1st Draft Manuals Review Workshop Report | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2018 | A two-day Manuals Review Workshop was held on Wednesday 29th and Thursday 30th August, 2018 to present the 1st Draft Manuals to members of the Technical Steering Committee (TSC) that are overseeing the development of the Pavement and Geometric Design Manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) in Zambia. The objective of the workshop was to present PowerPoint summaries of all chapters of the two manuals with a view to obtaining verbal comments at the workshop and, subsequently, written comments from the TSC. The workshop was attended by 8 members from the TSC who represent a number of public and private sector stakeholders' organisations, including academic institutions, in Zambia. | |
| Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh | Report on Dynamic Illustration of GIS Application | Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP);Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | 2018 | A web-based application tool, the Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM), has been developed for Bangladesh. RPPM has some limitations in its mapping feature. The main purpose of this prototype illustration study is to customise RPPM to illustrate that the information in the road and GIS databases can be effectively used to show the spatial features and socio-economic facilities along a road. This study has produced a tool as part of RPPM for the prototype mapping illustration of selected roads with spatial socio-economic features. | |
| Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh | Report of the Training of Trainers (ToT) | Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP);Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | 2018 | The Department of Urban and Regional Planning of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) in collaboration with LGED, has implemented a project to develop an appropriate planning and prioritisation model for the rural roads in Bangladesh. A two-day Training of the Trainers (ToT) programme on Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM) was organised on January 20-21, 2018 as an output of the project. The programme was jointly organised by the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in association with the LGED. The purpose of ToT was to train LGED professionals as trainers to facilitate on-going uptake of the Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM). | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Rural Road Asset Management | CDS;UNRA;SLRA;RDA | Geddes, R.;Mbabzi, E.;Amara, T.;Chilonda, P. | 2019 | The sustainable provision of road infrastructure in developing countries is essential for allowing the rural population to access markets, basic services and employment opportunities. However, with limited funds available and low management capacity in rural roads agencies, a large proportion of the rural road network in Africa remains in poor condition. ReCAP is supporting research aimed at fostering higher levels of accountability and introducing sound road asset management practices in rural road agencies. A key finding of the project is the need to build a conducive policy environment for rural road management, encourage involvement of stakeholders and widen the options for sustainable funding of road maintenance works. | ||
| The Role of Knowledge Management in Ensuring that the Outcomes of Rural Transport Research are Effectively Applied in Practice | ReCAP PMU; ReCAP Technical Panel | Visser, C.;Cook, J. | 2019 | It is accepted that rural road infrastructure and associated transport services are essential in providing the reliable, affordable and sustainable access to important services and markets for poor communities, hence under-pinning key UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Over the last three decades the UK Department For International Development (DFID), through UK aid, amongst other organisations, has supported significant advances in relevant applied research aimed at improving the effectiveness and sustainability of this infrastructure and transport services. However, important challenges remain as to the uptake and implementation of new research outcomes and the application of new knowledge in the rural transport sector. This paper outlines, with examples, the approach of the UK aid-funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) in overcoming the challenges inherent in the application of research through more effective knowledge management. | ||
| A New Analytical Framework for Road Safety Decision-Making in Sierra Leone | FRED Engineering;University of Sierra Leone;ReCAP PMU | Tripodi, A.;Wurie, N.;Agyekum, P. | 2019 | Paper presented at the 26th PAIARC World Road Congress 2019. Road safety has been identified as a key aspect of rural access and mobility development in Sierra Leone. Having established a policy to reduce the burden of deaths and disabilities through road traffic crashes in the country, the Government of Sierra Leone was seeking to ensure that appropriate strategies are identified and applied to address road safety needs, based on analytical methods. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive road traffic crash database was developed to capture crash data and to provide a better understanding of the road safety needs so that appropriate interventions can be applied. | ||
| Knowledge retention in the rural transport sector | Knowledge Overviews | Transaid | Transaid | 2019 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts is being implemented by Transaid in 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. This file contains an overview of knowledge, literature and knowledge gaps on the themes of the ReCAP research strategy, i.e. access provision, access preservation, access services and cross-cutting themes. | |
| Knowledge retention in the rural transport sector | Knowledge Mapping | Transaid | Transaid | 2019 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts is being implemented by Transaid in 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. This document contains a knowledge map, positioning the participating senior experts according to their specific fields of expertise along the themes of the ReCAP research strategies (access provision, access preservation, access services and cross-cutting themes). | |
| Knowledge retention in the rural transport sector | Expert Profiles | Transaid | Transaid | 2019 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts is being implemented by Transaid in 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. This document contains the profiles of the senior experts that have collaborated in this project. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Climate Adaptation Handbook | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Head, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Roux, A. le;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K. | 2019 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This Handbook covers part of item (a) and contributes towards (b) and (c) above. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Guidelines | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Le Roux, A.;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K.;Roux, M. | 2019 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study addresses the issues of appropriate and economical methodologies for vulnerability and risk assessments; prioritisation of adaptation interventions; and optimisation of asset resilience in the context of rural access low-volume roads. In addition, evidence of cost and economic and social benefit links to rural communities arising from more resilient rural access will be provided to support wider policy adoption across Africa. In this guideline, users are guided through the process of conducting a climate threat and vulnerability study at national/ regional and project level by applying the developed semi-quantitative AfCAP risk and vulnerability assessment framework. This framework is used to highlight high-risk areas in terms of climate impacts on low-volume access roads. The results of such an application are meant to guide and support decision making and prioritisation when adapting existing and new road infrastructure to the impacts of climate change. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Change Management Guidelines | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Head, M.;Verhaeghe B.;Maritz, J | 2019 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. An independent Climate Adaptation Handbook has been developed that particularly addresses part (a) of this study focus in detail as well as paying attention to aspects relating to parts (b), (c) and (d). The Guideline presented in this document acts as a supporting document to the Handbook and is specifically aimed at providing change management guidelines relating to non-engineering adaptation options. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Engineering Adaptation Guidelines | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Paige-Green, P.; Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M. | 2019 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. In this Guideline, engineering adaptation options related to the various climatic stressors are presented. The crucial importance of effective drainage and timely and appropriate maintenance is highlighted. Adaptation techniques for handling the expected changes in temperature and precipitation, windiness, sea level rise and more frequent extreme events are identified and discussed. These are specifically related to unpaved roads, paved roads, sub-grade materials, earthworks and drainage within and outside the road reserve as well as possible implications for construction activities. The impacts on maintenance practices are also highlighted and guidance given. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Visual Assessment Manual | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Paige-Green, P.; Verhaeghe, B.;Roux, M. | 2019 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This manual describes the nature and collection of the type of data that constitute inputs for climate resilience assessments and the implementation of appropriate adaptation techniques, which is normally not part of the routine data collection for asset management purposes. This includes issues such as erosion, problem soils, drainage from the road and its near environment as well as from outside the road reserve, instability of embankments and cuttings, construction issues and maintenance problems. For expedience and to minimise costs, this should be done during the routine visual condition assessments, by the assessment teams or others trained specifically for the purpose. Based on the typical problems expected, the assessments are probably best done by those with a geotechnical, engineering geological or geomorphological background. A standard form for recording the data is provided. | |
| Overview ReCAP activities at PIARC WRC | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2019 | This document provides an overview of ReCAP related activities at the 26th PIARC World Road Congress, 6-10 October 2019, Abu Dhabi. | ||
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | Progress Report 2 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K. | 2019 | The overall aim of this project is to develop a harmonised approach to data collection and measurement of the Rural Access Index (RAI) that is relevant, consistent and sustainable. The current phase, Task Group 2 (TG2), will consolidate existing and proposed approaches to data collection and revise the RAI methodology in collaboration with the World Bank and other stakeholders. This progress report covers activities undertaken from March to June 2019. All pilot countries have been visited; Ghana, Malawi, Myanmar and Nepal; and draft supplemental guidelines have been developed to enhance the current RAI methodology. This has been presented to stakeholders and feedback is being incorporated with a view to producing the final document. Options for hosting and publishing the RAI data are also being explored. | |
| Guidelines for Mainstreaming Gender in Rural Transport | Tanzarn, N. | 2019 | These Guidelines are based on findings of a UK aid funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) cluster of gender mainstreaming projects as well as the author's experience. The ReCAP initiative comprised of seven projects that were implemented in AfCAP (Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda) and AsCAP (Nepal) partner countries. The overall objective of the Guidelines is to provide a step-by-step guidance, as appropriate, on how to mainstream gender in the following areas: transport policy & planning, sector institutions, the infrastructure improvement cycle and the provision of transport services. The Guidelines will be beneficial to transport ministries, roads authorities, road funds, local government works departments, traffic and road safety agencies, and transport regulators and operators. | |||
| Training of Rural Motorcycle and Three-Wheeler Taxi Riders in Sub-Saharan Africa | Technical Brief | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Amend;Transaid;TRL Ltd. | 2019 | The Technical Brief summaries the research carried out in the framework of the AfCAP project on Safe Motorcycle and Three-wheeler Taxi use in Sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses in particular on a review of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxi training. This review included online desk research, drawing on existing knowledge, and stakeholder interviews (including regulators, traffic police, training providers and associations) in each of the four project countries. The key findings are presented as well as the policy implications of the research. The research has led to the development of manuals to improve motorcycle taxi operations and training. | |
| Opportunities to maximise the benefits of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxis in rural Africa | Policy Brief | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Amend;Transaid;TRL Ltd. | 2019 | This policy brief has been developed based on a 2018 study of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxis in rural areas of Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The aim of the study was to improve knowledge and understanding concerning effective ways of enabling rural people to benefit from the safe use of motorcycles and three-wheelers. The objective was to enable the safe operation of these vehicles to provide good, affordable and inclusive access for rural communities. The policy brief provides key policy implications coming from the research for transport and safety policy makers. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Trial Sections in Mozambique incorporating Capacity Building of Road Research Centre Personnel | Site Visit Report: 13th to 17th November 2017 | CDS | Geddes, R.;Vilinga, A. | 2017 | AfCAP is assisting the Mozambique National Roads Administration (ANE) to evaluate existing road experimental sections constructed previously in Mozambique under several programmes, including with AfCAP support. The fourth site visit of the advisory team, covered in this report, took place in Zambézia Province from 13th to 17th November 2017. The objective of the visit was to assist the RRC to establish a monitoring section in Zambézia. The visit included a half-day workshop at the ANE premises in Quelimane followed by a three-day field trip. | |
| Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar | Progress Report 1 | Gauff Ingenieure GmbH;MMIC | Berentsen, C.;Cook, J. | 2019 | The Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar is a project in two stages. This current phase, Phase 2, is defined as the development of Low Volume Rural Roads Design Manual for Myanmar. This report is the first of three Progress Reports and outlines the work done so far (representing the period January 2019 to May 2019) in developing the manual. It lays out the programme and highlights key issues as regards to the content and structure of the Myanmar manual. Key dates and potential risks and their mitigation are presented along with a database of important references. | |
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | Capacity Building and Skills Development Report | CDS | Pearce, B. | 2018 | The purpose of this report is to set out a capacity building and skills development strategy for materials testing laboratories in Mozambique. It follows a two week visit by the CDS Materials Expert in November 2017 to the LEM and ANE laboratory facilities that participated in the first round of the PTS. The visiting team found the staff in the facilities to be of an average competency level. Improvements are needed in the consistency in following the test procedures. In all laboratories the existing equipment is inadequate. The priority for Mozambique in building laboratory capacity is to agree on the adoption of an internationally recognised test method series. The laboratories will need to be properly equipped to carry out these methods and routine calibration of equipment carried out. Training is then required for all laboratory technicians on how to carry out the methods. The goal of each laboratory facility should be the attainment of accreditation under ISO 17025 – “General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories”. | |
| Establishment of Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership | Inception Report | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town;University of Birmingham | Kelly, K.;Nnene, O.;Hughes, D.;Jones, S.;Zuidgeest, M. | 2019 | Mott MacDonald, University of Cape Town and University of Birmingham commenced the establishment of a Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL) in February 2019. This Inception Report identifies updates to the methodology and information collated since the Kick-Off Meeting on 5th February 2019. The main task completed in this period is the initial shortlisting of two strong candidates as potential hosts for the CSSTL. The Project Team generated a list of eight institutions which were sent a request for a Capability Statement, with questions to assist with converting the long-list to a shortlist of maximum three institutions for visits in April 2019. Following assessment of all the Capability Statements, a shortlist of two universities namely the University of Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and KNUST (Ghana) was proposed. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six African Countries and Myanmar | Field Visit Report No. 3 | CDS;IMC Worldwide | Geddes, R.;Pinard, M.;Dangare, F. | 2019 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the establishment of appropriate specifications for Low Volume Roads. Monitoring is being carried out in accordance with existing guidelines for the establishment and monitoring of experimental and LTPP sections, which will be updated under the project. The advisory team visited Uganda, Kenya and Malawi in April 2019. Delegations from the DR Congo and South Sudan participated in the Uganda visit. The purpose of the visits was to provide training and capacity building support to the local consulting firms engaged by ReCAP to collect data in the monitoring sites, and to the road research centres who have overall responsibility for the implementation of the research projects. | |
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System | Systems Development Report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Fekpe, E.;Amuzu, M.;Ackaah, W. | 2019 | This report presents the indicators for assessing the benefits of research investments, a detailed description of the Benefit Assessment System (BAS) and the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework using the indicators. BAS uses a systems approach where ReCAP-BAS is considered to comprise a number of interdependent and interacting subsystems of an organised whole system. Six subsystems are identified and performance indicators are categorised according to these sub-systems. A scoring system is used for the indicators, and their surrogates for each subsystem are scored according to the relative importance in defining the subsystem. | |
| Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts | Final Report | Transaid | Clarke, S.;Silva, A.;Bearman, F. | 2019 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts is being implemented by Transaid in 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. This assignment has produced a series of short films based on core themes, and features interview footage with the selected rural transport experts. In addition, expert profiles for each of the targeted experts have been developed as well as a knowledge mapping pack. This report documents the approach applied in carrying out this assignment, it points to key next steps in terms of the dissemination of the outputs, and it makes recommendations that would expand the scope of this assignment to broaden future involvement. | |
| A framework for assessing the risks and impacts of rural access roads to a changing climate | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;University of Witwatersrand;Tshwane University of Technology | Roux, A. le;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K.;Engelbrech, F.;Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B. | 2019 | African communities are worst affected by climate-related natural disasters, in part due to high socio-economic vulnerability, natural resource dependency and low adaptive capacity. Climate resilient road infrastructure in rural areas is critical for improving quality of live. For this reason, a geospatial risk and vulnerability assessment method was developed as a tool for determining where access roads, and the communities they serve, are most at risk to the effects of a changing climate. This is intended to help guide, through prioritisation, the identification of high-risk areas where appropriate climate adaptation measures would be most effective in reducing the impacts of climate variability and change. The research methodology relies on using GIS processes and spatial data to calculate a composite climate risk index, the combined output of a hazard exposure index as well as a road criticality index. The analysis methodology was applied to Mozambique and was found to be an efficient and effective way of identifying high-risk regions in terms of community access and the physical impact of climate on road infrastructure. | ||
| Manual for the Provision of Low Volume Roads | TRL Ltd. | 2016 | This Low Volume Roads Manual is one of the series of Road and Bridge Design documents, and is expected to be used by the road engineers from the Road Authority, Academia, Consultants, Contractors and also District and Municipalities road engineers in Mozambique. It applies specifically to the design of new, or upgrading of existing unpaved, roads which carry relatively low volumes of traffic, typically less than about 300 vehicles per day. The Manual was developed with the contribution of the road engineers from National Roads Administration, Road Fund, Local Government Authorities and the local consulting industry and with the support of AfCAP. | |||
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Final Report | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Adu, J.;Afukaar, F.;Muhia, G.;Mwaipopo, H.;Kiracho, E.;Rettie, N.;Krasnolucka-Hickman, A.;Divall, D.;Porter, G. | 2019 | This Final Report presents the findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. The project was carried out in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda between September 2017 and January 2019. The study has revealed that motorcycle taxis are very important for rural travel, and are very popular among rural communities. They are especially important for health-related trips and also provide economic benefits, creating business opportunities, providing employment and supporting agriculture. The results of the study can be used by governments and other key stakeholders to better understand the issues related to motorcycle taxis in rural areas and to develop policy and practice to maximise their benefits and minimise their disbenefits. | |
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | Proficiency Report | CDS | Pearce, B.;Geddes, R. | 2018 | The pilot Proficiency Testing Scheme (PTS) for Mozambique is developing a baseline for the precision limits for the common tests on road construction materials. The purpose of this report is to set out the results of the second round of the PTS, which are compared against the results of the first round of the PTS and observations are made on the proficiency of the participating laboratories. Nine laboratories participated in the second round, including two laboratories in South Africa. Overall there is a marginal improvement in the results between rounds 1 and 2 but the range of results received from the participating laboratories for most of the tests is large. This should be of significant concern to the authorities in Mozambique. The results for the soil constants are the most variable along with the grading results for all materials. The most consistent improvements were observed in the aggregate tests for shape and strength as well as the CBR, MDD & OMC determinations. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Capacity Building and Training Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.; Buckland, T. | 2018 | This report covers the training workshops on the use of the database tool developed under the project on the Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) through Back Analysis. The project is being carried out in 3 phases; the workshops are a part of Phase 2. The aim of the training activities was to train selected participants from the participating AfCAP countries in the use of the database. The training was designed to ensure that the participants attain the ‘Data Administrator' level. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Final Country Report: Uganda | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Kiracho, E.;Rettie, N.;Krasnolucka-Hickman, A.;Divall, D.;Porter, G. | 2019 | This Uganda Country Report presents the Uganda-specific findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. This project was carried out in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda between September 2017 and January 2019. The study has revealed that motorcycle taxis are very important for rural travel, and are very popular among rural communities. As well as the many benefits that motorcycle taxis provide, riders and passengers also suffer from crashes, crime, abuse and health issues, and they create safety risks for other road users. The results of the study can be used by the Ugandan government and others to better understand the issues related to motorcycle taxis in rural areas and to develop policy and practice to maximise their benefits and minimise the disbenefits. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Final Country Report: Tanzania | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Mwaipopo, H.;Rettie, N.;Krasnolucka-Hickman, A.;Divall, D.;Porter, G. | 2019 | This Tanzania Country Report presents the Tanzania-specific findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. This project was carried out in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda between September 2017 and January 2019. The study has revealed that motorcycle taxis are very important for rural travel, and are very popular among rural communities. As well as the many benefits that motorcycle taxis provide, riders and passengers also suffer from crashes, crime, abuse and health issues, and they create safety risks for other road users. The results of the study can be used by the Tanzanian government and others to better understand the issues related to motorcycle taxis in rural areas and to develop policy and practice to maximise their benefits and minimise the disbenefits. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Final Country Report: Kenya | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Muhia, G.;Rettie, N.;Krasnolucka-Hickman, A.;Divall, D.;Porter, G. | 2019 | This Kenya Country Report presents the Kenya-specific findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. This project was carried out in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda between September 2017 and January 2019. The study has revealed that motorcycle taxis are very important for rural travel, and are very popular among rural communities. While the study has revealed that in comparison to the other three countries, Kenya appears to be leading in the management of the motorcycle taxi sector, there are many areas in which improvements are needed. The results of the study can be used by the Kenyan government and others to better understand the issues related to motorcycle taxis in rural areas and to develop policy and practice to maximise their benefits and minimise the disbenefits. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Final Country Report: Ghana | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Adu, J.;Krasnolucka-Hickman, A.;Afukaar, F.;Divall, D.;Porter, G. | 2019 | This Ghana Country Report presents the Ghana-specific findings of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. This project was carried out in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda between September 2017 and January 2019. The study has revealed that, despite the use of motorcycles and three-wheelers as taxis being illegal, they are very important for rural travel, and are popular among rural communities. The results of the study can be used by the Ghanaian government and others to better understand the issues related to motorcycle taxis in rural areas and to develop policy and practice to maximise their benefits and minimise the disbenefits. | |
| Capacity Building for the Rural Road Research Centre in Myanmar | Interim Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B.;Ventura, D. | 2019 | Following the completion of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) Business Plan for Myanmar (ReCAP RAS2117A), it was agreed by the Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD) that a Rural Road Research and Development Unit (RDU) would be established, which would focus on research into rural road infrastructure and transport services in Myanmar. To support the establishment of the RDU, AsCAP initiated a project to build capacity among the staff at the newly established RDU facility of the DRRD. This Interim Report presents the challenges encountered since the Inception Phase, the training programme organised for the RDU Director and RDU Researcher in South Africa, assistance provided with the drafting of an Extended Abstract for the Transportation Research Board's Low-Volume Roads conference, and a revised work plan for future activities to be conducted in Myanmar. | |
| Development and Support to the Implementation of a Strategy for the Establishment of a Road Research Centre in South Sudan | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M. | 2019 | South Sudan as a member state of the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP), has through the Ministry of Roads and Bridges (MRB), requested for technical support for the development and support to the implementation of a Strategy for the establishment of Road Research Centre in the country. The Technical Assistance is aimed at building sustainable road research capacity in the country. This Inception Report highlights key activities carried out during the project inception phase, between 16 and 24 February 2019. It reports on the project kick-off meeting held on 20 February 2019 and a consultative meeting at the Ministry of Roads and Bridges Headquarters in Juba, as well as meeting with the Executive Director of the Roads Authority and a visit to the Central Materials Laboratory. The report also provides details of the agreed final work programme for the implementation of the project. | |
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | Progress Report 1 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;McPherson, K.;Starkey, P.;Morosiuk, G. | 2019 | The overall aim of this project is to develop a harmonised approach to data collection and measurement of the Rural Access Index (RAI) that is relevant, consistent and sustainable. The current phase, Task Group 2 (TG2), will consolidate existing and proposed approaches to data collection and revise the RAI methodology in collaboration with the World Bank and other stakeholders. Since the Inception period a number of activities have been undertaken and good progress has been made towards the project goal. The activities are summarised in this progress report, covering the time from October 2018 to February 2019. | |
| Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar | Inception Report | Gauff Ingenieure GmbH;MMIC | Berentsen, C.;Cook, J. | 2019 | The Development of a Design Manual for Low Volume Rural Roads in Myanmar is a project in two stages. Phase 1 was completed in 2018 and documented in April 2018 in a Final Report. This current phase, Phase 2, is defined as the development of Low Volume Rural Roads Design Manual for Myanmar. This Inception Report outlines the work done so far in developing the manual. It lays out the programme and highlights key issues as regards the content and structure of the Myanmar manual. Key dates and potential risks and their mitigation are presented along with a database of important references. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport in DRC | Inception Report | Amend; Transaid; TRL | Weijde, K van der;Bishop, T.;Barber, C.; | 2019 | This Inception Report details progress during the first four weeks of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks in DRC'. The main purpose of Phase 1 (Inception) is to build an understanding of the existing situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and to use this understanding to develop the detailed research strategy and methodology. The understanding of the existing situation is being developed through stakeholder mapping, stakeholder engagement and a literature review. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport in DRC | Literature Review | Amend; Transaid; TRL | Weijde, K van der;Bishop, T.;Barber, C.; | 2019 | This Literature Review was carried out during the Inception Phase of the research project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport in DRC'. The purpose of the review was to identify trends in commercial motorcycle and motorised three-wheeler use, regulation and legislation, ongoing development, influences related to transport infrastructure in DRC, and any gaps in the literature. This literature review draws on existing academic and grey literature, although the available literature relating to motorcycle and motorised three-wheeler taxis in DRC is extremely limited and has an urban bias. Nevertheless, it maps the growth in use of motorcycles and motorised three-wheelers in DRC and examines the benefits and disbenefits of their use as a means of public transport. It describes the implications of the existing lack of regulatory frameworks covering motorcycles and three-wheelers, as well as gender, mobility and road safety issues. The review concludes that there are significant gaps in research on this subject in a rural context. | |
| Pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone | 1st Workshop Report | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University;FRED Engineering | Tripodi, A.;Wurie, N. | 2018 | This report provides an overview of the stakeholder workshop held in Freetown on the 6th of June 2018 (hosted by Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority) to present and get approval about a framework for road traffic crash data collection and management. The framework is proposed by the consultant based on the current practices used in Sierra Leone for data collection and on the best international practices. Its aim is to be gradually extended to the whole country so that a standardised process of road traffic crash data collection and management can be established. The workshop allowed to get the Sierra Leone stakeholders involved in its development and to approve it for future use within the project. | |
| Pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone | Final Report | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University;FRED Engineering | Tripodi, A.;Wurie, N.;Robibaro, M. | 2018 | This final report provides a detailed overview of the activities performed during the pilot study to collect more robust accident data in Sierra Leone. It especially summarises the initial activities related to assessment of the current road safety situation in the country and stakeholder consultations to identify the main needs for a standardised road traffic crash data collection framework. After definition of a proposed framework and its validation by Sierra Leone stakeholders, a pilot road traffic crash data collection has been performed. The report also describes the proposed road traffic crash data analysis framework and the accident data management system tailored to Sierra Leone characteristics, as well as the training activities performed. | |
| Investigation into the use of Qingqis as a mode of public transport in Punjab Province | Inception Report | IMC Worldwide | Starkey P.; Batool, Z.;Waqas Younis, M. | 2019 | ReCAP has contracted IMC Worldwide to undertake research on the use of motorised three-wheelers (‘Qingqis') for rural transport services in the Punjab. This Inception Report reviews some of the issues and presents the team's approach to the research and its plans for implementation. The research will involve consultations with users, operators, regulators, manufacturers and other stakeholders to define the key issues from the various perspectives. Through traffic counts and quantitative data collection, evidence will be gathered on the benefits and disbenefits of Qingqis and alternative means of transport in three districts. Based on stakeholder views, research evidence, international experiences, a stakeholder workshop and a cost-benefit analysis, recommendations will be made for the future of Qingqis, considering socio-economic, technological and regulatory issues and alternative options. | |
| Review of the Road Design and Pavement Standards Manual in Bangladesh | Progress Report | Rolt, J. | 2019 | The Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) and the Bureau of Research and Testing (BRTC) were commissioned to update the existing road design manual used by the Bangladesh Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). A Review of the draft was completed in March 2018 and missing topics and topics that had not been dealt with satisfactorily were identified. This project is concerned with updating and improving the manual and began on 1st December 2018. A first visit was made to Bangladesh between 14th and 19th December to meet the staff of the LGED, to discuss the required work in more detail and to make a site visit for familiarisation and to observe at first hand some of the problems with the rural road network. Copies of current LGED manuals were obtained and a timetable for carrying out the work was proposed. The report describes the work done so far including an update on the status of the original review work, and the recommended methodology, strategy and work plan for the remaining activities. | ||
| Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) In Malawi | Final Inception Phase Workshop Report | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M.;Hongve, J. | 2019 | In connection with the ReCAP-supported project on the Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) in Malawi, a 1-day Inception Workshop was held on Friday 30th November, 2018. The objectives of the workshop were to: (1) provide an overview of the preparatory stages of the project; (2) outline the approach and methodology adopted for carrying out the project, (3) present the outcome of an initial literature review of relevant documents pertaining to the development of the manuals, and (4) discuss the proposed Table of Contents for the manuals. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Phase 3 Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Mukura, K.;Musenero, L.;Leal, D. | 2019 | Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis is a project being carried out in three phases. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were completed whereas Phase 3 started in December 2018 and is scheduled for completion in June 2019. Phase 3 will involve field and laboratory investigations to fill the critical knowledge gaps that were identified in Phase 2; data analysis, corroboration or revision of existing specifications in guidelines and catalogues for pavement design for LVSRs; further population of the database; capacity building of participating road agencies counterpart staff who will be involved in the project activities; dissemination of findings; and production of a scientific paper. This report describes the activities undertaken during the inception stage of Phase 3 including the pre-visit desk studies, the outcomes of the reconnaissance visits and recommends the way forward for the subsequent stages of Phase 3. | |
| Design Support and Site Supervision for Construction of a 4.2 km Trial Section on D484 Kianjai-Miathene-Mikinduri in Meru county, Kenya | Monthly Progress Report No. 4 | Norken International Ltd | Norken International Ltd | 2019 | In Kenya, AfCAP is undertaking research on cost effective methods of improving rural roads using locally available materials, based on Kenyan standards particularly the Low Volume Sealed Road (LVSR) pavement design guidelines. Towards this end a 4.2 km length along Road D484 Miathene – Mikinduri was identified for construction of a trial section as part of the research process. M/s Norken International Ltd. was awarded the contract for the design and construction supervision services of the research/ trial section with the services commencing on 31stOctober 2016. The design component was completed in January 2017 and construction supervision is ongoing. This progress report covers the status of the project for the period ending 31st October 2018. | |
| Training-of-Trainers programme for participants from Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia in the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method | Final Construction Report | Hongve, J.; Mukandila, E.; Pinard, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | A pavement design trial section for a low volume sealed road was designed using the DCP-DN design method and constructed on the Akyem Kukurantumi – Asafo road in the Eastern Region of Ghana. A Control Section was designed according to the current practice on feeder roads with a 150 mm sub-base and a 150 mm base. As of December 2018, the sections have been completed up to the 14 mm Primer Seal which will be complemented with a second 10 mm seal in January 2019. Despite problems during the construction period and, in the consultants' view, shortcomings in the project management and workmanship standards, the consultants feel reasonably assured that the sections will provide a good basis for the research objective to compare the pavement performance of the two sections through a long-term monitoring programme. | ||
| Training-of-Trainers Programme for Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia in the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method | Final Report Phase 1 & 2 | Hongve, J.; Mukandila, E.; Pinard, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | A Training-of-trainers programme for 5 engineers from Ghana, 2 from Sierra Leone and 2 from Liberia on the use of the DCP-DN design method for Low Volume Sealed Roads, including the design and construction of a Trial- and Control Section, has been successfully completed. Long-term performance monitoring of the sections is planned to commence in February 2019 following the AfCAP Regional protocol and the recently updated Rater's Guideline to provide the basis for comparison of pavement performance between the DCP-DN designed Trial Section and the Control Section designed in accordance with the current practice for feeder roads in Ghana. Based on the tendered rates, construction costs for the DCP-DN designed pavement is estimated to be in the order of USD 5,500.00 /km less than the Control Section. This cost difference will increase with longer haulage distance for the pavement materials than was the case for this project. | ||
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision (IMPARTS) | Phase 1 Scoping Report | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R.; Otto, A. | 2019 | This report discusses key planning factors for infrastructure provision, preservation and transport services. Issues of old, overloaded vehicles and motorcycle taxis are discussed. Evidence shows many beneficial transport effects of road investments. Examples are discussed of unexplained changes in traffic and mobility patterns. A stakeholder workshop in Arusha, attended by 39 participants from 12 ReCAP countries, endorsed more integrated approaches. Roads authorities should seek to understand Rural Transport Services (RTS) issues and use RTS-related outcome indicators in planning. Phase 2/3 research activities are proposed, with detailed surveys on roads with good ‘before-intervention' datasets. For efficiency, Phase 3 RTS consultations will start immediately. An important Phase 2/3 output will be guidelines on developing integrated provision-preservation-services continuum approaches, including necessary RTS datasets and strategies for improving RTS. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Progress Report 3 | Helvetas | Branney, P.;Pandey, G. | 2019 | This report covers the progress with project activities and milestones from 1st November 2018 to 31st January 2019. Activities completed during this period include: plantation maintenance (such as manuring, watering); plant growth monitoring; backstopping of Road Users Groups (RUGs) and exposure visits to other plantation sites/nurseries. Other activities carried out included visits to agricultural markets; observation of value-addition & marketing of agro-products; meetings with concerned stakeholders such as municipalities and government authorities and joint monitoring at the project sites together with Municipalities and officials from Province 1 Ministry of Physical Infrastructure Development. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Progress Report 1 | Helvetas | Pandey, G.;Adhikari, R.;Gurung, H.;Shrestha, B.;Branney, P. | 2018 | This report describes progress with project activities and milestones from project inception on 01/07/2017 to 31/07/2018 – shortly after the plantations were established at the pilot sites. Activities completed during this period include the preparation of a revised project proposal and activities leading up to plantation establishment. Other activities completed during this period include the development of plantation establishment related training materials, delivery of training for RUGs on plantation establishment, plant management, site preparation, collection and quality control of planting material and also on financial literacy. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | First Workshop Report | Helvetas | Pandey, G.;Branney, P. | 2018 | This report describes the proceedings of the first Workshop Report for the project held in Hile, Dhankuta District between 27-28th September 2018. The report summarises the workshop presentations and the results of discussions that took place during the plenary sessions and working group sessions. The aim of the workshop was to share information and knowledge with a wide range of participants from government (Federal, Provincial and Local Level) and from the adjacent communities at the pilot road side sites, about Rights of Way, the project more generally and about progress, baseline survey and plantation made to date. | |
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System | Inception Report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Fekpe, E. | 2019 | ReCAP has assigned a 15-month project to BRRI to develop a framework to better understand and assess the benefits of research investment. The assessment of the benefits requires identification of appropriate indicators and the quantification and qualification of the benefits. This inception report presents activities following mobilisation of the project team, including an overview of the strategy and a summary of the technical approach. | |
| Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM) | Report of the Project Launch Meeting | Department for Urban and Regional Planning (DURP), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | 2018 | The Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM) is a web-based application for planning and prioritisation of rural roads maintained by the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) of the Bangladesh government. It runs from the GIS web portal of LGED. A project launch meeting was organised on 28 January 2018 to demonstrate the features of the RPPM and share its outputs for the pilot district Tangail with the participants. | |
| Ground Improvement for Khulna Soft Clay Soil | Technical Note | Mott MacDonald | Duncan, I. | 2018 | This Technical Note presents the interpretation of the various data sources that validate the presence of consolidation associated with the placement of embankment fill onto the underlying Alluvium. The Note is an addition to the final report on the Ground Improvement for Khulna Soft Clay Soil (BAN2083A). | |
| Manuals for Safe Motorcycle Taxi Operations | Amend;Transaid | Bishop, T.;Rettie, N. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session D, on the Africa regional project that looked into enhancing the understanding of safe motorcycle and three-wheeler taxi use for rural transport. The findings of the research project are presented. The project delivered a set of manuals that are summarised in the presentation; one for motorcycle taxi associations and an instructor manual for training motorcycle taxi riders. | ||
| Accident data collection in Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone Roads Authority | Amara, T. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session D, on a project in Sierra Leone to improve the recording, storage and analysis of road traffic crash data. The presentation highlighted the tools and databases put in place to collect and store good quality accident data. | ||
| Liberia Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Study | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session D, summarising the AfCAP project in Liberia aiming to establish a simple and sustainable system for measuring the impact of feeder road improvement projects, including setting up an online database and training of relevant staff. | ||
| Illustrative Guidelines for Mainstreaming Gender in Rural Transport | ReCAP Technical Panel | Tanzarn, N. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session C, highlighting the work done on drafting and consolidating guidelines for gender mainstreaming in rural transport. The guidelines address gender mainstreaming in transport policy and planning, institutions that deliver rural transport and infrastructure, the infrastructure improvement cycle and provision of transport services. | ||
| Interactions: maintenance - provision of access for rural transport services (IMPARTS) | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session C, summarising the set up and progress on the IMPARTS project that looks at the interaction between the investments to improve road condition and maintenance and the provision of rural transport services. The project aims to come up with guidelines as to how to integrated transport services issues into rural road planning. The team completed a scoping study (Phase 1) and is now preparing for Phase 2 and 3. | ||
| First Mile Cost Benefit Analysis and Recommendations | TRL Ltd.;International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Hine, J. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session C, summarising the results of the AfCAP regional project on First Mile access for smallholder farmers. The project looked at the constraints, quantified the effects and identified and prioritised measures to improve first mile infrastructure and services. | ||
| Road Construction Materials Proficiency Testing Scheme (PST) in Mozambique | ANE | Tayob, H.;Cumbane, C. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Plenary Workshop 2, about the proficiency testing scheme (PST) project carried out in Mozambique to improve laboratory testing of road materials. | ||
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring Programme: Progress and Challenges | CDS | Geddes, R. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Plenary Workshop 2, summarising the ReCAP project on LTPP monitoring programme that runs in eight AfCAP countries and one AsCAP country (Myanmar). The tools that are developed were presented as well as capacity building activities. | ||
| Back Analysis Project - Findings and Recommendations for Phase 2/Phase 3 Inception | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Plenary Workshop 2, about the Africa regional Back Analysis project which aims to analyse historic performance data of Low Volume Sealed Roads seals and pavements. Project Phase 2 has been completed - this included a data gap analysis. Phase 3 has started with reconnaissance visits in four countries and one is still to be undertaken. | ||
| Fit for Purpose Rural Roads in Myanmar | Department for Rural Development (DRRD), Myanmar | Wai, T. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Plenary Workshop 2, summarising the project on LVR standards and specifications geared towards dealing with Myanmar's specific topography and traffic. | ||
| Rural Road Research Center in Myanmar | Department for Rural Development (DRRD), Myanmar | Wai, T. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session B, summarising the current status and way forward for the establishment of a Research and Development Unit within the Department of Rural Development in Myanmar. | ||
| Country: Mozambique | ANE | Simoes, I. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session B, summarising the status of research capacity building in Mozambique within the National Roads Authority (ANE). | ||
| Establishment and growth of a Road and Transport Research Centre in Uganda | Uganda National Roads Authority | Rubarenzya, M. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session B, summarising the key initiatives and achievements in the establishment and growth of a road and transport research centre within the Uganda National Roads Authority. | ||
| Outcome of Research Capacity Building in Tanzania | PO-RALG;TARURA | Magafu, F.;Lwanda, V. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session B, summarising the activities and results of AfCAP coordinated research capacity building efforts in Tanzania. | ||
| Consultancy Services for Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTTP) Monitoring and Evaluation of Low Volume Road Sections in Uganda | Inception Report | KOM Consult Ltd | Obetia, R.;Nakamya, B. | 2019 | AfCAP provides support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the establishment of appropriate specifications for LVR. Monitoring is to be carried out in accordance with AfCAP guidelines for the establishment and monitoring of experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) sections, which will be updated under the project. In Uganda, a 41.1 km-long Matugga-Semuto-Kapeeka Pilot Demonstration Project (PDP) was identified as the study area. This PDP was constructed in 2010 as part of the research on more economic ways of constructing low volume sealed roads. KOMConsult is to carry out the monitoring for a period of 2 years through conducting various field surveys and tests, laboratory tests. A regional LTTP consultant is to provide oversight and capacity building services to the monitoring consultant. This Inception Report describes the work performed in the inception stage, and the methodology and approach for future activities of the assignment. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Roadside Plantation report (Site 1 & Site 2) | Helvetas | Gurung, H.;Adhikari, R.;Pandey, G.;Branney, P.;Shrestha, B. | 2018 | AsCAP is implementing a three-year pilot study aimed at developing an innovative and participatory approach for roadside protection on rural roads in Nepal. The report describes the roadside plantations that were planned and implemented for the two pilot sites in Dhankuta District. Site-1 lies in Shahidbhumi Rural Municipality in Dhankuta district and Site-2 lies along the same road corridor (Hile-Chhintang road) and includes parts of both Pakhribas and Dhankuta Municipalities. Both pilot sites were initially assessed for land condition and existing vegetation cover. Then site preparation (clearance, land preparation, composting) followed by plantation establishment and protection measures (from grazing animals) were carried out during July 2018. the Road User Group (RUG) members, together with the rural municipality representatives have agreed to collaborate on the plantation of broom grass (amrisso). There is still an outstanding issue regarding regular road maintenance at both these sites. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Baseline report on Sites 1 and 2 | Helvetas | Pandey, G.;Adhikari, R.;Gurung, H.;Shrestha, B.;Branney, P. | 2018 | This report describes and combines the results of baseline studies conducted at the two selected pilot study sites for the participatory roadside stabilisation project in Nepal. Both these sites are located in Dhankuta District in the Eastern Hills. The baseline results for the 17 households belonging to the Road User Group (RUG) for Site-1 and the 35 households belonging to the Road User Group (RUG) for Site-2 were gathered and are analysed in this report using a sustainable analysis framework where a project indicator is proposed for each of the six livelihood assets. The baseline report notes that the context of the project has undergone a radical change as a result of Nepal's political federalisation, which came into full force in December 2017. | |
| Capacity Building for the Rural Road Research Centre in Myanmar | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B.;Ventura, D. | 2019 | To support the establishment of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) with the DRRD in Myanmar, AsCAP initiated a project to build capacity among the staff. This Inception Report presents the results of interactions held with senior officials of the DRRD and RDU staff in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, during November 2018. The objectives of these interactions were to assess the current status of the RDU, to gauge progress made towards the establishment of the Unit, to revisit the Key Performance Indicators for the establishment and operation of the RDU as contained in the business plan, and to identify the specific capacity building needs of the RDU and its staff. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Existing Trial Sections and Implementation of Regional Guidelines for Establishing and Monitoring Trial Sections in Tanzania | Progress Report 4 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Mgangira, M. | 2019 | The purpose of this project is to develop capability in Tanzania, through mentoring, on how to establish and carry out the monitoring surveys and evaluation of LVR pavement trial sections. The report focuses on activities and outcomes of the fourth training workshop that was held in Dar es Salaam from 3-6 July 2018. The main objective of the workshop was to introduce participants to activities involved in sampling and evaluation of construction materials for low volume roads, and procedures for data collection and management that would assist them in their duties and responsibilities undertaking monitoring of long term pavement performance (LTPP) of trial sections. Overall, participants indicated that the workshop was successfully delivered, and most importantly they learned lessons that will assist them to undertake the second LTPP monitoring exercise of this project. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Existing Trial Sections and Implementation of Regional Guidelines for Establishing and Monitoring Trial Sections in Tanzania | Final report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Mgangira, M.;Merwe, A. van der | 2019 | The purpose of this project is to develop capability in Tanzania, through mentoring, on how to establish and carry out the monitoring surveys and evaluation of LVR pavement trial sections. This report highlights a record of capacity building outcomes based on a combination of training workshops and field monitoring training exercises. The scope of the training programmes was informed by the requirements considered and identified from the outset of the project, on the basis of relevant knowledge and field skills required by council managers, regional coordinators, engineers and technicians from TARURA and lecturers from two technical universities for practical implementation of the LTPP monitoring programme of trial sections. The report was discussed as a draft during a stakeholder workshop and the feedback, which included recommendations and action plans, was incorporated in the final version. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Existing Trial Sections and Implementation of Regional Guidelines for Establishing and Monitoring Trial Sections in Tanzania | Capacity Building Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2019 | The purpose of this project is to develop capability in Tanzania, through mentoring, on how to establish and carry out the monitoring surveys and evaluation of LVR pavement trial sections. This report provides a record of the capacity building activities achieved through a combination of four workshops and two field monitoring training exercises. The content of the capacity building programme was informed by the requirements considered and identified on the outset of the project, on the basis of relevant knowledge and field skills for practical implementation of the long-term monitoring programme of trial sections. The report also examines participants' feedback on capacity building issues addressed during the implementation of the project, lessons learnt and recommendations on capacity building issues to enhance effective implementation of the monitoring of the trial sections, analysis and interpretation of the collected data. | |
| Reflections on the ReCAP Inter-Regional Implementation Meeting, 25–27 February 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal | ReCAP Think Piece | Scriptoria | Thapa, R. | 2019 | This think piece offers reflections on the second ReCAP Inter-Regional Implementation Meeting (IRIM) 2019, which was organised on 25-27 February 2019 in Kathmandu, Nepal. IRIM brought together key stakeholders from ReCAP partner countries (both research practitioners and policy makers), implementation partners and multilateral partners on the theme of "Effective uptake and embedment of transport research benefiting rural communities". The think piece provides a number of key messages, lessons and recommendations for enhanced uptake of ReCAP research, based on interviews with IRIM delegates and observations during the event. | |
| RAP Approach to Rural Road Maintenance | Rural Access Programme 3 | Poudel, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session A, on the Rural Access Programme 3 that is being implemented in Nepal and its approach to road maintenance. The programme works with Road Maintenance Groups and Special Maintenance Groups; the RMGs having been introduced in 32 district projects. Based on the approach RMG guidelines have been developed and adopted by the Government of Nepal. | ||
| Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Helvetas | Pandey, G. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session A, providing an update on the project in Nepal on a participatory approach to protect the roadside through planting commercial crops. The presentation provided an update on the selection of the two demonstration sites where broom grass is being planted, and the process of involving the local communities. The status of the two sites was discussed as well as issues and challenges encountered. | ||
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Ghana's perspective | Ministry of Roads and Highways | Balika, E. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session A, providing an update on the implementation of the Climate Adaptation project in Ghana; 1) the building of a stakeholder community; 2) capacity building and training of staff; and 3) the selection of a demonstration site. A stakeholder workshop was held involving policy makers, development partners and other institutions involved in climate resilience. Various training sessions were organised with the involvement of various agencies. A stretch of 19.2km of road between Tampion and Tidjo has been selected as demonstration section; the design has been completed and the project is currently awaiting tender. In terms of embedment the project has been able to deliver inputs into the climate change component of Ghana's National Transport Policy that is currently under review. | |
| Climate Adaptation | Making Rural Roads More Resilient | ANE | Langa, R. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session A, highlighting the activities undertaken in Mozambique in the framework of the AfCAP regional project on Climate Adaptation. Following a road assessment, problems were identified and climate resilient solutions were designed. These are now being constructed on LVR demonstration sections, to be tested and monitored. | |
| Climate Change Adaptation | Paige-Green Consulting (Pty) Ltd. | Paige-Green, P. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session A, addressing the AfCAP regional project on Climate Adaptation and enhancing the resilience of rural road networks. The presentation addressed the steps undertaken in the project including the implementation and roll out in AfCAP partner countries that participate, i.e. Ethiopia, Ghana and Mozambique. Activities included the development of guidelines and manuals, testing of the manuals, training and the design and construction of demonstration sections in Mozambique and Ghana. | ||
| Economic Growth through Effective Rural Road Asset Management | Uganda National Roads Authority;CDS | Mbabazi, E.;Bopoto, C. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019, Breakaway Session A, providing an overview of the AfCAP regional project on LVR asset management. The presentation addresses the various tools and indices that were developed in the project and the monitoring process for socio-economic impacts of improved asset management. | ||
| Scoping Study for a ReCAP Massive Open Online Course (or MOOC series) | Final Scoping Report | Nadya Mundo | Barrett, K.; Gaible, E. | 2019 | There are several topics within the realm of the ReCAP research strategies that would be appropriate for a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). This scoping study explores technology solutions in support of distance learning and knowledge sharing. The scoping study purpose is to contribute to a detailed implementation plan for a ReCAP MOOC or a series of MOOCs, covering the following aspects: target audience and user needs; topic(s), narrative and structure; delivery format and platform; certification/accreditation; and costs and development timescale. This report covers the comprehensive study into the needs of learners in terms of eLearning and specifically their needs for learning about transportation approaches in developing countries, and to build understanding of the challenges of design, implementation and sustainability that must be confronted during the process of eLearning development. | |
| RAI Measurement Framework and Case Study Trials of the Proposed Methodology | TRL Ltd. | McPherson, K. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Workshop 1, addressing the ongoing work on the measurement framework and case study trials for pilot application of the RAI. The presentation addresses available data collection methodologies and issues related to it for the three layers of the RAI data: (rural) population distribution, road network and road condition. | ||
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Workshop 1, addressing the ReCAP project on consolidation, revision and pilot application of the RAI by TRL Ltd. The presentation highlights some of the issues related to the definition of the various components of the RAI, as well as methodological challenges in measuring and collecting appropriate data to assess the RAI of a country. | ||
| Overview of the RAI | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Workshop 1, providing an overview of the Rural Access Index (RAI), its origins, ReCAP's involvement in its development, its current status and the ongoing activities to consolidate and revise the RAI methodology. | ||
| Beyond 2020: A Donor View | DFID | Jones, E. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 4, highlighting DFID's perspective on the sustainability and continuity of community access research, funded since 2004. | ||
| ReCAP legacy: what will be available by 2020? | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 4, addressing what the ReCAP wants to leave behind as a legacy upon programme completion. This includes published articles in renowned journals and conferences of high standing, an online repository where all research outputs are stored, successful advocacy to get and keep rural transport on the development agenda, and legacy documentation. | ||
| A broad strategy for rural transport research for 2020 in the ReCAP context | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 4 focussing on the final phase of the ReCAP programme and actions to ensure an orderly closing, sustainability, uptake and embedment of ReCAP research. | ||
| Results of the ReCAP online learning scoping study | Nadya Mundo | Barrett, K. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 3, summarising the outcomes of a ReCAP scoping study into the options for developing a suite on online learning courses on rural transport and rural road infrastructure. | ||
| Knowledge retention in the rural transport sector | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 3 highlighting the methodology and outcomes of a knowledge retention project undertaken to capture and widely disseminate the knowledge of very senior rural transport experts. | ||
| The importance and benefits of mentoring | ReCAP Technical Panel | Greening, A. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 3, addressing the mentoring initiative by the ReCAP Technical Panel and highlighting the benefits of mentorship. | ||
| Updates on ReCAP Capacity Building Initiatives | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 3 providing updates on the ReCAP capacity building initiatives that are ongoing. These include the establishment of the Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership, training-of-trainer efforts in climate adaptation and asset management and structured mentorship. | ||
| Community Access - What do research programs need to deliver? | Asian Development Bank | Leather, J. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 2, addressing the needs for uptake and embedment from a development bank's point of view. The presentation focuses on what research programmes need to deliver to be considered for uptake and how rural transport fits within the ADB strategy. | ||
| The Researchers' View | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 2, addressing the researcher's view on uptake and embedment of research outcomes into policy and practice. | ||
| Rural Transport Advocacy in Africa/Asia | O'Neill, P. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 1, addressing advocacy for transport in general and rural transport in specific in Africa and Asia. The presentation provides an overview of knowledge products to be used for effective advocacy and shares the experience of the Environmentally Sustainable Transport Forum implemented in Asia and of plans to organise an effective, recurring dialogue on transport in Africa. | |||
| Sustainable Mobility for All (SuM4All) | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 1, addressing the SuM4All initiative convened by the World Bank and with active involvement of the ReCAP programme championing the work on rural access under the Universal Access theme. | ||
| Rural Transport and the SDGs | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A.;Visser, C. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Plenary Session 1, addressing the role of rural transport in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and the rationale for rural access research. | ||
| Rural Access Programme: Learnings from constructing and maintaining rural roads in Nepal | RAP Nepal | Baidya, S. | 2019 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2019 Opening Ceremony addressing the DFID-funded Rural Access Programme (RAP) implemented by IMCWorldwide. The presentation addresses how the RAP has delivered in terms of roads and bridges constructed, people affected in terms of poverty alleviation and resilience and how research has fed into the programme. | ||
| Improving the resilience and quality of rural road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use – Phase 1 | Inception Report | Hearn Georeserve Ltd | Hearn, G.;Oostenrijk, A. van | 2019 | AfCAP is funding a research study in Uganda with the objective to improve the climate resilience and quality of road infrastructure through landslide management and optimisation of road reserve use. The research study is divided into three Phases: Phase 1 is a Scoping/Feasibility Study; Phase 2 covers data collection, investigation and analysis; and Phase 3 includes study implementation. This Inception Report describes the findings of a project Inception visit to Uganda in January 2019. This visit included kick-off meetings, other meetings in Kampala and a visit to Mbale Station in the northeast of the country to observe landslide sources, mechanisms and impacts on the road network. | |
| Evaluation of the cost-beneficial improvement of first mile access on small-scale farming and agricultural marketing | Policy Brief | TRL Ltd.;International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Workman, R.;Hine, J.;Otto, A.;Njenga, P.;Bezuidenhout, W. | 2019 | The AfCAP project on the Evaluation of cost-beneficial improvements of First Mile access is concerned with research into measures for improvement of ‘First Mile' access and the transport services associated with transferring harvest produce on the initial stages of movement from the farm to established road access. This policy brief summarises the key findings of the project and provides policy recommendations based on the outcomes. | |
| Evaluation of the cost-beneficial improvement of first mile access on small-scale farming and agricultural marketing | Final Report | TRL Ltd.;International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Workman, R.;Hine, J.;Otto, A.;Njenga, P.;Bezuidenhout, W. | 2019 | The AfCAP project on the Evaluation of cost-beneficial improvements of First Mile access is concerned with research into measures for improvement of ‘First Mile' access and the transport services associated with transferring harvest produce on the initial stages of movement from the farm to established road access. Following the completion of Phase 3, a Cost Benefit Analysis has been undertaken on one of the trial sites in Tanzania, located in the pineapple growing area of Madeke. This analysis was based on the principle that motorable roads could be brought closer to farms, in order to reduce the most expensive aspect of transport on the First Mile roads, and exploiting the cheaper and more efficient transportation by trucks. These results were presented at a regional stakeholder workshop in Arusha, Tanzania in November 2018, at which the key stakeholders from Kenya and Tanzania were present. The main theme of the workshop was to present the Cost Benefit Analysis, and to discuss the recommendations and how they could be practically implemented, as well as identifying how the results of the research could be disseminated at all levels. Consensus was found on all of these issues, and is contained in the details of this report. | |
| Upgrading Footpaths to Motorcycle Taxi accessible Tracks | Accelerating Socio-economic Development in rural Sub-Saharan Africa | Swansea University | Peters, K.; Mokuwa, E.; Richards, P.; Jenkins, J.; Johson, T | 2018 | This Policy Brief by Swansea University outlines key observations and recommendations following review of research into the operation of motorcycle taxis in Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, it focuses on the cost-effective upgrade of footpaths to motorable tracks in north Liberia, implemented in the framework of the GIZ-funded ‘Participatory Access to Transport for Health' (PATH) project. The brief highlights the various effects in terms of enhanced agricultural production, enhanced access to services as well as the impacts in terms of gender equity, environment and road safety. | |
| Consolidation, Revision and Pilot Application of the Rural Access Index (RAI) | Inception Report | TRL | Workman, R.;Starkey, P.;McPherson, K. | 2018 | The Rural Access Index is a key measurement of people's transport accessibility in rural areas that estimates the proportion of the rural population living within 2 km of an all-season road. It is used as the indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 9.1.1, which shows rural accessibility. The RAI has been measured in trials with selected countries in 2006 and 2016, and at present more countries are being assessed by the World Bank in 2018. A number of anomalies were found between the different trials, so it was deemed necessary to better understand the data collection and analysis process for the RAI and to revise the methodology to make it more sustainable, consistent, simple, and operationally relevant. The first phase of this project was carried out in early 2018 and provided a status review, and guidance as to the following phases. This report is based on the recommendations made in that report, and includes the results of further investigations, as well as more detailed approaches, methodologies and a work programme for delivering Task Group 2 of the project. | |
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Progress Report 02 | Helvetas | Branney, P.;Pandey, G. | 2019 | This report describes progress with project activities and milestones from 1st August to 31st October 2018. Activities completed during this period include: the first Knowledge Sharing Workshop; plantation maintenance (such as manuring, watering, weeding etc.); plant growth monitoring; disease treatment; Road Users Group (RUG) backstopping; and RUG exchange visits for exposure to other plantation sites/nurseries. In addition, training on fire protection, composting, market linkage & marketing of agro-products as well as roles and responsibilities of market players was also conducted during this period. Regular joint monitoring of the road slopes and sides together with municipality/local elected ward chairpersons, road users and road maintenance committee and institutional capacity building for RUGs also took place during this period. | |
| Scoping Study for a ReCAP Massive Open Online Course (or MOOC series) | Phase 2 Workshop Report | Nadya Mundo | Barret, K.;Barnes, F.;Gaible, E.;Sherman, D. | 2019 | The overall aim of ReCAP is to promote safe and sustainable rural access in Africa and Asia through research and knowledge sharing. In consideration of these objectives, there are several topics within the realm of the ReCAP research strategies that would be appropriate for a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) or series of MOOCs. The workshop was the most practical way of bringing together the team, PMU and partner country delegates to debrief findings from the scoping study and brainstorm ways forward for a ReCAP distance learning initiative. Dubai is centrally located to Asia and Africa partner nations to host such an event, and afforded a wide variety of cost-effective options for accommodation and conference rooms. The outcomes of the workshop included numerous ideas for relevant content (topics in rural roads and transport), and possible delivery formats and platforms. Delegates affirmed the need for certification/accreditation, and the need to develop a technology-driven solution to facilitate knowledge management and promote learning across ReCAP partner nations. | |
| MOOC Scoping Study Workshop | Nadya Mundo | Barret, K.;Barnes, F.;Gaible, E.;Sherman, D. | 2018 | This set of presentations was presented at the ReCAP MOOC Scoping Study workshop, held on 13-14 December 2018 in Dubai, UAE. The presentation addresses the MOOC survey results, the state of the art in distance- and online learning technology, organisational and technical issues. | ||
| Instructor's Manual For the competency based curriculum for training motorcycle and tricycle riders (Tanzania) | With emphasis on Motorcycle Taxi (Boda Boda) Riders | Transaid;Amend;TRL | Transaid;Amend;TRL | 2019 | This Instructor's Manual for motorcycle taxi rider training was prepared in the framework of the Motorcycle Taxi and Three-wheelers safety project carried out by Transaid, Amend and TRL Ltd in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (RAF2114A). This competency based curriculum is designed for training motorcycle and tricycle (also referred to as three-wheeler) riders with an emphasis on motorcycle taxi (boda boda) riders. It has been developed primarily for use in Tanzania by a wide range of stakeholders. | |
| A Manual for Motorcycle and Three-Wheeler Taxi Associations (Tanzania) | Guidance on Setting-Up an Association and the Association's Responsibilities to its Members | Transaid;Amend;TRL | Transaid;Amend;TRL | 2019 | This Manual for motorcycle taxi associations was prepared in the framework of the Motorcycle Taxi and Three-wheelers safety project carried out by Transaid, Amend and TRL Ltd in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (RAF2114A). It contains guidance on setting up an association and responsibilities to the association's members. | |
| New Technologies Shaping Rural Access | various | Bradbury, A.; Guenther, D.;Leather, J.;Haule, J.;Aguma, J.;Kondylis, F.;Workman, R. | 2019 | Compiled presentation held at the Transforming Transportation 2019 side event on New Technologies Shaping Rural Access, organised in Washington DC, USA on 17 January 2019. | ||
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision | Report of an Inter-regional Workshop held 12-13 November 2018, Arusha, Tanzania | TRL | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R. | 2019 | ReCAP has contracted TRL to research and disseminate how investments in low-volume rural roads (LVRR) impact rural transport services (RTS) and the mobility of people and their goods. The IMPARTS project held an inter-regional workshop on 12-13 November 2018 in Arusha, Tanzania, to discuss how investments in low-volume rural roads affect rural transport services. The majority of the 37 workshop participants were from AfCAP road authorities. Groups discussed observations, including the importance of motorcycle taxis when roads cannot be used by minibuses. Further group work endorsed the need for integrated approaches to RTS-LVRR planning. This will require institutional collaboration (roads-transport), and survey data of RTS, that could be included in Maintenance Management Systems. Data and simple indicators on RTS volumes and prices can be collected easily. LVRR road guidelines should consider motorcycle safety and options for motorcycle trails. RTS could be stimulated by multi-sectoral logistic strategies, with funding options to assist new RTS initiatives, including an RTS fund. The various innovative approaches for integrated RTS-LVRR planning will require capacity building and modest funding. The anonymous evaluation rated the workshop highly. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Progress Report | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C.;Addai-Yeboah, A. | 2018 | Safe, reliable and affordable rural access facilitates the movement of goods and services which affects the livelihoods of low-income households, especially in developing economies such as Liberia. There is a growing need to measure the impact of these rural access investments on livelihood opportunities and poverty reduction, and to measure the socio-economic benefits accruing to project beneficiaries. To this end, the Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW), supported by AfCAP, is to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio-economic impacts of rural road improvement projects. This report presents progress since the method validation workshop, with an emphasis on the data collection exercise undertaken in Grand Gedeh county from 01 to 18 June 2018. The report summarises study progress to date, presents preparations made for data collection, status of the data collection exercise and issues arising from the same. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Workshop 2 Report - Results Validation | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C. | 2018 | Safe, reliable and affordable rural access facilitates the movement of goods and services which affects the livelihoods of low-income households, especially in developing economies such as Liberia. There is a growing need to measure the impact of these rural access investments on livelihood opportunities and poverty reduction, and to measure the socio-economic benefits accruing to project beneficiaries. To this end, the Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW), supported by AfCAP, is to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio-economic impacts of rural road improvement projects. This report covers the results validation workshop and two supplementary meetings held in Monrovia on 23 October 2018. The report summarises the views of stakeholders on M&E Database management system and the final list of socio-economic indicators. | |
| Measuring Road Condition of the First Mile | TRL | Workman, R. | 2018 | The efficiency of rural transport is important for improving financial and time costs in the delivery of produce and for reducing post-harvest losses for smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is growing recognition that rural infrastructure needs to be planned together with transport services to minimise transport costs, reduce crop wastage and gain the maximum advantage for farmers. TRL is undertaking research in Tanzania and Kenya on moving harvest along the primary transport segment, or ‘First Mile', from farm to established road access. This project is concerned with the cost-beneficial improvement of access, by assessing the condition of these primary road segments to determine the effect on crop damage and wastage. The condition assessment is being carried out using a variety of high-tech methods, in addition to traditional visual surveys being assessed from DashCam videos of the road. A quantitative assessment of road roughness was measured using three methods, maximum comfortable achievable vehicle speed, smartphone apps and accelerometers. Accelerometers were placed in both passenger and goods vehicles; in amongst the produce when vehicles are loaded. The accelerometer data was analysed, along with socio-economic data, to gain a greater understanding of First Mile access problems that will result in recommendations for improvement. | ||
| Capturing and Disseminating Rural Transport Knowledge from Senior Experts | ReCAP;Transaid | Visser, C.;Clark, S. | 2018 | Since the start of the 6-year Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) in 2014, it has been observed that the already small pool of experienced senior international rural transport experts is aging, and that action should be undertaken to capture and retain the knowledge of this pool for future practitioners. A dedicated effort to inventorise the experts and to capture and disseminate their knowledge has been implemented during 2018 to ensure the long-term availability of their knowledge for the sector, independently of their actual involvement in the ReCAP programme. The project mainly (but not solely) addressed capturing the tacit knowledge of the senior experts, i.e. “the skills, ideas and experiences that people have but are not codified and may not necessarily be easily expressed.” (Chugh et al, 2015). This paper will go into the methodology and media used to extract this tacit knowledge. It has been complemented with (a selection of) explicit knowledge that the experts authored or contributed to. Furthermore, the paper will address the means and channels of dissemination that have been put in place to spread the knowledge as widely possible. It will equally address the plans and progress for a ReCAP mentoring platform with involvement of the targeted experts. | ||
| Building the Next Generation of Transport Leaders in Sub-Saharan Africa | ReCAP;Mott MacDonald;ASANRA | Sampson, L.;Leta, N.;Kelly, K.;Malota, J. | 2018 | A scoping study for a Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) was commissioned as part of the ReCAP programme. The study is now moving into an implementation phase based on the findings of the scoping study and further deliberations by the ReCAP member countries, ASANRA and the ReCAP Programme Management Unit (PMU). This paper outlines the requirements to establish a Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL), whose role would be to develop and implement the sustainable delivery options for future transport leadership capacity building. Three levels of delivery options will be discussed: 1. Mentorship programmes, where candidates receive on-the-job training and mentoring focusing on leadership and management in the transport sector; 2. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) courses (existing and new) which encapsulate the leadership, managerial and technical content identified for leading transport professionals in Africa; and 3. A recognised post-graduate qualification in transport leadership. | ||
| Improved Rural Road Network Asset Management Through Appropriate Technology | Intech Associates; Clanview | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2018 | Rural road networks in Sub-Saharan Africa often remain in generally poor condition, with a deteriorating cycle of poor condition and reluctance to fund maintenance. The consequence for the agricultural sector and rural communities is poor accessibility and high transport costs. There is now the prospect to address all of these issues by utilising proven tractor technology for road rehabilitation and maintenance techniques at a much lower cost than traditional heavy equipment approaches. Thus, rural tractor utilisation can be raised benefiting both road and agri- sectors with lower unit costs. Consequently, road maintenance will become cheaper and more sustainable, and agricultural production and transport costs will be reduced. The tractor attachments; such as towed graders, trailers and bowsers can be manufactured locally contributing to the support of the local commercial economy. The capital investment requirements for tractor equipment are also a fraction of those required for heavy civil engineering plant, and are thus more affordable for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in an environment where credit/capital is scarce and expensive. | ||
| Making Africa's Roads More Resilient to Climate Change | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B. | 2018 | The inevitable impacts of climate change on the already stressed low volume rural road networks in Africa will have dire consequences in many countries. As the changes in climatic conditions increase, the impacts on road networks will become more severe. An assessment of these impacts related to various climatic stressors has indicated a wide range of adaptation measures to improve climate resilience. However, it is essential that the road networks are assessed adequately to identify vulnerable areas and the necessary adaptation techniques. This will involve the visual assessment of all roads within each network by assessors trained to identify specific conditions and consequences. The paper describes the main stressors and impacts on various components of the infrastructure and identifies the properties that need assessment and how this should be carried out. | ||
| Surfacing Options for Low Volume Roads in Mozambique | ANE | Namburete, C.;Dabo, F.;Calisto, Z. | 2018 | Two low volume roads in Inhambane and Zambezia provinces in Mozambique have been constructed using locally available materials not complying with traditional standards as base course. Four different surfacing options were used on these roads: gravel, penetration macadam, Otta seal and sand seal (armoured base). The roads were built between 2009 and 2013. Monitoring sections have been established on these roads and are being regularly assessed in terms of the Mozambique standard Monitoring Protocols. After up to 7 years the sections are generally performing well. Localised defects are attributed to poor construction quality and inadequate supervision on site. The performance of the three surfacing solutions was analysed and compared with the performance of the gravel section. The paper summarises the findings of the investigations and concludes that all the surfacing options are technically viable. However, each situation needs to be assessed in terms of its economic viability, particularly on roads carrying low traffic (less than 100 vpd) or where the necessary construction materials must be hauled over long distances. | ||
| A Stochastic Model for the Determination of Rural Road Maintenance Financing Needs | University of Birmingham | Kome, P.;Ghataora, G.;Burrow, M.;Bopoto, C. | 2018 | Rural road maintenance in Sub-Saharan Africa is underfunded as the benefits are less tangible than investment in building new roads or funding strategic or national road development. As a result, investment in rural road maintenance is often inefficient, not transparent and motivated by non-needs driven factors. This is having a significant effect on the socio-economic development of rural communities. To ameliorate this, there is a need to present the benefits of rural road maintenance in a concise, transparent and straightforward manner that is meaningful to politicians and senior decision makers. The research describes work that was carried out to develop a probabilistic tool which is capable of determining the effects of maintenance on road asset condition over time at the network level under budget constraints. The tool consists of Markov based rural road asset deterioration and maintenance effects models. These have been determined as a function of climate and traffic for a variety of assets and geo-environments in the region. The robustness and viability of the tool is demonstrated via data collected from three Sub-Saharan countries. | ||
| Adoption of Road Asset valuation that takes into account economic, environmental, political and social factors as a means of prioritising development and preservation of rural road assets | University of Birmingham | Kakiiza, R.;Burrow, M.;Ghataora, G.;Kome, P. | 2018 | This paper proposes a new rural road valuation methodology encompassing economic, environmental, political and social factors as a means of prioritising development and preservation of rural road assets. A combination of models have been adopted to monetise and rank the road assets for prioritisation. The models include; Modified Transport demand model (MTDM) for valuation of social-economic benefits, Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method for valuing and ranking the social – economic benefits to be considered for monetisation calculation and a value model (VM) that combines all the other models to calculate the actual value of the road asset. | ||
| Economic Growth through Effective Rural Road Asset Management | CDS | Geddes, R. | 2018 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP) is providing technical assistance and capacity building initiatives to foster sustainable improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. This paper outlines the methodologies and tools that have been developed to assess performance in rural road asset management and achieve improvements in performance over time. The paper summarises progress that has been made in the first two years since the project's inception. Central to the research methodology is a self-assessment framework which is being used by the road agencies to compare their management performance against the other participating organisations, and to identify and prioritise areas of asset management which are in need of attention. The initial findings of the research show that gaps in pre-requisites for sustainable road preservation exist in three project countries: Sierra Leone, Zambia and Uganda. The Western Cape's situation is in a more advanced state. | ||
| Performance of Mechanically Stabilised Sand Road Bases in Mozambique | ANE | Cumbane, C.;Dzimba, M. | 2018 | In Mozambique only 20% of the classified road network is paved. Locally available materials for the base are often out of specification and the solution normally adopted for pavement layers is conventional chemical stabilisation. The Agostinho-Neto to Mutamba Road in Inhambane Province, Mozambique, was constructed under a programme of Targeted Interventions for Low Volume Roads. The objective of the programme was to find technical and economically viable options for local conditions. The research project has shown that the locally available sandy materials can be mechanically stabilised to provide an adequate base course without the high cost of conventional stabilisation. | ||
| Uptake and Embedment as Key Elements of a Sustainable Rural Transport Research Programme | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J.;Greening, A. | 2018 | Although applied research can and should play an increasingly significant role in improving the effectiveness and sustainability of this infrastructure, there remain barriers to be overcome in ensuring speedier application of the research outcomes. The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is a UKAID-DFID funded initiative comprising AsCAP (Asian Community Access Partnership and AfCAP (African Community Access Partnership) and the previous South East Asian Community Access Programme (SEACAP). Its aim is to improve accessibility of the rural poor in Africa and Asia to economic opportunities through applied research and by strengthening the evidence base on more cost effective and reliable low volume roads and transport services. ReCAP has taken on board lessons learnt from previous research programmes and has structured its applied research on rural transport projects within a framework that includes dissemination, uptake and embedment as integral programme elements alongside capacity development. | ||
| Approaches to Appraise the Impact of Rural Road Maintenance in Sub Saharan Africa | University of Birmingham | Burrow, M.;Ghataora, G.;Shumbusho, R.;Bopoto, C.;Lema, C. | 2018 | A number of agencies have commissioned empirical studies to demonstrate the impacts of investment in rural road infrastructure. This paper analyses published methodologies and draws a number of lessons which can be learnt for similar studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. These findings are utilised to devise an econometric approach which has been developed to assess the impacts of rural road maintenance on the livelihoods of rural communities in thirty communities in three rural districts in Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zambia. The results of the study suggest that road condition has an impact on travel times and transport costs to the local markets. However, the sale prices at the nearest largest market of a variety of goods that have been exported from the communities considered, or imported to the same, were not found to be related to road condition. This suggests that vendors agree, formally or informally, to fix the prices of goods and therefore transport cost savings are retained by the village or market vendor rather than being passed on to the consumer. In some areas it was found that transport availability and costs are governed by the presence of large numbers of motorcycles and their overloading of motorcycles, rather than by road condition. | ||
| Reanalysing existing data to enhance understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport in Ghana | Amend;Transaid | Adu, J.;Rettie, N. | 2018 | The use of motorcycles and motorised three-wheelers in Africa has increased greatly in recent years. In rural areas, motorcycles are now the most common type of vehicles in many countries. They are often operated as taxis, charging a fare to carry passengers and goods. Ghana is one of four countries in which a research study on "Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks" is being supported by the African Community Access Partnership (AfCAP). The other countries are Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. A key part of the study in Ghana is to reanalyse relevant existing data, but with a rural focus, thereby providing a detailed understanding of issues in rural areas. Through this study, the data has been reanalysed to establish the magnitude and pattern of motorcycle-related deaths and injuries on low-volume rural roads. Similarly, data from other government departments has also been reanalysed with a rural focus. The research also involves a survey of motorcycle and three-wheeler riders, owners and users, as well as non-users, to understand the benefits and disbenefits of these modes. A review of policy and legislation will identify opportunities to increase the effectiveness of regulation. The study's findings will inform decision-makers as they undertake a review of the existing ban on motorcycle taxis in Ghana. | ||
| Investigation of the use of Cinder Gravels in Pavement Layers for Low Volume Roads | Progress Report 5 | TRL | Hearn, G.;Otto, A.;Greening, A. | 2017 | This Progress Report summarises progress made on the Cinder Gravels research project during March - June 2017. During this period the cinder gravel testing has been completed and the results have been reviewed, both in terms of engineering implications and potential future source areas. All field engineering geological field data has been reviewed and summarised, and the engineering geological descriptions of material strength have been compared with the lab test data. Geographical areas where cinder gravels appear to be, on the whole, stronger than others have been identified, and the Debre Zeit (Bishoftu) and Butajira areas were selected for ground truthing. Visits were made to cinder cones in these areas and additional samples were collected for AIV testing. These test results were received at the end of June 2017 and have been reviewed as part of this Progress Report. Generally, the materials tested during the ground truthing were found to be suitable either as base or sub-base (though there are some exceptions) and the engineering geological descriptions were generally supported by the AIV results. | |
| Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Value-for-Money of DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low-Volume Roads in Comparison with Conventional Designs | Final Workshop Report | Infra Africa (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M.;Zyl, G. van;Hongve, J.;Paige-Green, P.;Mukandila, E. | 2018 | A workshop was arranged by ReCAP to discuss the outcome of the Draft Final Report on the Evaluation of Cost Effectiveness and Value-for-Money of the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Roads in Comparison with Conventional Designs (referred to as “the Cost Evaluation Report”), as well as a companion report on the Development of the DCP-DN Method. The workshop was held in Durban, South Africa, on Friday 12th October, 2018. A principal purpose of the workshop and the documents provided was to demonstrate that the DCP-DN method was founded on sound scientific principles and could be used with confidence albeit within defined limits. In addition, the workshop was expected to provide guidance on further research work necessary to improve the efficacy and applicability of the DCP-DN design method for LVRs. The workshop presentations triggered a number of comments and clarifications from participants, the main outcomes of which are summarised in this report. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Phase 2 Report | TRL | Otto, A.;Zihni, J.;Mukura, K.;Rolt, J.;McPherson, K. | 2018 | Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis is a project being carried out in three phases scheduled for completion by April 2019. Phase 2, reported on in this document, involved further development of the database architecture and structure, a more detailed gap analysis, extensive review of other existing reports and data, training of counterparts from participating countries on the use of the database, and further population of the database. A detailed gap analysis or a meta-analysis (depending on the volume of data) will be carried out on the data to determine any critical information and data gaps. Such additional information, if required, will be collected through limited fieldwork. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six African Countries and Myanmar | Meeting Report (August 2018) | CDS | Geddes, R. | 2018 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. A coordination meeting, reported on in this document, was held between experts engaged by ReCAP on capacity building projects for LTPP monitoring in Africa and Asia. The meeting was held in Johannesburg on 24th August 2018. The meeting enabled the experts to share their experiences on the LTPP programme, and to agree on key aspects of programme including responsibilities for collection and analysis of data and the format and content of the regional monitoring guidelines. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Progress Report No. 6 (May to July 2018) | CDS | Geddes, R.;Bopoto, C.;Gongera, K.;Lema, C.;Haule, J. | 2018 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is providing technical assistance to foster improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The four countries participating are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. Project activities in the period May to July 2018 included visits by the GEM Advisory Team to Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zambia. The participating roads agencies are preparing for the 2018 round of data collection. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six African Countries and Myanmar | Inception Report | CDS;IMC Worldwide | Dangare, F. | 2018 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The Inception phase, reported on in this document, included a visit by the CDS advisory team to Malawi, Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia in May 2018 to meet the participating roads agency staff and the local consultants, visit a selection of roads earmarked for monitoring, and assess monitoring work already carried out. South Sudan will participate in the next round of country visits and DR Congo will participate in the project workshop. Preparations are in place for an initial visit to Myanmar in July 2018. A key objective of the project is to develop capacity within each RRC to independently manage the monitoring programme in the longer term. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Management of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Ethiopia | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Arnold, K.;Maritz, J.;Roux, M.;Head, M.;Roux, A. Le;Makhanya, S.;Engelbrecht, F.;Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This Document is a Country Report on the management of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change using the principles and recommendations set out in the Handbook and the relevant Guidelines. It features issues specific to Ethiopia, dealing with the issues of adaptation, incorporation of climate risk information into systems, and actions to put in place a policy that specifically deals with incorporating climate change adaptation (CCA) at the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and its operations. | |
| Pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone | Training Report | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University;FRED Engineering | Tripodi, A.;Wurie, N.;Robibaro, M. | 2018 | This report provides an overview of the training of trainers course held in Freetown on the 17thand 18th of July 2018 (hosted by Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority). The training focused on two main topics: i) performing road traffic crash data collection according to the framework developed for Sierra Leone; and ii) using the accident data management system customised to Sierra Leone stakeholder needs. Fourteen stakeholders from various entities involved in the road traffic crash data collection and analysis process have been trained so that they can in turn train other colleagues. Some outcomes of the training were also used to make small changes to the data collection forms. | |
| Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts | Dissemination Report | Transaid | Silva, A.;Bearman, F.;Clark, S. | 2018 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts is being implemented by Transaid in 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. The assignment will produce a series of short films based on core themes and will feature interview footage with the selected rural transport experts. In addition, the short films will link to the key published materials of each of the targeted senior rural transport experts. This report documents the progress so far on Phase Three: Dissemination. As well as providing a status update, the report expands on the dissemination strategy designed initially and goes on to make recommendations for the extension of this assignment. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Visual Assessment Manual | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B., | 2018 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This manual describes the nature and collection of the type of data that constitute inputs for climate resilience assessments and the implementation of appropriate adaptation techniques, which is normally not part of the routine data collection for asset management purposes. This includes issues such as erosion, problem soils, drainage from the road and its near environment as well as from outside the road reserve, instability of embankments and cuttings, construction issues and maintenance problems. For expedience and to minimise costs, this should be done during the routine visual condition assessments, by the assessment teams or others trained specifically for the purpose. Based on the typical problems expected, the assessments are probably best done by those with a geotechnical, engineering geological or geomorphological background. A standard form for recording the data is provided. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Climate Adaptation Handbook - Draft for Comments | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Head, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Roux, A. le;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K. | 2018 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This Handbook covers part of item (a) and contributes towards (b) and (c) above. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Change Management Guidelines | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Head, M.;Verhaeghe B.;Maritz, J | 2018 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. An independent Climate Adaptation Handbook has been developed that particularly addresses part (a) of this study focus in detail as well as paying attention to aspects relating to parts (b), (c) and (d). The Guideline presented in this document acts as a supporting document to the Handbook and is specifically aimed at providing change management guidelines relating to non-engineering adaptation options. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Climate Threats and Vulnerability Assessment Guidelines - Draft for Comments | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Roux, A. le;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K.;Roux, M. | 2018 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study addresses the issues of appropriate and economical methodologies for vulnerability and risk assessments; prioritisation of adaptation interventions; and optimisation of asset resilience in the context of rural access low-volume roads. In addition, evidence of cost and economic and social benefit links to rural communities arising from more resilient rural access will be provided to support wider policy adoption across Africa. In this guideline, users are guided through the process of conducting a climate threat and vulnerability study at national/ regional and project level by applying the developed semi-quantitative AfCAP risk and vulnerability assessment framework. This framework is used to highlight high-risk areas in terms of climate impacts on low-volume access roads. The results of such an application are meant to guide and support decision making and prioritisation when adapting existing and new road infrastructure to the impacts of climate change. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Engineering Adaptation Guidelines - Draft for Comments | CSIR;Paige-Green consulting;St. Helen's consulting | Paige-Green, P.; Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M. | 2018 | AfCAP has commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This Guideline covers part of item (a) and contributes towards (b) and (c) above. In this Guideline, engineering adaptation options related to the various climatic stressors are presented. The crucial importance of effective drainage and timely and appropriate maintenance is highlighted. Adaptation techniques for handling the expected changes in temperature and precipitation, windiness, sea level rise and more frequent extreme events are identified and discussed. These are specifically related to unpaved roads, paved roads, sub-grade materials, earthworks and drainage within and outside the road reserve as well as possible implications for construction activities. The impacts on maintenance practices are also highlighted and guidance given. | |
| Development of Low Volume Road design manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | Peer Review Report for Sierra Leone and Ghana | CDS | Geddes, R.;Ebels, L.;Barnes, S.;Odametey, F.;Hearn, G.;Bopoto,C.;Adams, C.;Beckley, A. | 2018 | ReCAP is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads for Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. These draw on existing material available in these countries, as well as relevant documentation developed in other ReCAP participating countries. Inputs by local experts are supplemented by inputs by international experts with experience in rural roads. The preparation of the manuals includes local stakeholder participation through workshops and a peer review process. In January 2018 a “zero draft” of each Part of the Sierra Leone and Ghana manuals was discussed at two-day in-country workshops. This enabled the preparation of the first draft of these manuals, which were then reviewed by National Peer Reviewers and an International Peer Reviewer. The purpose of the peer review process, documented in this report, was to ensure that the documents are technically sound, of a consistently high quality, relevant to the target country, and free of errors. The peer review of these two manuals was generally favourable concerning the scope and content of the manuals. | |
| Defining a Post-Conflict Role for Rural Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Crosscutting Literature Review | Alabama University; CTR | Jones, S.;Walsh, J. | 2013 | Responding to a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the role transport can play in preserving peace in a post-conflict environment, AfCAP issued research to explore and document relationships between transport and political stability in the context of rural Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as evidenced in relevant academic and professional literature. Essentially, the study documents a crosscutting literature review within the two fields of Transport Policy and Peace Studies with a view to identifying new interdisciplinary research themes on which to base future work. | ||
| Guidelines for Mainstreaming Gender in Rural Transport | Desk Review | Tanzarn, N. | 2018 | The report presents findings of a review of seven projects funded under the ReCAP Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport Initiative. The main purpose of the review was to synthesise lessons learnt and good practices to inform the preparation of illustrative guidelines for mainstreaming gender in rural transport. The review established that there have been several initiatives in Africa and Asia to mainstream gender in transport policy, planning, institutions and projects. These initiatives have contributed to the increased visibility of the gender dynamics of rural transport and have expanded women's employment opportunities and thus access to income. However, these gender mainstreaming in transport policy and planning initiatives have not yet triggered transformative changes, and therefore risk not being sustainable in the longer term. | ||
| Development of Low Volume Road Design Manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | Second Workshop Report | CDS | Geddes, R.;Goldie-Scot, H.;Ebels, L.;Barnes, S.;Odametey, F.;Hearn, G. | 2018 | ReCAP is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) for Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. The new manuals draw on similar documents developed in other ReCAP participating countries and existing material available in the participating countries. The preparation of the manuals includes local stakeholder participation through workshops and a peer review process. The purpose of the second workshops was to consolidate stakeholder engagement in determining the relevance of the manual contents. Discussions and practical exercises carried out during the workshops highlighted several issues to be addressed by the authors for the “first draft” of the manual for each country. The final manuals are expected to be launched in early 2018. | |
| Design, Construction, Supervision and Baseline Monitoring of Trials Sections on Low Volume Roads in Zambia | Experimental Design and Research Matrix Report | Rankin | Paige-Green, P.;Hongve, J.;Pinard, M.;Rattray, S. | 2018 | A project for the “Design, Construction Supervision and Baseline Monitoring of Trial Sections on Low Volume Roads in Zambia” is being carried out under the AfCAP programme. The success of Zambia's programme of sealing rural roads will depend on the adoption of pavement design standards, materials specifications and construction techniques that are appropriate to low volume roads (LVRs). This report describes the “experimental design” and the development of the research matrix based on the sampling and testing of in situ and locally available materials and the construction and monitoring requirements related to the implementation of two Trial sections that have been designed using the DCP DN method and incorporating three types of bituminous surfacing. It is anticipated that the outputs of the project will ultimately be used to improve local design practices for rural access roads. | |
| Climate Resilient Concrete Structure in Marine Environment of Bangladesh | Cost Analysis Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2018 | This project has examined the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. This report compares the life-cycle cost analysis for three different concrete mixes, viz, LGED nominal mix 1:1.5:3 with stone aggregates, brick aggregates and recommended durable concrete mix containing 30% flyash. The cost analysis study for a sample structural element (deck slab of bridge/culvert) concludes that the recommended durable concrete mix fulfils the 75-year design life with no major repair costs. On the other hand, the current LGED specified concrete mixes incur repair costs, which is therefore not a cost-effective design for concrete structures in coastal regions of Bangladesh. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Trial Sections in Mozambique incorporating Capacity Building of Road Research Centre Personnel | Training Workshop Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Paige Green, P. | 2018 | AfCAP is assisting the Mozambique National Roads Administration (ANE) to evaluate existing road experimental sections constructed previously in Mozambique under several programmes, including with AfCAP support. These trial sections were designed to demonstrate and verify different options in design, material utilisation and construction methods for rural roads (particularly low-volume rural roads- LVR). To achieve the objective of influencing future policy in the road sector, it is necessary to review the outcomes of all trial sections constructed in Mozambique and to start a process of establishing new trial sections. Training was provided in how to identify, prioritise and carry out research projects on roads. A list of possible future research projects for the RRC was developed and prioritised. RRC members were also provided with assistance in the preparation of technical papers which were submitted to the SARF/IRF/PIARC Regional Conference for Africa to be held in Durban in October 2018. | |
| Mainstreaming Gender in Transport in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Tanzarn, N. | 2018 | Presentation held at the Women In Transport (WIT) conference held in Nairobi, Kenya on 21-23 November 2018. The presentation provides an overview of the cluster of projects on gender mainstreaming in (rural) transport that was implemented over 2015-2017, the approach taken, its significance, outcomes and recommendations. | ||
| Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts | Knowledge Acquisition Report | Transaid | Silva, A.;Clark, S. | 2018 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts is being implemented by Transaid in 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. This report gives an update on the knowledge acquisition process, highlighting the steps taken during the phase of data collection and filmed interviews, the activities completed and ongoing, as well as identifies the next steps going forward. | |
| Evaluation of the cost-beneficial improvement of first mile access on small-scale farming and agricultural marketing | Phase 3 Report | TRL Ltd.;International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Hine, J.;Otto, A.;Workman, R. | 2018 | The AfCAP project on the Evaluation of cost-beneficial improvements of First Mile access is concerned with research into measures for improvement of ‘First Mile' access and the transport services associated with transferring harvest produce on the initial stages of movement from the farm to established road access. The project has now conducted fieldwork in Kenya and Tanzania to explore transport service and engineering solutions for the provision of improved access to markets for small scale farmers. This data collection was undertaken from November 2017 to May 2018 at the two selected sites in Kenya and in Tanzania. This data has been analysed in this report and some tentative conclusions have been drawn. The data analysis will be discussed at forthcoming stakeholder workshops in September 2018, held in each country. | |
| Rural and Rural-Urban Connectivity in the Asia Pacific Region | United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) | Regmi, M. | 2018 | Presentation held at the ReCAP Rural-Urban Connectivity pre-event at the EST Forum 2018 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The presentation addresses the issues and challenges that remain with connecting remote community to the transport network in the Asia-Pacific Region. | ||
| Rural-Urban Connectivity – Vientiane Declaration on Sustainable Rural Transport towards Achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development | United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) | Mohanty, C.;Joshi, G. | 2018 | Presentation held at the ReCAP Rural-Urban Connectivity pre-event at the EST Forum 2018 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The presentation addresses the status and update of the Vientiane Declaration on Sustainable Rural Transport towards achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. | ||
| Rural Transport and its role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2018 | Presentation held at the ReCAP Rural-Urban connectivity pre-event at the EST Forum 2018 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The presentation highlights the role of rural transport in achieving the SDGs, and particularly centres on five key messages to promote rural transport on the multilateral development agenda. | ||
| The First Mile and the Rural Access Index | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2018 | Presentation held at the ReCAP Rural-Urban connectivity pre-event at the EST Forum 2018 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The presentation summarises the status of ReCAP research on the First Mile transport for small-holder farmers and on the Rural Access Index (RAI). | ||
| Enhancing the sustainability of the ReCAP Rural Access Library | Phase 1 Final Report | We Are Potential Ltd | Colmer, S.;Bimbe, N.;Mason, P. | 2018 | The Rural Access Library is a repository of rural roads and transport services evidence, containing outputs from the current ReCAP programme and previous programmes. The Enhancing the sustainability of the ReCAP Rural Access Library project aims to bring the repository up to international standards and to have all relevant information available for ReCAP to engage in negotiations with a potential future host of the Rural Access Library, hence paving the way for long-term quality, sustainability and transferability of the repository. This Phase 1 Final report outlines the activities undertaken by We Are Potential Limited during Phase 1. It provides a summary of the review that was conducted, the results that were found, and the recommendations that are made for possible implementation in Phase 2. The areas covered were the meta data, repository content, policies and cross repository harvesting. The project equally looks into future hosting of the repository beyond the end of the ReCAP programme. | |
| Enhancing the sustainability of the ReCAP Rural Access Library | Inception Report | We Are Potential Ltd | Colmer, S. | 2018 | The Rural Access Library is a repository of rural roads and transport services evidence, containing outputs from the current ReCAP programme and previous programmes. The Enhancing the sustainability of the ReCAP Rural Access Library project aims to bring the repository up to international standards and to have all relevant information available for ReCAP to engage in negotiations with a potential future host of the Rural Access Library, hence paving the way for long-term quality, sustainability and transferability of the repository. This inception report sets out the overall objectives and approach to the project, together with the activities that are planned in order to meet those objectives. It provides a summary of the findings from initial meetings between ReCAP and consultants, We Are Potential Limited, and any proposed changes to the project activities arising. | |
| Scoping Study for a ReCAP Massive Open Online Course (or MOOC series) | Inception Report | Nadya Mundo | Barrett, K.;Gaible, E. | 2018 | There are several topics within the realm of the ReCAP research strategies that would be appropriate for a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). This scoping study explores technology solutions in support of distance learning and knowledge sharing. The key target groups for (a) ReCAP MOOC(s) are Africa- and Asia-based rural road and transport services researchers and students, their institutions, and transport decision makers at national, regional and local levels. The outcome of this scoping study is a full implementation plan for a MOOC, or similar technology-driven solution, to facilitate knowledge management and promote learning. This report covers the Inception phase and includes a MOOC literature review. | |
| Implementing a GIS Based Methodology for Determining Highly Vulnerable Rural Access Roads to a Changing Climate in Ethiopia | CSIR | Arnold, K.; Roux, A. le; Khuluse-Makhanya, S. | 2018 | Climate-related risks are the major driver of hunger and food insecurity in Ethiopia, with the majority of poor communities being most vulnerable to their impacts. Improved rural accessibility is vital to reducing the number of highly vulnerable communities, and increasing rural resilience. In this paper, a geospatial indicator-based risk and vulnerability assessment method was applied as a tool for determining rural access roads that are highly vulnerable to changing climate in Ethiopia. The assessment is intended to help guide, through prioritisation, the identification of highly vulnerable areas where appropriate climate adaptation measures would be most effective in reducing the impacts of climate variability and change. | ||
| Call for Abstracts - 9th Africa T2 Conference 2019 | ASANRA; ANE | ASANRA | 2018 | This is the call for papers for the 9th Africa Transport Technology Transfer Conference 2019, organised by ASANRA and hosted by ANE. | ||
| Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) In Zambia | Inception Report | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I.;Rolt, J.;Hongve, J.;Rattray, S.;Ribbens, H.;Garner, D.;Mukandila, E. | 2018 | The ReCAP-supported project for the Development of Pavement and Geometric Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Rural and Urban) in Zambia is being undertaken in five stages. This report covers the first three stages: 1 (kick off), 2 (recruitment of the Expert Team) and 3 (inception workshop), which have all been completed. The report also includes a comprehensive literature review. The development of the Pavement Design Manual will follow a similar approach adopted for other manuals produced previously under ReCAP, with the one exception that the Zambian manual will be divided into two parts, namely: Part A: Rural Roads, and Part B: Urban Roads (Streets). | |
| Rural Access and Transport and the SDGs | ReCAP PMU | Abedin, M. | 2018 | Presentation held at the Asian Development Bank Transport Forum 2018, special session on Rural Roads - Rural Access and Transport. | ||
| Rural Transport Research in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J. | 2018 | Presentation held at the 2018 Asian Development Bank Forum; special session on Rural Roads – Rural Access and Transport | ||
| Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts | Inception Report | Transaid | Silva, A.;Clark, S. | 2018 | The project Retaining Rural Access Knowledge of Experienced Rural Transport Sector Experts was awarded to Transaid in April 2018, with the objective of mapping, documenting and storing the knowledge of senior rural transport experts, packaging this knowledge into electronic formats appropriate for dissemination to a wider audience. The project will produce short films based on core themes and will feature interviews with the selected experts. In addition, the short films will link to the key published materials of each of the targeted senior rural transport experts. This report presents the results of the Inception Phase, namely: the detailed project work plan, the details of the knowledge acquisition methodology and approach, and a list of proposed rural transport experts for participation in this assignment. The report also includes the key challenges observed during this phase and concludes by detailing the next steps. | |
| ReCAP Brand Audit | Inception Report | Mercury Group Ltd | Acum, A.;Taylor, S. | 2018 | ReCAP (Research for Community Access Partnership) brings together current and former DFID-funded research programmes in rural roads and transport services. Four years into the project, ReCAP would like to have a better understanding of the current status of brand awareness, identity and online presence for the three brands. For this purpose ReCAP tendered a brand audit. The brand audit will be delivered through a seven-stage process as follows: i. Desk research, ii. Familiarisation, iii. Stakeholder mapping and consultation, iv. Touchpoints and personas, v. Online presence assessment, vi. Assessment of brand framework, vii. Vision and mission of the ReCAP, AsCAP and AfCAP programmes. This report covers the inception phase of the brand audit. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six African Countries and Myanmar | Report on Initial Visit to Myanmar | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Pinard, M. I. | 2018 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the development of appropriate specifications for Low Volume Roads. Monitoring is being carried out in accordance with existing ReCAP draft regional guidelines for the monitoring of experimental road sections, which will be updated under the project. The CDS advisory team visited Myanmar from 7th – 13th July 2018. The team met staff of the Ministry of Works (MOW) and the Department for Rural Road Development (DRRD) and assisted them to establish four monitoring sections on the TGI 1 Road near Tuanggyi in Shan State. The monitoring of these sections will not provide evidence for developing new specifications for low volume roads in Myanmar, but they provide a useful training site for RDU staff on the establishment of monitoring sections and conducting most of the standard measurements and tests. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six African Countries and Myanmar | Field Visit Report No. 1 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2018 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the establishment of appropriate specifications for Low Volume Roads. Monitoring is being carried out in accordance with existing guidelines for the establishment and monitoring of experimental and LTPP sections, which will be updated under the project. The CDS advisory team visited Malawi, Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia in May 2018 to meet the participating roads agency staff and the local consultants, visit a selection of roads earmarked for monitoring, and assess monitoring work already carried out. Discussions were held on the selection of monitoring sections, implementation of the monitoring protocols, the programme of monitoring activities, and the reporting requirements of the project. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Progress Report 5 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Lema, C.;Bopoto, C.;Gongera, K.;Muhia, G.;Haule, J. | 2018 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is providing technical assistance to foster improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The four countries participating are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. Project activities in the period February to April 2017 included visits by the GEM Advisory Team to all the participating countries and participation in a meeting of AfCAP regional project team leaders in Pretoria. A meeting was held with the sector stakeholders in Lusaka to discuss funding constraints for road maintenance. Data describing the status of asset management in the project areas at end of 2017 has been analysed and compared to the baseline of 2016. This analysis shows that there is progress with addressing shortcomings in road asset management in the project areas, but such progress is being constrained by the failure of central government to allocate adequate funds for road maintenance. There is a need to strengthen policy and practice at the national level for the management of maintenance funds, and to identify new sources of revenue. | |
| Capacity Building and Mentorship for the Establishment and Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Programmes on Experimental and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Sections in Six African Countries and Myanmar | Inception Report | IMC Worldwide; Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Dangare, F.;Geddes, R. | 2018 | The Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) is providing support to Road Research Centres (RRC) in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to collect performance-based data from existing trial/demonstration road sections. The data will provide evidence for the establishment of appropriate specifications for Low Volume Roads. The road sections are being monitored and evaluated in terms of the pavement design, materials and surfacing, drainage design, geometric design, road safety and performance under traffic. Monitoring is being carried out in accordance with existing guidelines for the establishment and monitoring of experimental and LTPP sections, which will be updated under the project. This report covers the Inception phase of the project, which included a visit by the CDS advisory team to Malawi, Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia in May 2018 to meet the participating roads agency staff and the local consultants, visit a selection of roads earmarked for monitoring, and assess monitoring work already carried out. | |
| Development and Support to the implementation of a Strategic Plan for the Establishment of Sustainable Road Research Capacity in Malawi | Final Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Roux, M. | 2018 | Cognisant of the need to strengthen road research capacity in the country, the Government of Malawi, through the Roads Authority, requested for technical support from AfCAP for the activities to develop and support the implementation of a Strategic Plan for the establishment of sustainable road research capacity building programme in the country. This Strategic Plan was developed through consultative meetings and workshops with key stakeholders in the road sector. Outcomes of the situational assessment are presented, identifying the gaps. The linkage of the Strategic Plan to national transport policy framework is established. Institutional arrangements, including actions plans with time-lines are presented for the implementation and operationalization of the programme to ensure sustainable road research capacity building in Malawi. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Draft Country Discussion Paper Tanzania | Amend; Transaid; TRL Ltd. | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Mwaipopo, H. | 2018 | The initial findings of the Tanzanian component of this four-country study have revealed just how important motorcycle taxis are to people living in rural areas of Tanzania. However, there are also very real safety concerns. While riders and passengers face the risk of crashes and personal security threats, this does not stop people from using motorcycle taxis. The alternative modes of transport available in rural areas – often only walking and cycling – cannot compare in terms of benefits. The results of the survey can be used by policy makers and the government to better understand the issues in rural areas and identify areas for targeted intervention. | |
| Guideline for the Use of Cinder Gravels in Pavement Layers for Low Volume Roads | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2018 | This Guideline has been produced with the aim of promoting a better understanding of cinder gravels and extending their potential use in the provision of low volume roads for the benefit of rural communities. This Guideline should be used in close conjunction with the Ethiopian Low Volume Roads Manual Part B 2017. | ||
| Investigation of the use of Cinder Gravels in Pavement Layers for Low Volume Roads | FInal Report | TRL Ltd. | Hearn, G.;Otto, A.;Greening, A. | 2018 | This report describes the activities carried out in the delivery of the project in Ethiopia on the use of cinder gravels, the main findings, the challenges faced, and recommendations for how similar projects might be carried out in the future. The report has also identifies areas of further research to be conducted as an outcome of this study. A reluctance to use these materials in the past has stemmed from the view that their properties, in terms of grading and CBR strength, are marginal and highly variable when compared to specifications for road materials. A programme of engineering geological investigation, sampling and laboratory testing illustrates the variability in the engineering properties of cinder gravels and provides recommendations for sampling, selection and appropriate use. Guidelines and recommendations for use of cinder gravels have been produced. | |
| Regional Capacity Building and Training Services on Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Annexes G, H and I to Final Training Report | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | Annexes G,H and I to the Final Training Report of the regional capacity building on DCP pavement design for Low Volume Sealed roads in Asia cover the course evaluation questionnaire and outcomes. | |
| Regional Capacity Building and Training Services on Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Annexes A to D to Final Training Report | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | Annexes A to D to the Final Training Report of the regional capacity building on DCP pavement design for Low Volume Sealed roads in Asia cover the workshop information note, workshop programme, list of delegates and opening remarks by the Nepali host. | |
| Regional Capacity Building and Training Services on Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Final Training Report | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I.;Paige-Green, P. | 2018 | As part of its capacity building initiative in the AsCAP region, ReCAP supported a 6-day Basic Level training workshop that was held in Kathmandu, Nepal from 28th May to 2nd June, 2018. The main objective of the workshop was to expose delegates to the latest developments in the environmentally optimized design of low volume sealed roads in which the DCP-DN method is a central aspect. The workshop was attended by 30 delegates from the five AsCAP countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Fourth Quarterly Progress Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Paige-Green Consulting; St Helens Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Komba, J.;Maritz, J.;Arnold, K. | 2018 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased project to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This fourth Quarterly Progress Report outlines the progress that has been made over the period from March 2018 to May 2018. It primarily focusses on the following seven activities/events: (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections; (b) feedback on the embedment workshop and meetings held in Mozambique; (c) improvements to the Engineering Adaptation Guidelines; (d) status of the country reports; and (e) knowledge dissemination. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis, with a Focus on Satellite Imagery | Final Report | TRL Ltd.; Airbus | Workman, R. | 2018 | This project was designed to look to the future for road management in Africa and explore different and innovative cost-effective solutions to well established problems related to a lack of knowledge of rural road networks. This Final Report provides an overview of the project activities carried out and the results obtained. There are two main aspects to the project, the high-tech solutions to increase knowledge of low volume rural road networks and the assessment of road condition using high resolution satellite imagery. Trials were undertaken in five countries. A Guideline has been produced, which clearly sets out the situations where this methodology can be used, and where it would not be appropriate. There is good potential for automation of the visual imagery assessment process. | |
| Pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone | 2nd Workshop Report | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University; FRED Engineering | Tripodi, A. | 2018 | The pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone aims to set up a methodology for road traffic crash data collection using sample data on a pilot basis, and to develop and implement an electronic data management system for road traffic crash data storage, analysis and retrieval for Low Volume Roads. This report provides an overview of the stakeholder workshop held in Freetown on 16th July 2018 (hosted by Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority) to present and get approval for the accident data management system. The system has been adapted to the local conditions of the country and to the needs expressed by the stakeholders. Outcomes of the workshop also allowed the team to further refine the road traffic crash data collection forms proposed in the project to better fit with the needs of the police force. | |
| Development of Low Volume Road design manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | Second Workshop Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Goldie-Scot, H. | 2018 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) for three AfCAP member countries in the West Africa sub-region. These are Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. This report covers a second stakeholder workshop held in Sierra Leone on 29th and 30th January 2018 and in Ghana on 1st and 2nd February 2018. The purpose of these workshops was to consolidate stakeholder engagement in determining, for each manual, the most appropriate scope and style and to verify the relevance of the manual content. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis, with a Focus on Satellite Imagery | Tanzania Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2018 | This report assesses the suitability of some technologies used in the high-tech solutions project to the road network in Tanzania. An extension was granted to test the methodology in an appropriate environment and in a roll-out scenario for a specific situation, as defined by the Roads Fund Board (RFB). A guideline has been completed and is available on the ReCAP website, which outlines potential high-tech solutions, and gives specific guidance on the inventory and condition assessment methodology from satellite imagery and the situations in which it should and should not be used. Guidance is also provided on how different technologies can work together. The satellite imagery has been procured, the ground truthing was completed using existing data and videos for the two sites and the training was undertaken from 9 to 13 April 2018, in Dar es Salaam. The RFB invited the participants to the training and it was held at Ardhi University. This report assesses the relevance of the methodology to Tanzania and is based on the results of the training, training exercises, feedback from workshops held at the training and formal course feedback. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis, with a Focus on Satellite Imagery | Draft Interim Trials Report | TRL Ltd.; Airbus | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Irving, A. | 2017 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping LICs to improve their knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This interim trials report provides an update on the project activities. The majority of the trials have been focused on the satellite condition assessment using satellite imagery, which is being implemented in all four countries, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia. Other high-tech solutions have been investigated but no trials have yet been completed. Training has been completed in two countries, and three have finished the ground truthing. Zambia has completed an initial assessment by satellite and has analysed the results, but there is not yet enough analysed data to make any overall conclusions. It is hoped that all countries will complete their training and analysis within the next month, and some conclusions and recommendations can be made in the final trials report, due at the end of March 2017. | |
| Evaluation of the cost-beneficial improvement of first mile access on small-scale farming and agricultural marketing | Progress Statement No 2 | TRL Ltd.; International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Njenga, P.;Muhia, G.;Willilo, S. | 2018 | The AfCAP project on the Evaluation of cost-beneficial improvements of First Mile access is concerned with research into measures for improvement of ‘First Mile' access and the transport services associated with transferring harvest produce on the initial stages of movement from the farm to established road access. This report is the second progress statement. To date the research has undertaken a review of previous work on First Mile access and wider literature, defined the research questions and scope of work, held stakeholder workshops in Kenya and Tanzania, identified research sites in both countries, and commenced initial data collection. The research is currently in Phase 3, which is the data collection phase. This report presents progress made up to the 31st March 2018. | |
| Cinder Gravels Workshop at the iTRARR Conference-Mombasa, Kenya, - June 2018 | Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Hearn, G. | 2018 | This report provides a brief overview of the presentations made by A Otto and G Hearn in the framework of AfCAP sponsored workshop on cinder gravels at the iTRARR conference 2018 in Mombasa, Kenya. These presentations concerned the AfCAP-funded research undertaken on the use of cinder gravel in the low volume road sector in Ethiopia between January 2016 and February 2018. | |
| Engineering geology of cinder gravel in Ethiopia: prospecting, testing and application to low-volume roads | Hearn, G.;Otto, A.;Greening, A.;Endale, A.;Etefa, D. | 2018 | Journal Article published in the Bulleting of Engineering Geology and the Environment. Permanent url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1333-3 Expansion of the rural road network in Ethiopia requires the availability of low-cost materials for road construction, including capping layer and subgrade improvement, sub-base, base course, gravel wearing course and bituminised surface treatment. A reluctance to use cinder gravels for these purposes in the past has stemmed from the view that their properties, in terms of grading and CBR strength, are marginal and highly variable when compared to international specifications for road works. The geographical variability in Ethiopian cinder gravel geochemistry and engineering properties is described and comparisons are made with engineering geological field descriptions and cinder cone morphology, leading to the conclusion that maars and steep-sided, well-defined cones tend to yield the better-quality materials. The performance of trial sections of road constructed using cinder gravel is assessed and combined with the results of laboratory testing to develop a guideline for the wider use of the material in roadworks, either directly or through processes of blending, alternative compaction methods and cement stabilisation to yield a product that can be considered "fit for purpose" for a range of uses in low-volume road construction. | |||
| Launch, Training and Dissemination of the Kenya Low Volume Roads Pavement Design Guideline | Launch and Training Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2018 | This report provides a brief overview of the launch, training and dissemination of the Pavement Design Guideline for Low Volume Sealed Roads for Kenya. The Guideline was developed to assist Kenya in its low volume roads expansion programme dubbed ‘Roads 10000'. It was produced through a consultative and joint effort between various stakeholders supported by AfCAP. The Guideline was published in April 2017. It was launched by the Principal Secretary Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development on 21st June 2018 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya. | |
| Interactions between improved rural access infrastructure and transport services provision | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Starkey, P.;Hine, J.;Workman, R.;Otto, A. | 2018 | ReCAP has contracted TRL to research and disseminate how investments in low-volume rural roads (LVRR) impact rural transport services (RTS) and the mobility of people and their goods. The resulting guidelines for improving the LVRR provision-preservation-access continuum should assist authorities to have a more integrated approach to planning, designing and implementing rural access infrastructure investments and rural transport services provision. This should contribute towards the improved mobility of rural communities and socio-economic development. The Phase 1 research will involve reviews of the literature and analyses of existing datasets, and planning for subsequent phases. The report details the team's approach to the LVRR and RTS issues with relevant tables of key parameters, including external issues affecting traffic and transport services. The research will depend on obtaining transport services data which is scarce, as transport services authorities seldom have reliable LVRR data and roads authorities often only undertake traffic counts. The report indicates how a conceptual framework for delivering the subsequent data collection phase will be developed, and provides a preliminary stakeholder analysis, as well as an initial country-based situation analysis. The report provides suggestions for the forthcoming workshop and its timing. | |
| Rural Mobility and Socio-Economic Baseline Pilot Study in Liberia | Inception Report | University of Birmingham | Bopoto, C.;Burrow, M. | 2018 | There is a growing need to measure the impact of these rural access investments on livelihood opportunities and poverty reduction, and to measure the socio-economic benefits accruing to project beneficiaries. To this end, the Liberian Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for assessing the socio-economic impacts of rural road improvement projects. The system is being established with the assistance of the Liberian Swedish Feeder Roads Project (LSFRP) funded by the Swedish Government and the ReCAP programme through a pilot study to be undertaken with the guidance of the University of Birmingham. This Inception Report presents activities undertaken to date as part of the pilot study, and those still to be undertaken, by the University of Birmingham and outlines the study methodology and programme of activities. The report also indicates the planned outlay of resources to achieve the study objectives, confirms the project management structure as well as updates the current risk profile of the study. | |
| Guideline on the use of high tech solutions for road network inventory and condition analysis in Africa | TRL Ltd.; Airbus | TRL Ltd.;Airbus | 2017 | This guideline is the result of two research projects that have focused on high tech solutions for increasing the knowledge of road networks, with a focus on inventory and condition assessment from satellite imagery. The projects are: - Transport Infrastructure Monitoring project: Funded by the Satellite Applications Catapult and implemented in Nigeria in 2013/14; - The use of appropriate high-tech solutions for road network and condition analysis, with a focus on satellite imagery: Funded by AfCAP (DFID) and trialled in Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia in 2016/17. The guideline is presented in two parts, an overall guide to the range of high-tech solutions that are, and could be, used to increase knowledge of road networks in Africa; and a detailed methodology for assessing road condition from satellite imagery. | ||
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis, with a Focus on Satellite Imagery | Technical Status Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping LICs to improve their knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This report assesses the current situation of the high-tech solutions project. The main research has been completed, but an extension is under way in Tanzania to test methodology. So far certain conclusions have been drawn that the system, and the Tanzania trials will test it in a roll-out scenario guideline has been completed and is available on the ReCAP solutions, and give specific guidance on the inventory and from satellite imagery. Guidance is also provided on how different technologies can work together. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis, with a Focus on Satellite Imagery | Interim Progress Report No. 3 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping LICs to improve their knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This 3rd progress report shows the progress on deliverables during Phase 2, which is the research trials part of the project. Activities undertaken so far: Imagery has been procured for all countries; Zambia, Uganda and Ghana completed their ground truthing; Training has been carried out in Zambia, Uganda and Ghana; the methodology is in the process of being revised to suit the existing processes in each country. | |
| Pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone | Inception Report | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University; FRED Engineering | Tripodi, A. | 2018 | The pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone aims to set up a methodology for road traffic crash data collection using sample data on a pilot basis, and to develop and implement an electronic data management system for road traffic crash data storage, analysis and retrieval for Low Volume Roads. This inception report provides an overview of the organisation of consultations with the main Sierra Leone stakeholders involved in the road traffic crash process. | |
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the Implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda on Sustainable Development | Final Report | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2018 | From November 2016 to May 2018, the Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) has implemented a project commissioned by the UK Aid-funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) to promote sustainable rural access as a viable component of the implementation strategies for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to ensure its inclusion in the high-level, multi-lateral discourse on sustainable transport and rural development. This final report provides an overview of the results of the three workstreams under this project: 1) Advocacy and Outreach; 2) Global and Regional Dialogues; and 3) Operationalization of SDGs. The development of a set of key messages was vital to provide a solid foundation guiding the overall directions of the outputs of the project. The project helped to significantly increase awareness and recognition about rural transport and research among national governments, multilateral agencies, and other relevant stakeholders. | |
| Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness and Value-for-Money of DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low-Volume Roads in Comparison with Conventional Designs | Inception Report | Pinard, M. I.;van Zyl, G. | 2018 | The main purpose of the project is essentially to evaluate road sections designed in a number of African countries using the DCP-DN method in terms of cost-effectiveness and value-for-money. This Inception Report describes the initial phase of the project which principally reviewed the background to the project and carried out a desk study of alternative methods of LVR pavement design as a basis for selecting three CBR-based methods that are commonly used in the Sub-Saharan African region for comparison with the DCP-DN method by means of a life-cycle cost analysis. The report also presents the approach and methodology to be adopted for addressing the overall aims of the project. | ||
| Pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone | Report on the Framework for Accident Data Collection and Management | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University; FRED Engineering | Centre for Transport and Logistics (CTL) Sapienza University;FRED Engineering | 2018 | The pilot study to collect more robust accident data for Sierra Leone aims to set up a methodology for road traffic crash data collection using sample data on a pilot basis, and to develop and implement an electronic data management system for road traffic crash data storage, analysis and retrieval for Low Volume Roads. This report provides a description of outcomes from: recommended options for road traffic crash data collection suited to the needs of Sierra Leone; proposed framework for pilot road traffic crash data collection under the project; outline of proposed accident data management systems. Based on an assessment of current practices adopted in Sierra Leone for Road Traffic Crash collection, management and analysis, a set of recommended options for future practices can be defined. | |
| Trial sections on Low Volume Roads | Book of Drawings | Road Development Agency (RDA), Zambia | Road Development Agency Zambia | 2018 | This is the book of drawings pertaining to AfCAP project ZAM2097A Design, Construction, Supervision and Baseline Monitoring of Trial Sections on Low Volume Roads in Zambia. | |
| Training-of-trainers in the use of the DCP-DN pavement design method in Malawi | Training Report Course 3 | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2018 | The Roads Authority (RA) wishes to expand and embed the use of the DCP-DN Design Method for cost-effective design of Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) in Malawi. A project has been designed to undertake Training-of-trainers (ToT) for up to fifteen (15) candidates that have previously been trained up to an intermediate level of proficiency. The last of the three planned courses for the Trainee Trainers (TT) was conducted over two weeks from 12th to 23rd February, 2018. The outcome of the three ToT Courses was deemed to be satisfactory with two TTs – one from Zambia and one from Uganda – being recommended to be certified as Lead Trainers and six TTs – all from Malawi being recommended to be certified as Assistant Trainers. | ||
| Putting Rural Transport on the agenda for multi-lateral development – Lessons from Asia | Final Report | O'Neill, P. | 2018 | A Rural Transport pre-event was organised between ReCAP, SLoCaT, the UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), the UN Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) and the Lao PDR government, ahead of the 10th Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum for Asia, in March 2017. Following this capacity building pre-event, the EST Forum itself culminated in the adoption of the Vientiane Declaration on Sustainable Rural Transport towards achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on the successful example in Asia, this Report explores for ReCAP the option to support a similar process in the African region. The Report examines how ReCAP can influence the appropriate actors and stakeholders in the African region and play a catalysing role, providing research evidence to support the process. The Report provides lessons learnt in elevating the topic of rural transport and rural access to the agenda of the multilateral development discourse in Asia, in particular, the experience of the EST Forum for Asia. The analysis within the Report includes an assessment of the transferability of the lessons to other global regions, in particular Africa. | ||
| Training-of-Trainers Programme for participants from Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia in the use of the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method | Construction Report 2 | Hongve, J.;Mukendi, K.;Paige-Green, P.;Pinard, M. I. | 2018 | The objective of the DCP-DN pavement design and construction of the Trial Section is to compare the performance of the Trial Section with that of the Control Section, which has been designed using the existing DFR feeder roads design standards, and thus to provide inputs for the adoption of more appropriate LVSR design standards in Ghana. This report covers a site visit by AfCAP service providers in March 2018 and provides recommendations for the improved construction of the trial sections. | ||
| Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Dissmination Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P. | 2018 | This report provides an overview of the dissemination activities conducted for this ‘Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport' project. It reports on the research pathways to dissemination through electronic media, stakeholder events, and publication of findings; and brings the project to a closure, with the only outstanding milestone being the publication of the cluster of projects on Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Transport Sector, in a special issue of a high-profile, peer-reviewed Journal. | |
| Establishment of Tractor-based road works Demonstration-Training Unit in Zambia | Equipment Evaluation Report | Intech Associates; Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K.;Petts, I. | 2018 | Chongwe District in Zambia has been selected as the location for a Tractor Technology Demonstration and Training Unit (DTU). This report describes the initial project activities with regard to reviewing the Intermediate Technology Equipment needs of the Tractor Technology Demonstration Training Unit. The purpose of this project is to embark on implementation of the recommendations of the scoping study carried out in 2016, in a phased manner. This is a capacity building project that seeks to introduce a cost-effective and sustainable approach to rural road maintenance by using tractor-based technologies already successfully applied in a number of countries in the region. Training of a whole range of personnel from the District, contractors' and engineering firms as well as staff from the Road Development Agency (RDA) of Zambia and local authorities will be a key element of the project. | |
| Review of Low Volume Rural Road Standards and Specifications in Myanmar | Final Report | Dingen, R.;Cook, J. | 2018 | The Review of Rural Road Standards and Specifications in Myanmar project, implemented in the framework of the Asia Community Access Partnership (AsCAP), is the first phase of a two-staged project. This report provides a record of activities completed in Phase 1, comprising a gap analyses of low volume rural road standards and specifications, following a review of existing Myanmar standards and standards and specifications used in the region and elsewhere. The report identifies possible refinements of the existing standards and specifications, and recommends on the development of a LVRR Manual for Myanmar during Phase 2. | ||
| First Monitoring Report for 4 Low- Volume Sealed Roads in Kenya | Final Report | Across Africa | Waswa, A. | 2018 | AfCAP has been asked by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTI) through the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) and the Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KeRRA), to support research on utilization of non-standard materials for Low Volume Sealed Road (LVSR) pavements. As part of this process trial sections have been constructed on roads in various locations in Kenya for research purposes. The first monitoring round was conducted on four road sections. The surfacing of the roads showed varied performance. The roads also behaved differently in as far as rutting is concerned. Traffic experienced in all the roads was varied as well from previous survey. However, this could be attributed to the political activities during the time of the survey. | |
| Baseline Survey Report for 11 Low- Volume Sealed Roads in Kenya | Final Report | Across Africa | Waswa, A. | 2018 | AfCAP has been asked by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTI) through the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) and the Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KeRRA), to support research on utilization of non-standard materials for Low Volume Sealed Road (LVSR) pavements. As part of this process trial sections have been constructed on roads in various locations in Kenya for research purposes.The baseline survey sought to investigate 11 trial sections to determine the performance of the nonstandard construction materials used on the roads. This report contains a detailed account of all the investigative tests that were carried out to measure the performance of the eleven roads. These include traffic surveys, rut depth measurements, deflection measurements, DCP tests, moisture content determination, roughness measurements, trial pit sampling and standard soils tests, and visual condition assessment. This is followed by the results, mostly presented in tables and graphs. The challenges encountered during the exercise are also discussed. The roads showed very low base course CBR values and will thus provide a good opportunity in determining threshold values of the base course CBR for low volume sealed roads. The deflection/ stiffness of the pavements was highly variable along the section lengths. The surfacing on all the roads is cold mix asphalt. They show varied performance with the majority performing very well and others showing cracks, most likely attributed to weakness of the base and ravelling attributed to construction problems. | |
| ReCAP Status Review of the Updated Rural Access Index | SuM4All RAWG presentation | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Vincent, S. | 2018 | Presentation held at the SUM4All Rural Access Working Group meeting in May 2018, summarising the outcomes of the ReCAP status review of the updated Rural Access Index (RAI). | |
| Development of a Strategic Plan for the Establishment of Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Offices des Routes (OdR) in the DR Congo | Annex 1 to Final Report | SMEC Holdings Limited | SMEC Holdings Limited | 2018 | AfCAP has entrusted the Consultant 'SMEC' with the Development of a Strategic Plan for the Implementation of a Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Office des Routes (OdR) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This report is Annex 1 to the Final Report of March 2018; it concerns the database. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in the Motorcycle Taxi Sector in Rural Sierra Leone and Liberia | Final Report | Swansea University, UK | Peters, K.;Mokuwa, E.;Richards, P.;Jenkins, J. | 2018 | This Final Report on the ‘Gender Mainstreaming in the Motorcycle Taxi Sector in rural Sierra Leone and Liberia' project provides a background and context to the study, discusses the selected data collection tools, elaborates on the field data collection process and presents the key findings and policy recommendations that were obtained. The introduction and spread of motorcycle taxis in rural areas in Sierra Leone and Liberia have radically changed access and mobility for villagers. Rural women benefit strongly from this development, but motorcycle taxi operators are almost all males. However, in both countries there is a significant group of women who indicate a willingness and interest in becoming motorcycle taxi operators. A substantial part of the male population would be supportive of this, our study found. However, a number of obstacles were identified in realising this, with the unwillingness of businessmen to lease motorcycles – the most common way for operators to obtain a motorcycle – to women being perhaps the largest. Whether or not motorcycle taxis will become female operated as well, the positive contribution they have made to the lives and livelihoods of rural women is significant. | |
| Establishment of Road Research Capacity in Bangladesh | Business Plan for First Five Years of Operation | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2018 | This document presents the Business Plan for the first five years of operation of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) of the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). The Business Plan is expected to evolve over time in line with the shifting views and expectations of LGED under the Local Government Division of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, and the realities associated with the physical establishment of the RDU. The Business Plan addresses: (a) the vision, mission, goal and strategic objectives of the RDU; (b) governance issues, including the role and responsibilities of the Steering Committee, the institutional and physical location of the RDU, sources of funding, key performance indicators, and strategic relationships and linkages; (c) potential research areas, which future revision and prioritisation will be guided by a Research and Development Advisory Committee (RDAC); (d) capacitation of the RDU in terms of human resources; and (e) knowledge management, inclusive of information transfer. In addition to the above, an indicative budget is proposed that will have to be reassessed following the physical establishment of the RDU. | |
| Establishment of Road Research Capacity in Myanmar | RDU Business Plan for First Five Years of Operation | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2018 | This document presents the Business Plan for the first five years of operation of the Research and Development Unit (RDU) of the Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD). The Business Plan is expected to evolve over time in line with the shifting views and expectations of the DRRD under the Ministry of Construction (MOC), and the realities associated with the physical establishment of the RDU. The Business Plan addresses: (a) the vision, mission, goal and strategic objectives of the RDU; (b) governance issues, including the role and responsibilities of the Steering Committee, the institutional and physical location of the RDU, sources of funding, key performance indicators, and strategic relationships and linkages; (c) the short to medium-term research agenda of the RDU, which future revisions will be guided by a Rural Road Research Technical Committee (RRRTC); (d) capacitation of the RDU in terms of human resources and research infrastructure; and (e) knowledge management, inclusive of information transfer. In addition to the above, an indicative budget is proposed that will have to be reassessed following the physical establishment of the RDU. This plan has been replaced by an updated version in 2020 under the AsCAP project MYA2153A. | |
| Establishment of Road Research Capacity in Nepal | RDS Business Plan for First Five Years of Operation | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2018 | This document presents the Business Plan for the first five years of operation of the Research and Development Section (RDS) of the Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR). The Business Plan is expected to evolve over time in line with the shifting views and expectations of DoLIDAR under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD), and the realities associated with the physical establishment of the RDS. The Business Plan addresses: (a) the vision, mission, goal and strategic objectives of the RDS; (b) governance issues, including the role and responsibilities of the Steering Committee, the institutional and physical location of the RDS, sources of funding, key performance indicators, and strategic relationships and linkages; (c) potential research areas, which future revision and prioritisation will be guided by a Research and Development Technical Committee (RDTC); (d) capacitation of the RDS in terms of human resources; and (e) knowledge management, inclusive of information transfer. In addition to the above, an indicative budget is proposed that will have to be reassessed following the physical establishment of the RDS. | |
| Monitoring and Evaluation of Low Volume Roads Trial Sections in Ethiopia | Second Monitoring Report | Alert Engineering; Hitcon Engineering | Araya, A. A.;Chali, H. | 2018 | The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) through the Roads Research Centre (RRC) of the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) has constructed research sections with the aim of obtaining data that will assist in the rapid expansion of the sealed low-volume roads network. As part of this process the constructed trial sections require periodic monitoring and evaluation. The main objective of this report is to present the second monitoring and evaluation of the demonstration/research trials with particular reference given to the monitoring activities undertaken, the status and conditions of the trial section together with current measurements. The report provides details about the general site description and location of the four trail section projects, pavement structure types and section descriptions. Moreover the report consists of a brief discussion about the works performed and their indications and analysis and outcomes of the pavement evaluation performed during the monitoring period. | |
| Low Volume Rural Roads Standards and Specifications in Myanmar | Review Workshop Report | Dingen, R.;Sann, T. | 2018 | This Review Study in Myanmar is the first phase of a two-phased project: Phase 1 – Review study to identify and comment on the existing specifications and standards and Phase 2 – Development of improved rural road standards and specifications and design guidelines. This study is managed and funded by AsCAP on behalf of the Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD) in the Ministry of Construction. The aim is to develop a Myanmar specific Design Manual with appropriate low volume rural road standards and specifications. The purpose of this report is to record the proceedings of the Review Workshop held in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, on 24 January 2018. The workshop presented the findings of the review of existing standards and specifications, discussed the need for diversification and further refinement of standards and specifications and outlined the way forward, towards the development of a Design Manual. | ||
| Status Review of the Updated Rural Access Index (RAI) | Final Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Vincent, S. | 2018 | The Rural Access Index (RAI) was defined in 2005 as the proportion of the rural population living within 2 km of an all-season road. With support from ReCAP, the World Bank developed updated spatial analysis techniques to measure RAI, and trials were carried out in eight ReCAP countries. This status review is intended to address these concerns with a view to accelerating progress with the updated measurement of the RAI. Recommendations made for ReCAP RAI Task Group 2 (TG2), Consolidation and Revision, include a proposed approach for ongoing measurement of the RAI by many more countries as rapidly as possible. Options are also outlined for possible alternative methods of measuring rural accessibility in the future. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Progress Report 4 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Lema, C.;Bopoto, C.;Gongera, K.;Muhia, G.;Kakiiza, R.;Kome, P. | 2018 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is providing technical assistance to foster improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The four countries participating are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. This report provides a summary of project activities and progress in the period November 2017 to January 2018. During the reporting period, GEM Advisory Team members visited Uganda for the ReCAP IRIM Conference and the GEM PIT meeting. Team members also visited Tanzania, reported on separately, and Zambia. The purpose of the Tanzania visit was to appraise the Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA) and other stakeholders of the tools used by the GEM project to assess performance in rural road asset management and to determine the socio-economic impact to the local communities. The Zambia visit provided the first input in the External Communications Component of GEM. Further discussions have been held within the GEM team on the definition of indicators for monitoring performance in asset management. | |
| Development of a Strategic Plan for the Establishment of Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Offices des Routes (OdR) in the DR Congo | Annex 2 to Final Report | SMEC Holdings Limited | SMEC Holdings Limited | 2018 | AfCAP has entrusted the Consultant 'SMEC' with the Development of a Strategic Plan for the Implementation of a Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Office des Routes (OdR) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This report is Annex 2 to the Final Report of March 2018; it details the financing of RRL equipments. | |
| Development of a Strategic Plan for the Establishment of Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Offices des Routes (OdR) in the DR Congo | Final Report | SMEC Holdings Limited | SMEC Holdings Limited | 2018 | AfCAP has entrusted the Consultant 'SMEC' with the Development of a Strategic Plan for the Implementation of a Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Office des Routes (OdR) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This report presents the strategic plan developed. In particular, it discusses the specific objectives, mission and organizational framework of the Road Research Center (RRC), as well as the plan for its creation and implementation. This diagram presents the three-phase strategy of the project, including the preparatory phase, the transition-start phase with the technical assistance of AFCAP to effectively change the Research and Development Department (RDD) of the Office des Routes (OdR), ex Research Division, in Road Research Center (RRC), RRC public institution and the operational phase or regular operation of RRC. The transition phase should not exceed three years. It ends with the development of a program of short, medium and long-term actions. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Third Quarterly Progress Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Paige-Green Consulting; St Helens Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Head, M.;Arnold, K.;Roux, M.;Roux, A. le | 2018 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased project to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This third Quarterly Progress Report outlines the progress that has been made over the period from December 2017 to February 2018. It primarily focusses on the following seven activities/events: (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections; (b) further progress made on the development of the climate threat and vulnerability assessment methodology by the embedment of asset management in the methodology; (c) feedback on the workshops held in Ethiopia and Ghana; (d) improvements to the Handbook; (e) status of the country reports, (f) knowledge dissemination; and (g) feedback on the ReCAP Regional Projects Coordination Meeting. | |
| Global Mobility Report 2017 | Tracking sector performance | Sum4ALL | Sum4ALL | 2017 | The Global Mobility Report 2017 (GMR), by the Sustainable Mobility for All initiative, is the first-ever attempt to examine performance of the transport sector globally, and its capacity to support the mobility of goods and people, in a sustainable way. The GMR is built around three components: (i) four global objectives that define “sustainable mobility”; (ii) quantitative and qualitative targets for those objectives, drawn from international agreements; and (iii) indicators to track country-level progress towards those objectives. It covers all modes of transport, including road, air, waterborne and rail. | |
| Guideline for the Monitoring of Experimental and LTPP Sections in Mozambique | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | Mozambique urgently requires the upgrading of many rural roads to improve accessibility and mobility. Experience has demonstrated numerous innovative techniques for using or improving local materials and supplying appropriate and cost-effective bituminous surfacings for such roads. It is good practice to construct experimental or demonstration sections that can be monitored over a suitably long period to prove that they are both appropriate and cost-effective. This AfCAP project aimed to provide guidelines for the set up of these trial sections and their monitoring, resulting in this document. This document summarises the background to planning appropriate experimental sections and then monitoring them to ensure that the maximum benefit is obtained, and the findings can be confidently implemented in practice. The scope of the guideline covers the optimal experimental design requirements and the types and uses of various monitoring techniques. | ||
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Progress Report 1 | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Buckland, T. | 2018 | This report covers the progress period from 1st December 2017 to 28th February 2018 under the project on the Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis. The project is being carried out in 3 phases and is scheduled for completion on 30th April 2019. Phase 1 of the project involved a review of previously constructed experimental sections and back-analysed LVSR going back four decades, collection of data and information, development of a LVSR database, partial population of the database, and a preliminary information and data gap analysis. Phase 2 involves further development of the database architecture and structure, a more detailed gap analysis, extensive review of other existing reports and data, training of counterparts from participating countries on the use of the database, and further population of the database. A detailed gap analysis or a meta-analysis (depending on the volume of data) will be carried out on the data to determine any critical information and data gaps. Such additional information, if required, will be collected through limited fieldwork. | |
| Investigation of suitable dust suppressants for low volume gravel roads in the Terai region of Nepal | Phase 1 Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Greening, T.;Merrilees, K.;Shahi, B. | 2018 | The ultimate goal of the research is to determine the efficacy of non-proprietary products in reducing road dust pollution on gravel roads in Nepal, in terms of social and economic impacts. The project made a literature study of the recent history of dust on roads, identified a number of potential suppressants and procured appropriate equipment for measuring dust. This report summarises the equipment trials and proposes a methodology and research matrix for a future phase of the project, where the effectiveness of suppressants will be measured and the potential effects of dust on rural communities will be assessed. | |
| ReCAP Inter-Regional Implementation Meeting (IRIM) 2017 | Final Report | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2018 | This report provides a full summary of the proceedings of the first ReCAP Inter-Regional Implementation Meeting (IRIM), held in Kampala, Uganda on 20-22 November 2017. IRIM 2017 was organised by the ReCAP Project Management Unit in collaboration with the Ugandan National Roads Authority (UNRA). Over 130 delegates from 23 countries attended the event. The IRIM programme was structured around the three strategic pillars of the ReCAP Way Forward strategy 2017-2020, namely the Provision of rural access, the Preservation of rural access and its Sustainable Use. The programme comprised plenary conference sessions, themed workshops, a site visit and various networking events. The IRIM objectives were successfully met. An evaluation survey among IRIM delegates showed an overall positive response to the usefulness and quality of the event. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Literature Review | Amend; Transaid | Bishop, T.;Barber, C.;Charman, S.;Porter, G. | 2018 | This Literature Review was carried out during the Inception Phase of the research project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. The purpose of the review was to generate contextual information to inform the development of research strategies in the project's four focal countries: Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. This literature review draws on existing academic and grey literature. It maps the growth in use of motorcycles and motorised three-wheelers in sub-Saharan Africa and examines the benefits and disbenefits of their use as a means of public transport, with a particular emphasis on their use in rural areas. It describes the implications of the existing lack of regulatory frameworks covering motorcycles and three-wheelers, as well as gender, mobility and road safety issues. The review concludes that there are significant gaps in research on this subject in a rural context. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Progress Report | Transaid; Amend; TRL Ltd. | TRANSAID;AMEND;TRL Ltd. | 2018 | This Progress Report details progress during the first seven months of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. Since finalising the project's Inception Report in January 2018, the detailed design of all research activities has been undertaken and strong progress has been made on several of the activities. The survey of benefits and disbenefits of motorcycles and three-wheelers in rural areas has been designed. A review of motorcycle and three-wheeler taxi-related legislation and policy countries has found some interesting differences between the four countries. Finally, the literature review undertaken during the Inception Phase of this project is being produced as a standalone document. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Progress Report 3 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Lema, C.;Bopoto, C.;Gongera, K.;Kakiiza, R.;Kome, P. | 2017 | AFCAP is providing technical assistance to achieve improvements in asset management performance on selected rural roads networks. This report provides a summary of project activities and progress in the period August to October 2017. It also includes a progress report by two University of Birmingham (UoB) PhD candidates who are using the GEM project for their research projects. During the reporting period, GEM1 Advisory Team members visited Zambia, Uganda and Sierra Leone to assist the participating agencies to prepare for the next round of data collection and to update their Asset Management Action Plans. The Asset Management (AM) performance assessments show significant gaps in the pre-requisites for sustainable road preservation in the three project countries. Major weaknesses have been identified in the external, institutional and funding building blocks. Progress with the implementation of agreed action plans is generally slow and very little road maintenance has been carried out in the GEM project road networks in 2017. | |
| Climate Adaption: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Second Quarterly Progress Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Paige-Green Consulting; St Helens Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Makhanya, S.;Arnold, K.;Roux, A. le;Head, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased project that started in April 2016 and is expected to be completed by December 2018, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. Research is being conducted on appropriate and economic methodologies for risk and vulnerability assessments; prioritisation of adaptation interventions; and optimisation of asset resilience in the context of rural access. In addition, evidence of cost, economic and social benefit links to rural communities arising from more resilient rural access will be required to support wider policy adoption across Africa. This second Quarterly Progress Report for Phase II outlines the progress that has been made between August 2017 and November 2017. It primarily focusses on the following five activities: (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections; (b) further progress made on the development of a climate threat and vulnerability assessment methodology; (c) feedback on the workshop held in Mozambique in September 2017; (d) the adaptation of conventional asset management practices to incorporate climate effects; and (e) the status of the country reports primarily focussing on the aspects of change management. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Report on 2017 RAM Assessment - Support Visits to TAURA,Tanzania | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Bopoto, C. | 2018 | AFCAP is providing technical assistance to achieve improvements in asset management performance on selected rural road networks. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities as a result of improved performance in road asset management. This report covers technical assistance provided to the newly set up organisations TARURA in Tanzania to fully understand the Road Asset Management (RAM) assessment questionnaire and carry out a detailed self-assessment of its own organisation, with the view of eventually being considered for participation in the GEM project. Fruitful workshops were held in two locations: Mwanza and Dar es Salaam. The interactions further underlined the importance of obtaining early stakeholder buy-in when rolling out the GEM project to other countries. | |
| Ground Improvement for Khulna Soft Clay Soil | Final Report | Mott MacDonald | Duncan, I.;Phillips, L.;Baky, A.;Islam, S.;Lebon, R. | 2018 | This final report presents the findings of the Ground Improvement for Khulna Soft Clay Soil research project in Bangladesh. This study collates the relevant findings from existing research, field observations and ground investigation to understand the effectiveness and limitations of existing ground improvement techniques implemented in Khulna region, and to develop appropriate recommendations to overcome the typical construction challenges for road embankments and structures in the region. Using the results gained observational ground models have been developed for to help better understand the deformation mechanisms and assess the likely contributory causes. Ground improvement techniques are presented that are considered either (a) technically feasible and (b) within the likely budget for rural road construction together with guidance for implementation to deal with specific construction issues. Topics for further research are presented that will improve the ability to apply ground improvement techniques in Khulna Region. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Stakeholder Workshop Report Phase 1 | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Buckland, T. | 2017 | The Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis project involves the review of previous LVSR studies on the design and performance of pavements and materials in a variety of environments. The project is in three Phases. Phase 1 of the Back Analysis project involves the collection and processing of evidence relating to the performance of existing and previous LVSRs over the last forty years. The main activity during this phase was development of a Low Volume Roads (LVR) database containing data on LVSR sections in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia that were collected over a number of decades, including aspects of their design, construction and maintenance that have influenced their in-service performance. Phase 1 of the project involved development of a research strategy. The purpose of this report is to record the proceedings of the Phase 1 Stakeholder Workshop held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 5th to 6th April 2017. The workshop outlined activities undertaken in Phase 1 and the methodological approach for delivering Phase 2 and 3 of the project. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana | Phase I Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2016 | Feeder road rehabilitation and maintenance is seen as a crucial part of Ghana's efforts in agricultural development and in its strategies for economic recovery and growth, poverty alleviation and food security. Hence the identification of appropriate design options for higher risk sections (e.g. steep hills) of low-volume rural roads is seen as an important component of Ghana's strategy for improving sustainable all-season rural access. CSIR in South Africa, in partnership with the Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) of Ghana, are undertaking a study on alternative surfacing for steep slopes in Ghana. The main objective is to provide practical information on the suitability of alternative road surfacings and paving techniques that are cost-effective, and offer sustainable solutions for road surfaces on steep gradients. This inception report provides the overall framework for the study including the background, scope and methodology. In addition, minutes of project meetings are provided. A detailed implementation plan for the first phase of the study is provided in this report with recommendations to guide the project team on how to effectively execute the project to meet the needs of the client. | |
| Design, Construction, Supervision and Baseline Monitoring of Trials Sections on Low Volume Roads in Zambia | Design Report | Rankin | Hongve, J.;Mukendi, K.;Paige-Green, P.;Pinard, M. I.;Rattray, S. | 2018 | This project aims to design and construct low volume road pavements on selected trial sections in Zambia based on the DCP-DN method, establish a long term performance monitoring programme and collect baseline data. The purpose of this report is to provide information on the process followed in selecting the trial sections; the research matrix identifying the variables to be investigated; the design of the road pavements and the proposed surfacings for the trial sections. Three different bituminous surfacing types - Double Surface Dressing, Cape Seal and Cold Mix Asphalt - are to be constructed on each section. | |
| Disaster Preparedness in the Transport Sector | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J. | 2017 | Presentation held at the South-to-South learning workshop on geo-hazard risk management in the transport sector, held in November 2017 in Nepal. The presentation provides a framework for dealing with disaster, disaster reduction and targeted interventions at transport network level. | ||
| Review of Developments in Transport in Asia and the Pacific 2017 | Transport for Sustainable Development and Regional Connectivity | United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) | United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) | 2017 | There appears to be a broad consensus that the provision of seamless and sustainable connectivity in support of market integration and economic dynamism may offer a way forward in aligning the pursuit of economic growth with a wider distribution of prosperity and greater environmental protection. The 2017 Review first looks at the critical role of transport in economic development and its direct contribution to national and regional gross domestic product (GDP). At the same time, it focuses attention on the negative aspects of transport. The Review later looks at how the transport sector in the Asian and Pacific region has progressed in creating enabling conditions and environments for moving to more sustainable modes of transport as well as increased efficiency in transport operations. | |
| Climate resilient concrete structures in marine environment in Bangladesh | Final Project Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2018 | This project has examined the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. This final report combines the information and discussions provided in all the previous milestone reports viz., Inception report, Condition survey report and Final laboratory and field testing report and provides final recommendation to LGED on the specification of concrete mix for coastal districts of Bangladesh. This report addresses the comments made by various stakeholders at the workshop. This report further analyses the results obtained in field and laboratory study phase by using service-life models to evaluate the minimum durability cover required for a defined exposure condition. This report provides final recommendation in terms of limiting values for concrete mix based on the exposure classification in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. | |
| Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh | Final Report - Volume 1 | Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP), USA; Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | 2018 | For the effective utilization of available resources, this project aims to develop a prioritisation methodology for the development, upgradation and maintenance of the rural roads by the Bangladeshi authorities (LGED). The main objectives of this study include: 1. development of a methodology on planning and prioritisation of rural roads; 2. development of an application tool (software) to implement the methodology; and 3. production of a user manual and training of 15 professionals to use the tool. This final report provides the details of the planning and prioritisation methodology and discusses the results generated by the application tool for the pilot district. | |
| Climate resilient concrete structures in marine environment in Bangladesh | Stakeholder Workshop Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2017 | This project has examined the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. Under the key principles of research, uptake and embedment, a Stakeholder Workshop was conducted in partnership with the Local Government Engineering Department, in order to present and consult upon the findings of the project as presented in the Draft Final Report. This Report summarises the activities undertaken and recommendations discussed and agreed at the Stakeholder Workshop held on 21st September 2017. | |
| Training-of-trainers in the use of the DCP-DN pavement design method in Malawi | Training Report Course 1 | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2017 | The Roads Authority (RA) wishes to expand and embed the use of the DCP-DN Design Method for cost-effective design of Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) in Malawi. A project has been designed to undertake Training-of-trainers (ToT) for up to fifteen (15) candidates that have previously been trained up to an intermediate level of proficiency. This report covers the first of the three planned Training-of-Trainers (ToT) courses, which was conducted over two weeks from 30th October to 10th November 2017. As per the training approach, the TTs got to practice their skills in delivering a full course in the DCP-DN pavement design method to groups of up to 10 new trainees during the second week of each ToT Course. The outcome of the training was deemed to be satisfactory for those who attended the full course. This assessment is corroborated by the course evaluation by both the TTs and the new trainees. | ||
| Status Review of the Updated Rural Access Index (RAI) | Inception Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Vincent, S. | 2018 | The ReCAP RAI Status Review is reviewing progress with the development and implementation of an updated method of measuring the Rural Access Index (RAI) using spatial analysis techniques. In 2016, SDG Indicator 9.1.1 was agreed with the same definition as the RAI, requiring regular update of RAI data for the majority of UN countries. With support from ReCAP, the World Bank developed updated spatial analysis techniques to measure RAI, and trials were carried out in eight ReCAP countries. However, concerns were raised about inconsistencies across countries, possible weak operational relevance, weak client ownership by pilot countries, and potential high future update costs. This status review is intended to address these concerns, with a view to accelerating progress with the updated measurement of the RAI. The status review includes consultation with the World Bank, regional development banks, and ReCAP member countries. | |
| Status Review of the Updated Rural Access Index (RAI) | Interim Progress Statement | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Vincent, S. | 2018 | The Rural Access Index (RAI) was defined in 2005 as the proportion of the rural population living within 2 km of an all-season road. With support from ReCAP, the World Bank developed updated spatial analysis techniques to measure RAI, and trials were carried out in eight ReCAP countries. This status review is intended to address these concerns with a view to accelerating progress with the updated measurement of the RAI. Preliminary findings from a literature review and from consultations with World Bank staff during a visit to Washington DC are presented, including information about the UN processes associated with the SDG Indicators. Preliminary recommendations are also presented for ReCAP RAI Task Group 2 (TG2), Consolidation and Revision, to take place after this status review. | |
| Climate Resilient Concrete Structures in Marine Environment of Bangladesh | Final Field and Laboratory Testing Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2018 | This project examines the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost- effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. This report essentially combines the Interim laboratory testing report 1 & 2 along with the interpretative discussions on phase II experimental work undertaken to study the durability of various concrete mixes. The outcome of the phase I testing helped in establishing the interrelationship between various factors such as W/C ratio, cement content, strength, workability and corrosion inhibitors for local materials available in Bangladesh. The interrelationship established in Phase I study was used to develop the research matrix for Phase II study, which deals with durability testing of various concrete mixes. The outcome of the phase II study on durability testing of concrete clearly demonstrates the improvement in performance of concrete with flyash or slag additions. The study concludes that the concrete mix with at least 30% addition of flyash as cementitious content produced more durable concrete mix for aggressive marine exposure conditions in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. | |
| Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model | User Guide | Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh | Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh | 2018 | The Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM) software has been developed for planning and prioritisation of rural roads developed and maintained by the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). It is developed as a web-based application tool run from the GIS web portal of LGED. This guide is intended to assist LGED officials in using RPPM. It also provides guidance on how to prepare data for use by RPPM. RPPM is based on the methodology developed for the project “Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh”. The project was implemented under the ReCAP research programme funded by UK Aid. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Quarterly Progress Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Paige-Green Consulting; St Helens Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Roux, A. le;Head, M. | 2017 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development that climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased research project that started in April 2016 and is expected to be completed by December 2018. The study focusses on: (a) demonstrating appropriate engineering and non-engineering adaptation procedures; (b) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of three AfCAP partner countries; (c) sustainable enhancement in the capacity of additional AfCAP partner countries; and (d) uptake and embedment across AfCAP partner countries. This Quarterly Progress Report outlines the progress that has been made since the release of the Inception Report in June 2017. It primarily focusses on the following three activities: (a) progress on the establishment of demonstration sections; (b) the development of a climate threat and vulnerability methodology for application at a local/project level; and (c) the development of a draft Climate Adaptation Handbook and three associated guidelines, namely Change Management Guidelines, Climate Threats and Vulnerability Assessment Guidelines; and Engineering Adaptation Guidelines. | |
| Afghanistan Scoping Study | Report on IRIM attendance and Way Forward | Nadya Mundo | Barrett, K.;Rahimi, A. | 2018 | This brief report discusses the outcomes of the Afghanistan delegation's attendance at the IRIM Conference in Kampala, Uganda, in November 2017, as well as outline the agreed upon way forward for the program in Afghanistan. Attending the conference were a senior Ministry official from the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Baryalai Helali, along with Scoping Study team members Abdul Bari Rahimi and Dr. Kerrin Barrett. The MOU was agreed upon in principal, with two projects identified for ReCAP program start up: 1) capacity building of MRRD Research Unit staff, and 2) a study of the socio-economic impact of rural roads in Afghanistan. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | ReCAP PMU; Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Leta, N.;Geddes, R. | 2018 | Presentation held at the 16th ARMFA Annual General Meeting (African road (maintenance) funds) in Addis Ababa, in February 2018. The presentation covers the scope, methodology and main outcomes of the AfCAP supported research project into effective rural road asset management. | ||
| Evaluation of the cost-beneficial improvement of first mile access on small-scale farming and agricultural marketing | Progress Statement No 1 | TRL Ltd.; International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Njenga, P.;Muhia, G.;Willilo, S.;Hine, J. | 2018 | The issue of ‘First Mile' research has previously been explored by IFRTD in two pilot studies in Kenya and Tanzania. This research intends to extend the evidence base for the benefits associated with access improvements to small-scale farmers, and the potential impact that those benefits have on food security and poverty reduction on a much wider scale. To date the research has undertaken a review of previous work on First Mile access and wider literature, defined the research questions and scope of work, held stakeholder workshops in Kenya and Tanzania, identified research sites in both countries, and commenced initial data collection. The research is currently in Phase 3, which is the data collection phase. This report presents progress made up to the 17th January 2018. A summary of the Phase 2 stakeholder workshops and the methodological approach for fieldwork and data collection for Phase 3 can be found in the Phase 2 Report. | |
| Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport | Inception Report | Amend; Transaid | Bishop, T.;Barber, C. | 2018 | This Inception Report details progress during the first twelve weeks of the project ‘Enhancing understanding on safe motorcycle and three-wheeler use for rural transport and the implications for appropriate training and regulatory frameworks'. The main purpose of the Inception Phase is to build an understanding of the existing situation in the four project countries, and to use this understanding to develop the detailed research strategies and methodologies. The understanding of the existing situation has been developed through stakeholder mapping, stakeholder engagement and a literature review. A total of 83 stakeholders have been identified, and meetings held with those stakeholders deemed most likely to contribute to the project, to provide valuable information, or to have influence over use of the project's findings and implementation of its recommendations. Over 110 documents have been reviewed through the literature review. A team planning meeting was held in Kenya from 4th and 5th December 2017, during which the activities for the research phase were identified. | |
| Rural Transport Diagnostic Study in Sierra Leone | Final Report | Econfin Consulting; Swansea University, UK | Mustapha, S.;Peters, K.;Tunis, N. | 2018 | This study sought to understand the existing public transport systems for communities along and within the catchment areas of selected rural roads in Sierra Leone. The results presented are based on a study of three rural roads. These roads are located in the country's coastal plains zone, interior zone and the interior plateau zone. The rapid rural appraisal methodology was used to gain a deep understanding of the existing rural transport systems based on in-depth qualitative interviews with transport users, operators, regulators and those concerned with socio-economic development. Through this method, reliable 'order of magnitude' estimates were derived, related to movements of people and goods, transport fares and preferences of road users for distances greater than 5 km. The study showed that in all three locations the main modes of transport providing daily rural transport services are motorcycle taxis, and that in two of the three locations there is an additional early morning and late afternoon service offered by car taxis and /or minibuses. No large buses serve the rural communities. On market days, both the number of transport services and the variety of transport modes operating on the road increases. Despite dissatisfaction with high fares, as compared to the other modes of transport, motorcycle taxis are generally praised by rural transport users. They leave instantly, pick up and drop off exactly where the passengers desire, are integrated with mobile phone technology, provide courier services, offer quick transport, and provide emergency services. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Road Construction and Usage in Ethiopia: Impact and Implications | Final Report | MetaMeta; Mekelle University, Ethiopia | MetaMeta;Mekele University | 2017 | This Completion Report documents the process, key findings, and recommendations of the project ‘Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Road Construction and Usage in Ethiopia: Impact and Implications.' The project examined the differential experiences and benefits of rural road planning, road construction, transport, and mobility; for men, Women Spouses (WS), and Woman Heads of Household (WHH). Findings highlight that men exert a much greater influence on road planning, benefit the most from road development, and have much greater access to transport services. Between WS and WHH, the latter stand much disadvantaged due to their lower economic standing and greater time poverty. Rural road development through the social protection, employment-guarantee scheme PSNP is effective in reaching out the benefits to women, through its gender mainstreaming provisions. The project recommends that more WHH-specific provisions will further enhance inclusion. Women can benefit immensely from skills-development; it will open up higher-paying skilled jobs to them. Women's mobility will be enhanced through better First-Mile connectivity, their travel experience will improve greatly by management of dust rising from unpaved roads. Most important is the need to proactively introduce Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) in rural areas, to fill the gap in rural transport services. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Transport Sector in Kenya | Final Report | Tacitus Ltd | Orwa, S.;Ombai, M.;Nyangueso, S.;Sheba, S. | 2017 | Tacitus Ltd to undertake research into gender mainstreaming in the rural transport sector institutions in Kenya. The research was conducted in Nairobi and three counties: Murang'a, Machakos and Homa Bay. The research investigated evidence of gender mainstreaming efforts transforming the institutions that deliver and support rural transport infrastructure and services in Kenya. A mixed methods design resulted in the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including analysis of staffing, decision making and procurement among a sample of rural transport institutions. Results show that rural transport institutions are making efforts to adhere to the constitutional gender mainstreaming requirements. However, the two-thirds policy in staffing has not been achieved in most of the surveyed transport institutions, and the proportion of women occupying top decision-making positions is extremely low. The study has shown that the meaning and purpose of gender mainstreaming is not sufficiently understood by many transport sector institutions. Also, gender disaggregated data is neither readily available nor applied to rural transport programming and implementation. A change of strategy and long term progressive efforts for full compliance is required, and this report concludes with recommendations for a way forward. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Progress Report 1 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Gongera, K.;Bopoto, C.;Lema, C.;Burrow, M. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP) is providing technical assistance to achieve improvements in asset management performance on selected rural roads networks. This report provides a summary of project activities and progress in the first quarter of 2017. During the reporting period, Advisory Team members visited the participating countries for the purpose of assisting the road agencies to finalise the collection and collation of the baseline data for the project, undertake gap analysis exercises based on the Asset Management Pyramid, commence the formulation of Asset Management Policies and progress data analysis. Fruitful meetings were held with the project teams in each country. The baseline assessment of asset management performance for each participating road agency has been adjusted following the in-country workshops held in March. The project team has developed a new composite index of road asset management performance known (initially) as the Road Asset Preservation Index (RAPI). | |
| Transforming gender relations in the trail bridge programme in Nepal | Final Report | Helvetas | Helvetas | 2017 | This report presents the findings of a qualitative exploration of the degree to which Nepal's trail bridge programme contributes to changes in gender relations. It includes a review of policy and legal framework and the literature pertaining to gender relations and trail bridges, noting that there are many positive provisions. The study then focuses on how such guidelines are translated into practice in the field, taking nine short span trail bridges and one long span trail bridge as case studies. The findings are discussed by taking in turn seven drivers of women's economic empowerment, and assessing the degree to which they are fulfilled. Overall, the study found that field practice tends to lag behind the intentions of the responsive legal provisions. Key suggestions are that the time constraints imposed on women by unpaid care work should be recognised and addressed, and that far greater emphasis is given to the facilitation of social processes to transform gender relation in users' committees. In addition, disadvantaged women should be given more concerted support to maximise their income from wage labour through avoiding debt, undertaking skills training to be eligible for better wages, and transforming wages into assets. Finally, opportunities to learn and share from other users' committee experiences at local level should be deepened and greater coordination between technical and social bodies fostered at district level. | |
| Impacts and Implications of Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport in Tanzania | Dissemination of Findings - Workshop Report | HelpAge International | HelpAge International | 2017 | HelpAge International conducted a research dissemination workshop with gender and transport sector stakeholders to share the findings of the study conducted to assess whether gender mainstreaming in rural transport has had a transformative effect on women facing multiple forms of discrimination and exclusion in Tanzania. This report relates to the dissemination workshop held 9 May 2017 in Dar es Salaam. The participants endorsed the research findings and stressed the need to ensure equal opportunities and participation to all through the finalisation and implementation of the National Transport Policy of 2011. It further called for the Government to ensure that all performance agreement of contractors incorporate gender mainstreaming ensuring conditions at construction sites are favorable to both men and women and those with disabilities. | |
| Impacts and Implications of gender mainstreaming in rural transport in Tanzania | Researchers Training Workshop Report | HelpAge International | HelpAge International | 2016 | The effectiveness of any research programme is determined by how well the research teams have been prepared. This is particularly important for a research project that plans to combine conventional methods of using Research Assistants with a co- investigation approach which draws individuals from the communities to shape the design of the research. A three-day training workshop brought together fifteen research assistants and five co-investigators that formed the research team prepared to assess the extent to which gender mainstreaming in the National Transport Policy of Tanzania has been transformative for women facing intersecting inequalities due to gender, age, disability and widowhood by focusing on recent transport projects in Kibaha and Kilolo districts. The training, facilitated by the lead research team members, was vital in equipping the research team with methods of qualitative studies such as key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGD) and a photo story approach which was one of the unique approaches applied in the research. During the training, the research team piloted the tools and reviewed where this was required. Furthermore, the training provided an opportunity for team building while mapping out communities and understanding key gender terminologies and concepts. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Progress Report 2 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Lema, C.;Muhia, G.;Gongera, K. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is providing technical assistance to foster improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The four countries participating are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. This report provides a summary of project activities and progress in the period May-July 2017. UNRA is now participating in the project as a separate road agency alongside Kamuli District. Follow up was made with Tonkolili District in Sierra Leone, Chongwe District in Zambia and Kamuli District in Uganda for their draft asset management policies and progress reports on their action plans. The GEM Advisory Team conducted a workshop on rural road asset management on 9th May at the Technology Transfer (T2) Conference in Livingstone, Zambia. The set of indicators for the socio-economic study of communities in the project areas was streamlined following a visit of the Rural Transport Economist to Uganda. She was accompanied by the External Communications Expert, who drafted proposals for the introduction of an External Communications component to the GEM project. The Asset Management (AM) performance assessments show significant gaps in the pre-requisites for sustainable road preservation in the three project countries. | |
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Final Report | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Jones, S.;Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Nnene, O.;Hughes, D.;Kelly, K. | 2017 | TSLDP aims to support the development of transport professionals in sub-Saharan Africa with a view towards equipping them with the leadership, managerial and technical skills necessary to become these broad-based transport professionals, and the future leaders of the industry in Africa. This scoping phase has shortlisted a selection options that should be progressed to help achieve this goal. The proposed options revolve around a sustainable delivery mechanism and a selection of delivery options (which are the training programmes). The delivery mechanism is a Centre for Sub-Saharan Transport Leadership (CSSTL), which should be embedded in an existing, transport-orientated institution in sub-Saharan Africa. The centre's role will be to develop and implement the delivery options over the coming years and act as a managing agent for the TSLDP. The CSSTL is the recommended option for ReCAP to progress at this stage, as it is the solution that puts in place the foundations for the success of TSLDP beyond the ReCAP end date in 2020, hence ensuring long-term sustainability. | |
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Curriculum Development Report | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Nnene, O.;Hughes, D.;Kelly, K.;Jones, S. | 2017 | The Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) is being created to develop the managerial capacity of young African transportation professionals so they will have the capacity to deliver Africa's transportation infrastructure. This report is the Curriculum Development Report, which provides information on the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and Professional Masters Programme Specifications and constituent modules. These initially went forward for discussion at the Stakeholder Workshop on 13th July 2017 in Namibia, before being refined subsequently after the receipt of comments and feedback. | |
| Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh | Report of the First Stakeholders Workshop | Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP), USA; Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology | 2017 | For the effective utilization of available resources, this project aims to develop a prioritisation methodology for the development, upgradation and maintenance of the rural roads by the Bangladeshi authorities (LGED). To implement the methodology, a software would be developed which would provide a prioritised list of rural roads based on analysis of updated socio-economic and environmental data. This will eventually help LGED to make objective decision with effective budget allocation through an automated system. The project includes developing a software manual and a training program for the LGED officials to help them understand and use the software. This report covers the first stakeholder workshop on the developed methodology and solutions, held in August 2016. | |
| Development of Low Volume Road Design Manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | First Workshop Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Goldie-Scot, H. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) for three AfCAP member countries in the West Africa sub-region. These are Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. Following initial visits, a stakeholder workshop was organised in September 2017 to consolidate stakeholder engagement for all three countries in determining, for each manual, the most appropriate scope and style. | |
| Development of Low Volume Road Design Manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | First Progress Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Odametey, F.;Ebels, L.;Isaac, R.;Hearn, G.;Goldie-Scot, H. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) for three AfCAP member countries in the West Africa sub-region. These are Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. This report describes progress over the first quarter of the project and includes the structures for the three manuals and the organisation for their drafting. | |
| Development of Low Volume Road Design Manuals and update of standard specifications and detailed drawings for three AfCAP member countries in West Africa | Inception Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Odametey, F.;Ebels, L.;Isaac, R.;Hearn, G. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is funding the preparation of manuals for Low Volume Roads (LVRs) for three AfCAP member countries in the West Africa sub-region: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ghana. The new manuals will draw on documentation recently developed in other AfCAP participating countries. This inception report covers initial visits of the expert team to the three countries and the findings and recommendations for the implementation of the project. | |
| Rural Transport Diagnostic Study in Sierra Leone | Inception Report | Econfin Consulting; Swansea University, UK | Mustapha, S.;Peters, K. | 2017 | The overall objective of this project is to assess the needs and perspectives of transport users, operators, regulators, and other stakeholders in order to identify constraining factors for improvements in Sierra Leone's rural transport services policies and practices. Especially, the spread of motorcycle taxis and their opportunities and limitations have not been sufficiently reflected in rural transport policy, and will be explored here. This inception report provides the overall framework for the study. It highlights the project background, use of the rapid rural appraisal methodology, and the criteria for the selection of the study roads in the three ecological zones of Sierra Leone. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note September 2017 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | This Briefing Note No 5 of September 2017 provides an update on the Africa regional project on Climate Adaptation. This Briefing Note has been prepared for Senior Officials in Government to create awareness of the scale of the climate challenge for rural access in Africa and provide guidance on how to deal with the threats economically and on how to make road infrastructure more resilient, thereby improving socio-economic development through improved accessibility. | |
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development | Second Progress Report | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | Yiu, A. | 2017 | The Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) is implementing a project commissioned by the UK Aid-funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) to promote sustainable rural access as a viable component of the implementation strategies for achieving SDG and to ensure its inclusion in the high-level, multi-lateral discourse on sustainable transport and rural development. This document reports on the current progress and summarizes the outputs produced under the three work streams: 1) Advocacy and Outreach; 2) Global and Regional Dialogues; and 3) Operationalization of SDGs during Implementation Phase II of the joint project from 13 April to 2 August 2017. | |
| Gender mainstreaming in rural transport projects in Nepal: Transformative Changes at Household and Community Level | Final Report | Wise Nepal | Rana, H.;Hada, J. | 2017 | This research study examines whether and how gender mainstreaming in selected rural transport projects implemented by the Government of Nepal (GoN) have transformed the lives of rural women and disadvantaged groups. The research was carried out in Ramechhap and Okhaldhunga districts using a mix of qualitative methods. It shows that the most significant changes that women and discriminated groups perceive in their lives derive from the new income-earning opportunities made available, especially through quotas and equal pay on the transport projects. However, men continue to dominate community and district decision-making. | |
| Scoping Study for Afghanistan | Final Report | Nadya Mundo | Barrett, K.;Sahar, N.;Rahimi, A.;Roshan, M. | 2017 | The scoping study findings revealed that the roads infrastructure sector is growing, and with it, the rural roads sub-sector. The sector overview completed for this scoping study shows that Afghanistan's transportation system comprises inland waterways, air, rail and road transport modes. The Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is responsible for provincial road works, while the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) oversees rural roads. In order to address the gaps in Afghanistan's rural transport infrastructure, six research areas, primarily focusing on capacity building, were identified by the Scoping Study Team. These include: 1. Building Sustainable Knowledge Generation and Management Capacity for Rural Access and Mobility; 2. Capacity Building in Asset Management; 3. Design and Development of “Low Volume Roads (LVR) Design Manual”; 4. Using Intermediate Innovative Technologies to Support Local Communities' Ownership of Rural Roads; 5. Transport Services and the Movement of Goods and People: Understanding Costs; 6. Support for Project Quality Assurance/Quality Control and Oversight. Afghanistan's environment poses both significant challenges as well as the opportunity for meaningful impact in rural roads and transport research. | |
| The Hoopstad Stabilized Kalahari Sand LTPP Experiment After 55 Years | Volume 1: Final Report | Netterberg, F. | 2017 | The Hoopstad long-term road pavement performance (LTPP) experiment was constructed in 1962 as part of the road P 21/3 on Route R700 between Hoopstad and Bultfontein in the Free State Province of South Africa. The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the performance as base course of a fine-grained, non-plastic, A-2-4(0), aeolian, Kalahari-type sand stabilized with various amounts of ordinary and portland blast furnace cement, lignosulfonate, tar and bitumen in comparison with “crusher-run” graded crushed stone and neat, unstabilized sand as control sections. In this report the performance of the stabilized sections is reported in comparison with the neat sand and crusher run sections. Whilst there is a dearth of performance- and traffic- related information over the years, the fact remains that in June 2017, after 55 years and some 1.5M E80/lane, all the sections were still there and carrying traffic, none had been rehabilitated, and none appears to have ever exhibited structural failures. Neat or weakly cemented designs using Kalahari sand in all layers offer tremendous potential for the construction of relatively inexpensive, all-weather, sealed low volume roads in the vast area of arid and semiarid southern Africa in which similar sands and a scarcity of gravel and rock occur. | ||
| Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Analysis of Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Case Study Report: Uganda | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Tanzarn, N. | 2017 | The research project was largely implemented through a comprehensive analysis of the Government of Uganda's commitment to gender equality and women's empowerment and an in-depth assessment of the quality of gender mainstreaming in the transport sector. The Government of Uganda has adopted legal and policy frameworks and instituted mechanisms to guide gender mainstreaming in the national development process. However, the transport sector is yet to fully translate these political commitments in policy and regulations. As a result, women continue to bear a disproportionate transport burden and to experience sexual and gender-based violence in transport-related spaces. The report recommends using data-based pathways to inform transport policy, regulations, planning, programming and resource allocation that reflect women's transport realities and needs, relative to men's access needs. | |
| Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Analysis of Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Case Study Report: Tanzania | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Mhalila, H.;Kinyashi, G. | 2017 | This report contains the results of a short desk top study to review the state of gender mainstreaming in two rural transport programmes in Tanzania. This case study provides a review of the general gender policy and legislative environment and zeroes in on two programs, the Village Transport and Travel Programme (VTTP), and the Local Government Transport Programme (LGTP). The national policy and legislative environment for gender has evolved very progressively in the last few decades. However, the absence of monitoring and evaluation data and reports prevents an assessment of the gender equality performance of the programmes. The lessons from the case study is that despite strong policy intent on gender mainstreaming, in the absence of a robust and mandatory monitoring framework, proper assessment of gender performance cannot be undertaken and good practice cannot be developed. | |
| Scaling Up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Final Synthesis Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Tanzarn, N. | 2017 | This report synthesises four country case studies conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda as part of a networked research project. The case studies analysed transport sector policies, legislation, regulations and programmes in order to generate key learning around good and promising gender mainstreaming practices for possible up-scaling. Each of the case study countries has political frameworks that allude to gender equality, to varying degrees, in law and policy. However, many of these political commitments are yet to translate into gender equitable transport. A project cycle analysis of seven rural transport projects revealed various innovative approaches adopted to mainstream gender, some of which informed transport policy and practice. To further institutionalise mainstreaming, the report recommends evidence-based policy engagement, collection of gender disaggregated transport data, gender capacity building of transport and engineering professionals/researchers and retrofitting of policy and regulations for improved gender sensitivity. | |
| Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Analysis of Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Case study report Kenya | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Tanzarn, N. | 2017 | The research project was implemented through a desk study that involved a review of national policy documents to map Kenya's gender policy landscape and assess how this is implemented in the transport sector. A gendered project cycle analysis of the Kenya Roads 2000/AFD (Agence Française de Développement) project was conducted to assess the tools, indicators and targets used to mainstream gender and to examine their effectiveness. The research established that Kenya has a very progressive structure for gender mainstreaming cutting across different policy domains and institutions. However, this is yet to be effectively implemented in the transport sector. As a result, women continue bearing a disproportionate transport burden and experiencing sexual and gender-based violence in transport-related spaces. The report recommends retrofitting transport policy and regulations to include measures that address women's relative to men's needs as users of transport systems; promote their participation in, and benefit from road improvement projects; and guarantee their safety and personal security. | |
| Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Analysis of Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Case Study Report: Ghana | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Amoako-Sakyi, R. | 2017 | Wide gender disparities have persisted in various forms within Ghanaian society including the transport sector. Previous gender mainstreaming efforts in this area have not always achieved their purpose, but even when successful, these initiatives are seldom up-scaled. This study explored the scalability potential of gender mainstreaming initiatives in Ghana using the second phase of the Transport Rehabilitation Programme (TRP-2) and the ongoing Cocoa Roads Rehabilitation project as case studies. The research found that Ghana's gender policy landscape to be adequate but not necessarily optimal in operationalising gender mainstreaming. This study emphasised the male dominance in the provision of rural transport infrastructure and services. Absence of gender issues in budgeting and a silence on gender issues in legislation and regulation points to weak gender responsiveness in the transport sector. A key observation is that gender mainstreaming components are more visible in donor funded programmes as compared to nationally funded programmes. | |
| Capacity Building and Skills Development Programme for the Laboratories of the Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Tanzania | Final Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Ventura, D. | 2017 | This project is aimed at assisting the Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Tanzania to achieve its objective of capacity building and skills development for its staff. This final report highlights the results and outcomes of the project. The project benefits are already evident and the target indicator of providing laboratory and field testing services has been met in less than six months. As a result of this project, efforts are underway to initiate the inter-calibration study programme that will be implemented across civil engineering laboratories in Tanzania. Through this project a critical mass of skilled laboratory personnel with a good understanding of the fundamental principles of testing in accordance with the CML Laboratory Manual 2000, has been created for the benefit of other Local Government entities. | |
| Capacity Building and Skills Development Programme for the Laboratories of the Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Tanzania | Operational Laboratory Systems | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Ventura, D. | 2017 | The project will assist LoGITReC (Tanzania) to achieve its objective of capacity building and skills development for its staff, to enable the facility to operate as a reference and quality control laboratory for PO-RALG and to support research activities by LoGITReC. This report focuses on Task 2 of the project, which is the development of the operational system for the laboratory and comprises the following: a. Development of documents that provide information on procedures, to ensure that a quality assurance and quality control scheme is in place, a requirement for a facility that must comply with ISO 17025; and b. Development of a framework for a laboratory management system to ensure effective and efficient processing of laboratory material records. | |
| Capacity Building and Skills Development Programme for the Laboratories of the Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Tanzania | Final Equipment Status Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Ventura, D.;Mgangira, M. | 2017 | This project is aimed at assisting the Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Tanzania to achieve its objective of capacity building and skills development for its staff. This report focuses on Task 3 of the project, covering aspects related to status of existing equipment and the procurement of additional equipment. New and additional equipment will enable CMRL to be fully functional and be able to satisfy the basic requirements of PO-RALG and LoGITReC, in terms of road materials testing. A priority list for additional equipment was developed and submitted for procurement. Guidance is also provided to implement proper calibration, verification and checks to ensure functionality of equipment. The assessment in this report is limited to existing equipment. | |
| Baseline survey of past and current road sector research undertakings in Uganda and establishment of electronic document management system (EDMS) | Workshop 2 Report | Aurecon AMEI Ltd | Moolman, A.;Steyn, W. | 2017 | The purpose of this project is to carry out a baseline survey of past has been undertaken on the roads sector in Uganda, and to Management System that enables access to such research and manage future research. The study commenced on 22 November 2016. This document presents the report on the Workshop 2 that was Kampala. The report captures the presentations that were made at feedback received and the results of the group discussions held. | |
| Baseline survey of past and current road sector research undertakings in Uganda and establishment of electronic document management system (EDMS) | Final Report | Aurecon AMEI Ltd | Steyn, W.;Moolman, A. | 2017 | The purpose of this project is to carry out a baseline survey of past and current research that has been undertaken on the roads sector in Uganda, and to establish a databank that enables access to such research. The study commenced on 22 November 2016. This document presents the Draft Final Report for the study. This document incorporates survey (questionnaires, field investigations, consultations and research summaries) outcomes, proposals and recommendations. The project entailed an evaluation of reports deemed to contain research from institutions in Uganda who are conducting roads research, as well as some international consultants who have done research for Ugandan institutions. Together with the reports, questionnaires were distributed to stakeholders to provide their perceptions of the state of roads research in Uganda. Selected field visits were conducted to evaluate sites where experiments have been conducted before. Finally, an Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) has been developed to contain the roads research information and be used in future as a repository for such research and a management support system to assist in the planning and coordination of new roads research in Uganda. | |
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | PTS First Round - Baseline Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Pearce, B. | 2017 | AfCAP is supporting the implementation of a pilot project for Proficiency Testing in selected laboratories for material testing in Mozambique. The overall objective is to establish laboratory testing that is in line with international practices and standards and test results that can be used with confidence. The Proficiency Testing Scheme (PTS) is developing a baseline for the precision limits for the common tests on road building materials. The baseline will be used to assess laboratory capacity and identify where constraints lie and where specific training and other interventions may be required. It is expected that participating laboratories will ultimately become accredited to the International Standards Organisation's standard ISO/IEC 17025. | |
| Using high-tech solutions and remote sensing to increase knowledge on the extent and condition of rural road networks | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRF World Road Meeting 2017, on the AfCAP project designed to look towards the future of road management in Africa and explore different and innovative cost-effective solutions to well established problems, including the use of high-tech solutions and satellite imagery for road network and condition assessment. | ||
| Pilot Study to Investigate a Participatory Approach for Roadside Protection of Rural Roads in Nepal | Inception Report Phase 2 | Helvetas | Meyer, W. | 2017 | This report documents the inception phase of a three-year pilot study aimed at developing an innovative and participatory approach for roadside protection on rural roads in Nepal. It builds on an earlier short initiation phase conducted at the beginning of 2016. The introduction of Right of Way (RoW) along rural roads of the District Road Core Network (DRCN) combined with poverty alleviation is a new proposal. A clear legal provision for this purpose has not yet been enacted in Nepal. However, various policy and legal provisions have been endorsed with regard to plantations and maintaining greenery in the RoW through local authorities. Based on this, appropriate legal instruments for the application of the RoW are to be developed. Following investigations on legal, engineering and socio-economic conditions, suitable plant species have been selected. Cost benefit analysis of the selected plants show that planting the RoW land for productive use can be profitable. By involving nearby local landless villagers, organised in local user groups, there is an opportunity to improve their livelihoods. A combined work plan including activities and milestone deliverable documents has been compiled for monitoring the implementation of this pilot study in five phases. | |
| Using high-tech solutions and remote sensing to increase knowledge on the extent and condition of rural road networks | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | This paper, presented at the IRF World Road Meeting 2017, draws its evidence from an AfCAP project designed to look towards the future of road management in Africa and explore different and innovative cost-effective solutions to well established problems. The two main aspects of the project are to consider high-tech solutions to increase knowledge of rural road networks, and to develop a methodology and guideline for the assessment of road condition using high resolution satellite imagery. The focus of this research was to develop a methodology to assess rural road condition using Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. The results from the pilot countries (Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia) were analysed using a spreadsheet developed by the team in Uganda. This compared the results of the ground truthing and the satellite imagery interpretation and produced a correlation between the two. A number of recommendations can be made from these trials. The final guideline for satellite assessment of road condition includes recommendations for the appropriate use of high-tech solutions, combined with the methodology for condition assessment by satellite imagery. A holistic approach should be adopted, which includes appropriate combinations of the different high-tech options. | ||
| Design, Construction, Supervision and Baseline Monitoring of Trial Sections on Low Volume Roads in Zambia | Inception Report | Rankin | Pinard, M. I.;Rattray, S.;Paige-Green, P.;Hongve, J. | 2017 | AfCAP is supporting a project pertaining to the Design, Construction Supervision and Baseline Monitoring of Trial Sections on Low Volume Roads in Zambia. The main purpose of the project is to: 1. • carry out the pavement design of the trial sections based on the DCP-DN method, 2. construct the trial sections to a sealed standard using an appropriate seal type, 3. establish a programme of long-term pavement performance monitoring, 4. collect and analyse baseline data, 5. ultimately, provide inputs for the development of a new pavement design manual for low volume roads in Zambia. The project is being carried out in three phases over a 24-month period. This Final Inception Report marks the culmination of the preparatory stage of Phase 1 of the project. The Work Programme has been revised following agreements reached at the Stakeholder Workshop as well as confirmation received from the RDA on the status of the contractor procurement process and the likely date for the start of construction of the trial section(s). | |
| Élaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la mise en place d'une capacité de recherche durable sur les routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de L'Office des Routes en RD Congo | Rapport de démarrage | SMEC Holdings Limited | SMEC Holdings Limited | 2017 | Dans ce cadre, l'AfCAP a confié au Consultant ‘'SMEC'' le projet d'Elaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la Mise en Place d'une Capacité de Recherche Durable sur les Routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en République Démocratique du Congo. Cette étude constitue la première de deux phases d'un projet plus vaste dont l'objectif final est l'installation et le renforcement effectifs d'une unité de Recherche Routière en RDC. Le lancement de la deuxième phase du projet programmée est conditionné par les résultats de la phase 1. Le présent volume constitue le ‘'Rapport de démarrage'' de la phase d'Élaboration d'un Plan Stratégique pour la mise en place d'une capacité de recherche durable sur les routes au sein de la Division de la Recherche de l'Office des Routes en RD Congo. | |
| Development of National Business Plans for the Establishment of Road Research Units/Centres in AsCAP Member Countries | Interim Progress Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2017 | Based on the outcomes of project scoping exercises undertaken in three AsCAP countries (Bangladesh, Myanmar and Nepal), the need for the establishment of road research capacity within the partner government departments was identified as a high priority in order to support and sustain research and knowledge management related to rural access. To address the above need, AsCAP initiated a project to develop action/establishment plans supporting the needs of each country. These plans would address issues such as sustainable institutional arrangements, capacity building interventions and funding sources to support the road research centre or unit on an ongoing basis. The Interim Progress Report presents the results of interactions held with key stakeholders in Myanmar and Bangladesh since June 2017. The objectives of these interactions were to identify the specific needs and to gain an understanding of how the individual government departments would like to establish road research management capacity within their existing institutional frameworks. Progress on the development of business plans for the three countries is also presented. Second versions of the business plans for Bangladesh and Myanmar have been completed, as well as a first draft (discussion document) for Nepal. The project is still on target to be completed by mid-October. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport Institutions Kenya | Tacitus Ltd | Orwa, S. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 Transport Services workshop, addressing the gender mainstreaming research project in Kenya (rural) transport institutions. The presentation highlights the gender mainstreaming impacts on staffing, budget and expenditure allocations and decision-making processes. | ||
| Gender Mainstreaming in rural transport projects in Nepal: transformative changes | Wise Nepal | Hada, J. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 Transport Services workshop, covering the gender mainstreaming research project implemented by WiseNepal. The project aims to investigate the benefits to women of targeted interventions and participation in User Committees. The presentation provides the research areas, methodologies and research findings and conclusions. | ||
| Creating an enabling environment for rural transport service provision that is inclusive, transformative and impactful | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 Transport Services workshop, introducing the workshop themes of gender mainstreaming and rural access diagnostics and framing the workshop questions to be discussed. | ||
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Kelly, K.;Zuidgeest, M. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 Capacity Building workshop, addressing the current status and outstanding issues of the AfCAP regional initiative on the transport sector leadership development programme. | ||
| New and upcoming capacity building initiatives | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 Capacity Building workshop, addressing new and upcoming ReCAP projects to enhance capacity building and learning and discussion user needs. | ||
| Building sustainable transport and road research capacity under ReCAP | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 Capacity Building workshop, addressing current ongoing ReCAP training and capacity building efforts and discussion their effectiveness for long term sustainable research capacity in ReCAP partner countries. | ||
| Status review of RAI | ReCAP PMU | Sampson, L. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017, addressing the status review of the Rural Access Index (RAI), the globally adopted indicator for rural access. The project aim is to move the Spatial RAI forward from a modified solid base using recently identified cost-effective high-tech tools and working within a sustainability framework. The project has 3 Task Groups covering the review, consolidation and application in pilot countries. | ||
| Impacts and implications of gender mainstreaming in rural transport in Tanzania | Final Report | HelpAge | Porter, G.;Mulongo, G.;Tewodros, A. | 2017 | This report presents preliminary findings of a field study led by HelpAge International which assessed whether gender mainstreaming in rural transport programmes in Tanzania has had a transformative effect on women facing multiple forms of discrimination. The research sought views of communities, local authorities, national policy makers and development partners. An assessment of transformative change among women living in rural communities suggests a largely negative conclusion. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Transport Projects in Nepal | Policy Brief | Wise Nepal | WISE Nepal | 2017 | WISE Nepal was contracted by ReCAP to conduct research on “Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport Projects in Nepal: Case Studies of Transformative Roles of Women and Disadvantaged Groups (DAGs) at Household and Community levels''. The research examined whether and how gender mainstreaming activities in selected rural transport projects implemented by the Government of Nepal have transformed the lives of rural women and disadvantaged groups. The research was carried out in Ramechhap and Okhaldhunga Districts in Nepal, where rural roads and bridge projects have been implemented by the Government of Nepal. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport Sector Institutions in Kenya | Policy Brief | Tacitus Ltd | Orwa, S.;Ombai, M.;Nyangueso, S.;Sheba, S. | 2017 | ReCAP contracted Tacitus Ltd to undertake research into gender mainstreaming in the rural transport sector institutions in Kenya. The research was conducted in Nairobi, Murang'a, Machakos and Homa Bay. The aim of the research project was to answer the key question: What is the evidence of gender mainstreaming efforts transforming the institutions that deliver and support rural transport infrastructure and services? The study showed that the meaning and purpose of gender mainstreaming is not sufficiently understood by the majority of transport sector institutions in Kenya. In addition, gender disaggregated data is neither readily available nor applied to rural transport programming and implementation. A change of strategy and long term progressive efforts for full compliance are required, but the building blocks exist with the enactment of the Constitution of Kenya (2010) and formation of the National Gender and Equality Commission (NGEC). | |
| Transforming gender relations in the trail bridge programme in Nepal | Policy Brief | Helvetas | Helvetas | 2017 | Transforming gender relations in the trail bridge programme in Nepal study was conducted by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation on behalf of ReCAP. It covered an analysis of legal provisions, consultations with key stakeholders, and field visits to ten trail bridges. These comprised three short span bridges (under 120 m) in each of the districts of Arghakanchi, Darchula and Morang, and one long span trail bridge (over 120 m) in Kaski district. Additional interviews with some other women user committee members were also held. While these policy recommendations are based on a limited, but carefully selected sample of trail bridges, they are given additional weight by their endorsement at a national level workshop with relevant stakeholders, and the long-standing practical experience of HELVETAS in supporting Nepal's trail bridge programme. | |
| Enabling women to become Motorcycle Taxi Operators: Opportunities and Obstacles in Rural Liberia | Policy Brief | Swansea University, UK | Swansea University, UK | 2017 | ReCAP commissioned Swansea University, AKA Research and LIDA Liberia to undertake a gender mainstreaming project in Liberia that would establish the main barriers and challenges women experience in becoming motorcycle riders in rural settings and how these can be overcome through training, credit, awareness, and policy change. A detailed study of female motorcycle taxi riders and female passengers in the rural areas of Nimba County, Northern Liberia was conducted using a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative data collection methods). This brief provides policy recommendations based on the research conclusions. | |
| Enabling women to become Motorcycle Taxi Operators: Opportunities and Obstacles in Rural Sierra Leone | Policy Brief | Swansea University, UK | Swansea University, UK | 2017 | ReCAP commissioned Swansea University and AKA Research to undertake a gender mainstreaming project in Sierra Leone that would establish the main barriers and challenges women experience in becoming motorcycle riders in rural settings and how these can be overcome through training, credit, awareness, and policy change. A detailed study of female motorcycle taxi riders and female passengers in the rural areas around the provincial Sierra Leonean towns of Bo, Kenema and Makeni was conducted using a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative data collection methods). This brief provides policy recommendations based on the conclusions of the research. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport Policy and Practice | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | 2017 | This ReCAP funded project was implemented by the International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) in four AfCAP countries (Ghana, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania) as a piece of networked research. Transport policy, regulations, planning, and infrastructure design do not systematically reflect women's transport realities and needs, relative to men's. The research involved analysis of transport sector policies, legislation, regulations and programmes to generate key learning around good and promising gender mainstreaming practices for possible up-scaling. Policy recommendations are provided in this brief. | ||
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | Report on Initial Laboratory Visits and Protocol for the PTS (Final) | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Pearce, B. | 2017 | AfCAP is supporting the implementation of a pilot project for Proficiency Testing in selected laboratories in Mozambique. The overall objective is to establish laboratory testing that is “in line with international practices and standards and test results that can be used with confidence”. This report covers the field visit of the CDS Materials Engineer to conduct an initial assessment of laboratories that were shortlisted to participate in the project. The shortlisting was carried out through a questionnaire sent by ANE to all known materials laboratories in the country. The report includes the draft protocol for conducting the first round of the PTS pilot. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Existing Trial Sections and Implementation of Regional Guidelines for Establishing and Monitoring Trial Sections in Tanzania | Task 1 Report: Review of existing trial sections | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2017 | The purpose of this project is to develop capability in Tanzania, through mentoring, on how to establish, carry out the monitoring surveys and evaluation of trial sections. The project will provide technical assistance, primarily aimed at providing training to LoGITReC research staff on all aspects of Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) assessment. This Task 1 Report summarises the initial findings and recommendations of the project team following the review of the two trial sections located in the Bagamoyo District and in the Siha District. | |
| Training-of-trainers in the use of the DCP-DN pavement design method in Malawi | Inception Report | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2017 | The Roads Authority (RA) wishes to expand and embed the use of the DCP-DN Design Method for cost-effective design of Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) in Malawi. A project has been designed to undertake Training-of-trainers (ToT) for up to fifteen (15) candidates that have previously been trained up to an intermediate level of proficiency. This inception report provides an overview of activities carried out during inception phase. The ToT is expected to be combined with the design and construction of three identified road projects in order to elevate the national trainers to an advanced level of proficiency. The trainees will be divided in two groups of 7-8 persons each and be trained in two separate courses in the beginning of November 2017 and January 2018 respectively. | ||
| Impacts and implications of gender mainstreaming in rural transport in Tanzania | Policy Brief | HelpAge | HelpAge | 2017 | In 2003, Tanzania adopted a National Transport Policy to mainstream gender in rural transport. However, little is known if the policy has been effectively applied and has resulted in transformative changes to the lives of women facing multiple forms of discrimination and exclusion. This research investigated whether women facing intersecting inequalities benefit from gender mainstreaming, identifying some of the constraints and factors facilitating transformative changes in programmes such as the Village Travel and Transport Programme (VTTP). | |
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | Workshop Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Pearce, B. | 2017 | AfCAP is supporting the implementation of a pilot project for proficiency testing in selected laboratories in Mozambique for road research. The Proficiency Testing Scheme (PTS) will work towards determining a baseline for the precision limits for each specific test included in the project. This report describes the project workshop and practical session held from 13th to 15th June 2017. The draft protocol for conducting the first round of the PTS pilot was discussed as well as assistance provided to ANE/LEM with the sampling and preparation of the sample splitting. | |
| Baseline survey report for 11 low volume sealed roads in Kenya | Final Report | Across Africa | Waswa, A.;Onguko, G. | 2017 | The roads under study are spread across four counties in Central Region of Kenya; the baseline survey sought to investigate 11 trial sections to determine the performance of the nonstandard construction materials used on the roads. The roads showed very low base course CBR values; the deflection/stiffness of the pavements was highly variable along the section lengths and the surfacing on all the roads (cold mix asphalt) showed varied performance, with the majority performing very well and others showing cracks and ravelling. | |
| Monitoring and evaluation of low volume roads trial sections in Ethiopia | First monitoring report | Alert Engineering; Hitcon Engineering | Chali, H.;Araya, A. A. | 2017 | This AfCAP project in Ethiopia aims to set up a periodic monitoring and evaluation of constructed low volume road trials sections in Ethiopia, in particular in support of research into the use of non-standard materials for low volume sealed roads pavement. This report presents the first monitoring and evaluation of the demonstration/research trials with particular reference to the monitoring activities undertaken, the status and conditions of the trial sections together with outcomes to date. The report consist of general site description and location of the four trail section projects, pavement structure types and section descriptions. More over the report consist of outcomes and analysis of pavement evaluation works performed during the monitoring period and brief discussion of about the works performed and their indications. | |
| Monitoring and evaluation of low volume roads trial sections in Ethiopia | Inception Report | Alert Engineering; Hitcon Engineering | Araya, A. A.;Chali, H. | 2017 | This AfCAP project in Ethiopia aims to set up a periodic monitoring and evaluation of constructed low volume road trials sections in Ethiopia, in particular in support of research into the use of non-standard materials for low volume sealed roads pavement. This inception report details the monitoring programme and methodology to be applied. | |
| Baseline survey of past and current road sector research undertakings in Uganda and establishment of a research management system | Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) | Rubarenzya, M. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 addressing the AfCAP project on Baseline survey on current and past road sector research undertakings in Uganda and the establishment of an electronic research management system. The presentation covers the project rationale, objectives and set up, presents the key research findings and the set up of the management system. It furthermore provides some conclusions and recommendations emanating from the project. | ||
| Identification of hazardous spots and recommendation of remedial measures on selected rural roads in Ghana | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Afukaar, F. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 covering the AfCAP project in Ghana on the identification of accident black spots on rural roads and the development of a blackspot management system for the Department of Feeder Roads. | ||
| Motorcycle and 3-wheeler study | Transaid; Amend | Rettie, N.;Wahome, G. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 addressing the AfCAP regional project on Motorcycles and 3-Wheelers that started in 2017. The presentation provides the project rationale, i.e. the difficulty of appropriate legal frameworks for the operation of motorcycles and 3-wheelers in many countries. The presentation furthermore addresses the initial findings in the partner countries and further steps to be undertaken. | ||
| ReCAP Gender mainstreaming in rural transport project cluster | ReCAP Technical Panel | Tanzarn, N. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017, covering the ReCAP gender mainstreaming research cluster of seven projects in Africa and Asia. The presentation highlights the significance of mainstreaming gender in rural transport and provides detail on the seven projects, the broad menu of topics they cover, their outputs and recommendations for future ReCAP action and involvement. | ||
| Evaluation of the cost-beneficial improvement of first mile access on small scale farming and agricultural marketing | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 providing an overview of the AfCAP regional project on Evaluation of cost-beneficial improvements of first mile access for smallholder farming and agricultural marketing. The presentation addresses the rationale, project set up and methodology, the role of transport in the agricultural value chain and the access options for the first mile. Some first results are addressed. | ||
| Accessibility and rural transport services overview | ReCAP PMU | Bradbury, A. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 providing an overview of ReCAP Sustainable Access services research, including cross cutting issues. The presentation in particular addresses achievements in transport services research, such as diagnostics studies, gender mainstreaming research, progress in measuring rural access and safety related studies. | ||
| Cost/benefit analysis of SEACAP trials in Vietnam | Intech Associates | Cook, J.;Hine, J.;Petts, R.;Hien, N.;Tuan, P. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017, addressing a study in the costs and benefits of SEACAP trials on road pavement in Vietnam under the SEACAP programme in Southeast Asia. The assessment leads to a positive conclusion on the return on investment of the trials. | ||
| Setting up Tractor based road maintenance demonstration unit in Zambia | Intech Associates | Gongera, K. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 addressing the setting up of a demonstration unit for tractor-based maintenance in Zambia. The presentation highlights the rationale for the use of tractor-based technology, selection of the pilot site for trialling, foreseen training modules and materials and challenges overcome so far. | ||
| The use of appropriate high-tech solutions for road condition and network analysis, with focus on satellite imagery | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 providing an overview of the AfCAP regional project on the Use of high-tech solutions for road condition and network analysis, with a focus on satellite imagery. The presentation covered in particular the use for assessment of road condition, the features to be measured, ground truthing processes, as well as cost-effectiveness of the various technologies and the link with the Rural Access Index (RAI). | ||
| Pilot study to investigate a participatory approach for road side protection of rural roads in Nepal | Helvetas | Meyer, H. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017 addressing the AsCAP project on Participatory approach to roadside plantation for rural roads in Nepal. The presentation covers the project set up and achievements to date, including key issues that were addressed such as the definition of the right-of-way, selection of plant species that are both protective and profitable, the integration potential of the poorest part of Nepal society. | ||
| Climate adaptation of rural road networks to preserve accessibility and road assets | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017, covering the AfCAP regional project on Climate resilience for vulnerable road access in Africa. The presentation provides an overview of the status of the project and recent outputs such as the Climate Adaptation Handbook and associated guidelines, which are currently being trialled in partner countries. | ||
| Effective rural road asset management | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM 2017, providing an overview of the AfCAP regional project on Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management. the presentation addresses the concepts and tools used in the project to improve rural road asset management in the pilot countries, including the road preservation pyramid, the road asset management building blocks radar and the development of a rural roads preservation index. | ||
| Preservation of Rural Infrastructure: Session Overview | ReCAP PMU | Sampson, L. | 2017 | Presentation held at the IRIM2017 providing the session overview for the Plenary session on the preservation of rural road infrastructure. The presentation addresses the various sub-themes, such as asset management, climate resilience, road maintenance, etc. | ||
| Investigation of the use of cinder gravels in pavement layers for low volume roads | TRL Ltd.; Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Otto, A.;Endale, A. | 2017 | Presentation held at IRIM 2017 addressing the cinder gravels project in Ethiopia, implemented by TRL Ltd. The project aims include developing guidance on the selection, processing and use of cinder gravels, improve the understanding of its properties as pavement material for low volume roads. The presentation details outcomes of laboratory tests and includes recommendations for application elsewhere. | ||
| Some Key Principles of Sustainable Rural Access | ReCAP Technical Panel | Cook, J. | 2017 | Presentation held at IRIM 2017 addressing the three pillar strategic framework (or “Access Continuum”) of ReCAP that will guide research efforts in the remaining 2,5 years of the programme. The presentation highlights the link between Rural Transport and achieving the wider development framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and a set of key messages on rural access developed to feed into the multilateral development discourse. Furthermore the presentation focuses on the ReCAP research contributions on the topics of provision of Rural Access, including LVR design, materials use, performance management and measurement, standards and specifications and construction methods. | ||
| Planning and prioritisation of rural roads in Bangladesh | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET); Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh | Akhter, M.;Sadeque, M. | 2017 | Presentation held at IRIM 2017 addressing the development of a Rural Road Planning and Prioritisation Model (RPPM) addressing the local context, issues and needs in Bangladesh. The model enables the prioritisation of rural roads for improvement and maintenance by type of road development and type of road surface. The tool has proven to be successful in providing a wealth of information and is likely to be implemented in other districts in Bangladesh. | ||
| Road Design and the Physical Environment: Appropriate Design Options for Steep Gradients | An example from Ghana | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;J. | 2017 | Presentation held at IRIM 2017 on the Steep gradients research project implemented in Ghana. The research looks into establishing appropriate design and construction techniques for steep road sections and develop guidelines and specifications. | |
| Gender mainstreaming in rural road development and usage in Ethiopia | MetaMeta | MetaMeta | 2017 | This Policy Brief is based on findings from the research project ‘Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Road Construction and Usage in Ethiopia: Impact and Implications'. The research was conducted in Ethiopia's Amhara and Tigray regional states by MetaMeta (The Netherlands) and Mekelle University (Ethiopia) in 2016-2017. | ||
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Stakeholder Workshop Report | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Nnene, O.;Hughes, D.;Jones, S.;Kelly, K. | 2017 | The Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) is being created to develop the technical and managerial capacity of mid-career African transportation professionals and assist them to effectively deliver Africa's transportation infrastructure. This Programme Development Report, which is considered the equivalent of the Interim Report listed in the Terms of Reference, forms the third deliverable on the project and is intended to provide a summary of the findings of the needs assessment and the preferred structure and content of the programme to meet the learning objectives. This report is the Stakeholder Workshop Report, which summarises the workshop which took place at the 2nd IRF Africa Regional Congress in Windhoek, Namibia on 13th July 2017. Feedback taken from the workshop and a summary of associated recommendations of items that need to be included or considered in the programmes finalisation is also discussed. | |
| Development of a Strategic Plan for the Establishment of Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Offices des Routes (OdR) in the DR Congo | Inception Report | SMEC Holdings Limited | SMEC Holdings Limited | 2017 | AfCAP has entrusted the Consultant 'SMEC' with the Development of a Strategic Plan for the Implementation of a Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Office des Routes (OdR) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study is the first of the two phases of a larger project whose final objective is the actual installation and reinforcement of a Road Research Unit in the DRC. The launching of the second phase of the planned project will depend on the results of phase 1. This volume presents the "Inception Report" of the Development phase of a Strategic Plan for the Establishment of Sustainable Road Research Capacity in the Research Division of Offices des Routes (OdR) in the DRC. It includes the followings: o Project Kick-off meeting; o Detailed methodology of the study; o The detailed programme for the study | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase 2 | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2017 | CSIR and BRRI Ghana are undertaking the second phase of a study on alternative surfacing for steep slopes on low-volume (feeder) roads in Ghana. This followed the first phase study to scope for and select suitable surfacing options for the current project. The objective of the current study is to identify, define and demonstrate appropriate surfacing options as alternatives to the current gravel wearing courses on the steep hill sections of feeder roads in Ghana, and to offer sustainable solutions to address drainage and erosion problems experienced by those steep sections. Demonstration sections will be designed and a nominated contractor will construct the pavements using cost-effective machinery and labour-based methods. The work will be carried out in the Eastern region of Ghana. The preliminary recommendations made in this report will be discussed further with the Dept for Feeder Roads to ensure effective implementation of the works. | |
| Road Materials and Aggregate Inventory Database - Phase I | Regional Stakeholders Workshop Report | Orion Consulting Associates (OCA); Link Asea | Bijl, J.;Corea, R. | 2017 | This report concerns the AfCAP regional project on Road Materials and Aggregate Inventory Database Phase 1. Phase 1 concerned the scoping study to identify system architecture. This report specifically covers a regional stakeholder workshop held on 5 September 2017 in Maputo, Mozambique, where the Consultant presented and discussed the Draft Database Report and the Recommendations Report. | |
| Consultancy Services for Scoping Study for Pakistan | Final Report | Mott MacDonald | Abedin, M.;Batool, Z. | 2017 | A scoping study has been conducted to ascertain the viability of AsCAP support for Pakistan, including the optimised structure of AsCAP support, and to recommend research areas, capacity building, dissemination and embedment strategies. It can be confirmed that AsCAP partnership with Pakistan is viable, and if structured and organised optimally, it will have a hugely beneficial impact on the rural road sub-sector of Pakistan. There is expressed interest across the political hierarchy in AsCAP support and two options for official partnership with AsCAP are analysed and presented in the report. A list of twelve (demand led) possible research topics as well as tentative costs has been presented in this Scoping Report. In addition a capacity building and dissemination strategy has been defined. | |
| Road Materials and Aggregate Inventory Database - Phase 1 | Final Database Report | Orion Consulting Associates (OCA); Link Asea | Bijl, J.;Corea, R. | 2017 | This report covers the draft final database report of the AfCAP regional project on Road Materials and Aggregate Inventory Database Phase 1. Phase 1 concerned the scoping study to identify system architecture. During Phase 1 Task 2 (fieldwork consultations) the Consultant visited Mozambique, Ghana and Tanzania to better understand current systems for information management related to materials location and testing. Based on the stakeholders' needs, the database model (architecture) was conceptualised, the minimum system requirements defined and an action plan with an indicative budget for Phase 2 and Phase 3 developed. The Consultant presented and discussed the Draft Database Report and the Recommendations Report at the regional stakeholder workshop held on 5 September 2017 in Maputo, Mozambique. This final report incorporates the recommendations of the regional stakeholder workshop. | |
| Evaluation of the Effect of Road Condition on the Quality of Agricultural Produce | Phase 2 Report | TRL Ltd.; International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Bradbury, A.;Hine, J.;Njenga, P.;Otto, A.;Muhia, G.;Willilo, S. | 2017 | The AfCAP project on the Evaluation of the Effect of Road Condition on the Quality of Agricultural Produce is concerned with the cost-beneficial improvement of ‘First Mile' access and the transport services associated with transferring harvest produce on the initial stages of movement from the farm to established road access. The research project will conduct fieldwork in Tanzania and Kenya to explore transport service and engineering solutions for the provision of improved access to markets for small scale farmers. The Phase 2 Report provides a comprehensive literature review covering five key themes around First Mile access and the effect of road condition on agricultural marketing. It provides feedback from two stakeholder workshops conducted in Tanzania and Kenya in July 2017, and explains the rationale for selection of two research sites in each country, providing a detailed description of each site against selection criteria. The report sets out the next steps for data collection in Phase 3 and the mixed methods approach to fieldwork comprising questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in the Motorcycle Taxi Sector in Rural Sierra Leone and Liberia | Data Collection Instruments | Swansea University, UK; Analysis Knowledge Answers (AKA Research) | Peters, K.;Mokuwa, E. | 2017 | The below report provides details about the various research methods that will be used for a study (RAF2044K) which seeks to establish the main barriers and challenges women experience in becoming motorcycle taxi riders in rural settings in Sierra Leone and Liberia. The overwhelming majority of motorcycle operators in both countries are males, serving what is perhaps a majority female clientele. Data will also be gathered on the gendered impact of the availability of motorcycle taxis in the rural areas of both countries. The data collection tools are listed and discussed, and the methodology explained. The annexes include the various questionnaires that we will use to collect data and which will help us to answer our research questions. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in the Motorcycle Taxi Sector in Rural Sierra Leone and Liberia | Inception Report | Swansea University, UK; Analysis Knowledge Answers (AKA Research) | Peters, K.;Mokuwa, E. | 2017 | This research will establish the main barriers and challenges women experience in becoming motorcycle riders in rural settings in Sierra Leone and Liberia and how these can be overcome. This inception report covers the research objectives, questions and the methodology. The research will log rural women's needs for and use of rural transport provisions, with particular focus on motorcycle taxi transport. Furthermore, it assesses whether a pioneering community-driven rural track construction project in northern Liberia – designed to further facilitate rural motorcycle transportation and with explicit gender mainstreaming in design, planning, and implementation – empowers women and makes them more likely to take up the motorcycle taxi profession and/or opt for household/village roles or livelihood activities normally not associated with females. | |
| Rural Transport Survey Report | Tokali-Wechiau-Wa Road, Upper West Region, Ghana | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI); Swansea University, UK | Afukaar, F.;Peters, K.;Damsere-Derry, J. | 2017 | This road survey was carried out in the framework of the AfCAP Rural Transport Diagnostic Study on Ghana (GHA2050A). This study was carried out in the Guinea savannah ecological zone in Ghana, focusing on the Tokali-Wechiau-Wa rural road in the Wa West District in the Upper West region. The study sought to understand the existing transport systems for the rural communities along and within the road's catchment area. The rapid rural appraisal methodology was used to gain a deep understanding of the existing rural transport systems based on in-depth qualitative interviews with transport users, operators, regulators and those concerned with socioeconomic development. This produced some valuable 'order of magnitude' estimates, related to movements of people and goods in the rural communities for distances greater than 5 km. | |
| Rural Transport Survey Report | Gyasikrom-Ayomso Road, Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI); Swansea University, UK | Afukaar, F.;Peters, K.;Damsere-Derry, J. | 2017 | This road survey was carried out in the framework of the AfCAP Rural Transport Diagnostic Study on Ghana (GHA2050A). This study seeks to understand the existing transport systems for rural communities along and within the catchment area of the Gyasikrom–Ayomso road, a low-volume road in Ghana's forested Brong Ahafo region. The rapid rural appraisal methodology was used which produced valuable 'order of magnitude' estimates in a relatively short period, related to movements of people and goods in the surveyed rural communities for distances greater than 5 km. Generally, transport users were dissatisfied with overloading, poor service predictability, long waiting times and high passenger fares. | |
| Rural Transport Survey Report | Abor-Avenorpeme-Hatorgodo Road, Volta Region, Ghana | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI); Swansea University, UK | Afukaar, F.;Peters, K.;Damsere-Derry, J. | 2017 | This road survey was carried out in the framework of the AfCAP Rural Transport Diagnostic Study on Ghana (GHA2050A). This rural transport study was undertaken in the Akatsi South District, Volta region, in Ghana's coastal savannah ecological zone. The study sought to understand the existing transport systems for the rural communities along and within the catchment area of Abor-Avenorpeme-Hatorgodo road. Using the rapid rural appraisal methodology, the study conducted a limited number of in-depth qualitative interviews of different transport users, operators, regulators and development-related stakeholders. Through this method, reliable ‘order of magnitude' estimates were derived, related to movements of people and goods, transport fares, tariffs and preferences of road users for travel distances greater than 5 km. | |
| Rural Transport Diagnostic Study in Ghana | Stakeholder workshop report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI); Swansea University, UK | Afukaar, F.;Peters, K.;Damsere-Derry, J. | 2017 | This report summarises the main discussion points, recommendations and suggestions, which culminated from the stakeholder workshop of the project on the Rural transport diagnostic study in Ghana. The workshop involved a plenary session where the consultants presented their reports followed by a break-up session for group discussions. The topics covered in the group discussions included: questions relating to use of formal means of public transport, questions relating to the provision of transport services by motorcycle (taxis) and motor tricycles, and cross-cutting issues, including financing of public transport on low volume roads and the roles of transport unions and the police. It was recommended that the Road Traffic Regulations 2012 (LI 2180) be reviewed to allow the commercial use of motorcycles and tricycles in rural areas. Other recommendations have been made and presented in this report. | |
| ReCAP eNewsletter August 2017 | Safe and Sustainable Transport for Rural Communities | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2017 | 7th edition of the ReCAP eNewsletter, August 2017: Contents: Measuring Universal Rural Access in the Sustainable Mobility for All initiative; Supporting future industry leaders; Enhancing rural transport systems in Sierra Leone and Liberia; Knowledge dissemination and exchange on motorcycle taxis; Short ReCAP News, Upcoming Calls and Events. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Trial Sections in Mozambique Incorporating Capacity Building of Road Research Centre Personnel | Site Visit Report: 2nd to 12th May 2017 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Vilinga, A. | 2017 | AfCAP is assisting the Mozambique National Roads Administration (ANE) to evaluate existing road experimental sections constructed previously in Mozambique under several programmes, including with AfCAP support. These trial sections were designed to demonstrate and verify different options in design, material utilisation and construction methods for rural roads (particularly low-volume rural roads- LVR). In order to achieve the objective of influencing future policy in the road sector, it is necessary to review the outcomes of all trial sections constructed in Mozambique and to start a process of establishing new trial sections. This report describes in brief the activities that were undertaken by the ANE research team and CDS in Maputo and at the site of the LTPP and Trial Sections in Maxixe, Inhambane Province in the period 2nd May to 12th May 2017. | |
| Climate resilience and adaptation: Engineering adaptation options and assessment workshop | Paige-Green Consulting | Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | Presentation slides used for the AfCAP Climate Resilience and Adaptation workshop held at the 8th T2 Conference, May 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. | ||
| Responding to climate change effects on rural roads through application of cost effective erosion control measures | A case study in Zimbabwe | Wiggins, P.;Gongera, K. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supported paper on: Responding to climate change effects on rural roads through application of cost effective erosion control measures | ||
| Community based rural transport solutions for improving access to essential health services in Zambia | Transaid | Simfukwe, V. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supported paper on: Community based rural transport solutions for improving access to essential health services in Zambia. | ||
| Implementing an Emergency Transport Scheme in rural Madagascar | Transaid | Ramadany, A. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supporte paper on: Implementing an Emergency Transport Scheme in rural Madagascar. | ||
| Introduction of tractor based rural road maintenance approaches in Zambia | Intech Associates; Road Development Agency (RDA), Zambia | Petts, R.;Gongera, K.;Goma, J. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supported paper on: Introduction of tractor based rural road maintenance approaches in Zambia. | ||
| The impact of road surface condition on rural transport services | TRL Ltd.; Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Otto, A.;Endale, A. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supported paper on: The impact of road surface condition on rural transport services. | ||
| The use of RoadRoid application and smart phones for road condition monitoring in developing countries | Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) | Akinmade, O.;Cinfwat, K.;Ibrahim, A.;Omange, G. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supported paper on: The use of RoadRoid application and smart phones for road condition monitoring in developing countries. | ||
| Road traffic injury in Tanzania: Development of a local government road safety programme | Amend; Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG), Tanzania | Bishop, T.;Magafu, F. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP supported paper on: Road traffic injury in Tanzania: Development of a local government road safety programme | ||
| Improving Road Safety through National and Regional Standards for Professional Driver Training in East Africa | Transaid | Barber, C. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP-supported paper on: Improving Road Safety through National and Regional Standards for Professional Driver Training in East Africa. | ||
| Life-cycle cost comparison of alternative surfacing for steep slopes on low volume roads in Ghana | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J. | 2017 | This is the T2 Conference presentation of the ReCAP-supported paper on: Life-cycle cost comparison of alternative surfacing for steep slopes on low volume roads in Ghana | ||
| Malawi: Agriculture Sector Wide Approach – Support Project (ASWAP-SP) | Final Technical Audit Report | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I.;Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2017 | As part of AfCAP's support to the roads sector in Malawi, a technical audit exercise has been carried out on five separate road projects that are financed by the World Bank. These projects are a component of the Agriculture Sector Wide Approach – Support Project (ASWAP - SP) which is aimed at increasing access to agricultural input and output markets in Malawi. The main purpose of the audit was to expose key stakeholder in the roads sector in Malawi to the fundamentals of technical auditing of road projects and, in the process, to assess the extent to which the design and construction of the road projects comply with the prescribed procedures, standards and specifications set down in the project documents. | |
| Responding to climate change effects on rural roads through application of cost effective erosion control measures | A case study in Zimbabwe | Wiggins, P.;Gongera, K. | 2017 | Erosion damages have long been a problem for the maintenance of rural roads by causing extensive damages to the road system necessitating expensive repairs, and the damages from erosion effects are rising. Climate change is increasing the severity of droughts and extreme rainfall incidents resulting in increased runoff and siltation that overwhelms the road drainage systems and cause extensive damages. The Zimbabwe “Erosion Control Programme” ran from 1996 to 2002, provides evidence of the effectiveness of this type of intervention. Erosion Control Units were set-up countrywide, tackling identified erosion damages following a planned approach utilizing gabions and deep-rooted vetiver grass. Recent follow-up inspections to selected sites have confirmed that the measures are still effective after 15 over years of implementing the project. | ||
| Community based rural transport solutions for improving access to essential health services in Zambia | Transaid | Simfukwe, V.;Mubuyaeta, K.;O'Connor, E. | 2017 | The MORE Mobilising Access to Maternal Health Services in Zambia (MORE MAMaZ) programme was an integrated programme that empowered rural communities and aimed to improve health outcomes for women living in rural Zambia. Running between March 2014 and September 2016 the programme was implemented by a consortium comprised of Development Data, Disacare, Health Partners International and Transaid and was funded by Comic Relief/DfID. The Emergency Transport Scheme (ETS) uses non-motorised Intermediate Modes of Transport (IMTs) to reduce the barrier in accessing health care services in rural communities, particularly for pregnant women. After a comprehensive assessment, bicycle ambulances were selected for use in four of the districts and ox carts were chosen in Mongu district. Data from the five programme districts show that the percentage of women delivering at a health facility has increased from 64% at baseline to 89% at the end-line. | ||
| Implementing an Emergency Transport Scheme in rural Madagascar | Transaid | Ramadany, A.;Eagan, S.;Barber, C.;Kruse, I. | 2017 | This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of emergency transport in isolated communities in rural Madagascar through an innovative programme with a holistic approach to providing quality health care services. The Community Based Integrated Health Programme, known locally as MAHEFA, was a five-year USAIDfunded programme led by JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., and implemented in partnership with Transaid, The Manoff Group and 15 national NGOs. The overall aim of the programme was to reduce maternal, child, and new-born mortality and malnutrition rates through increasing the uptake of health-related community-based interventions and essential products. | ||
| Introduction of tractor based rural road maintenance approaches in Zambia | Intech Associates; Road Development Agency (RDA), Zambia | Petts, R.;Gongera, K.;Goma, J. | 2017 | This paper investigates the need, rationale and challenges of introducing more affordable and sustainable unpaved road maintenance in Zambia through the introduction of proven agricultural tractor based technology methods. The paper discusses exploratory consultations with key stakeholders in the road sector, Local Government, national service, training and agricultural sector, credit institutions, potential equipment suppliers, and potential partners in the private sector. The investigations concluded that there are clear cost and sustainability advantages for the introduction of such approaches. In broad terms, unit road maintenance costs could be approximately halved, thus doubling the possible network coverage with the already available funds. The paper also looks at the potential to reduce the maintenance burden and generate increased maintenance funding. | ||
| The impact of road surface condition on rural transport services | TRL Ltd.; Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Otto, A.;Endale, A. | 2017 | This paper is based on a case-study of a road improvement project carried out in Ethiopia. The road improvement works were carried out between 2007 and 2016. The results show that improvement of the surface standard of a gravel road to a paved standard led to an immediate increase in the number of trips of public transport vehicles. The increase in number of trips provided opportunities for cheaper transport fares for the local community and in turn encouraged more travel to support economic and social activities. The study also showed that if a road surface condition deteriorates significantly, certain types of public transport vehicles either stop the provision of services or decrease the number of trips made. It is therefore important to maintain the rural road conditions to carefully selected performance thresholds in order for public transport services to thrive and support the socio-economic well-being of the rural communities, and in turn the economy of the country. | ||
| The use of RoadRoid application and smart phones for road condition monitoring in developing countries | Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) | Akinmade, O.;Cinfwat, K.;Ibrahim, A.;Omange, G. | 2017 | Road roughness data, which can be an indicator of road condition, can be collected using the in-built accelerometer available in smart phones in a simple and cost-efficient way. The possibility of continuous data collection can also give early warnings of road surface changes and road damage; thus, enabling new ways of road maintenance management. The smart phone-based system equipped with the Roadroid application software is an alternative to Class 4 – subjective rating of roads where it is impossible to use heavy, complex and expensive equipment, and for bicycle lanes. A road section exhibiting different road condition levels in Jabi District of Abuja in Nigeria was identified and the road condition survey was conducted using the Roadroid application. Arterial roads within the metropolis of Abuja, Nigeria are being monitored using this application. Developing countries can take advantage of this powerful tool to help in their road inventories, inception reports, tactical planning, program analysis, support maintenance and project evaluation, especially in the era of economic challenges and dearth of road funds. | ||
| Road traffic injury in Tanzania: Development of a local government road safety programme | Amend; Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG), Tanzania | Bishop, T.;Magafu, F. | 2017 | The DFID-funded Improving Rural Access in Tanzania programme (IRAT) is improving rural roads by removing ‘bottlenecks' – stretches of road which are impassable during the rainy season. However, improved roads also result in increased traffic and often in higher speeds, which can create safety risks. Research carried out in Tanzania has shown that 95% of rural road crash victims are either the driver or passenger of a motorcycle, the severity of injuries suffered in crashes involving motorcycle is greater than those suffered in crashes involving other modes, and road user behaviour, road design, road surface condition and construction techniques all contribute to rural motorcycle crashes. This paper discusses the development of a road safety programme for local government authorities in Tanzania. | ||
| Improving Road Safety through National and Regional Standards for Professional Driver Training in East Africa | Transaid | Rettie, N.;Barber, C. | 2017 | Whilst East Africa has significant trade potential, high transport costs are restrictive, in part attributed to high incidences of road crashes. Inadequate professional driver training and a lack of clearly recognised regional standards led the EAC Secretariat to support the harmonisation of standards throughout the region. Transaid carried out a review of current training procedures used across the EAC to identify best practice and inform the development of the driver training curriculum and associated training materials. Transaid completed a standardised competence-based training curriculum specifying minimum standards of ability for drivers and clear training (theoretical and practical) modules with guidelines for trainers. Transaid collaborated with the transport regulator in Tanzania to assess current training provision for boda boda riders, review existing training materials and develop a new standardised curriculum. The new curriculum was officially launched in March 2016. | ||
| Life-cycle cost comparison of alternative surfacing for steep slopes on low volume roads in Ghana | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); ReCAP PMU; Department of Feeder Roads Ghana | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Sampson, L.;Agyekum, P.;Ampadu, K. | 2017 | An AfCAP study was conducted to identify alternative surfacing options to gravel wearing courses used on steep gradients (in excess of 12%) of feeder roads in Ghana. A major outcome was three surfacing options (i.e. concrete, bituminous and stone setts/cobbles) that would be more effective to address drainage and erosion problems on the steep section than gravel wearing courses currently used by the Department of Feeder Roads (DFR). The objective of this paper is to present a life-cycle cost comparison of six pavement options proposed for steep hilly sections of feeder roads in Ghana. The economic evaluation methodology adopted is the present worth of cost. Although not very decisively, the life-cycle cost analysis of the six pavements indicated that with a real discount rate of 12%, 70 mm ultra-thin reinforced concrete surfacing has the lowest cost (GBP 72.4/m²), whereas 50 mm hot-mix asphalt emerged as the option with the highest cost (GBP 91.7/m²). Based on the analysis results, it is concluded that all six pavement options remain cost-effective structures compared with a gravel wearing course. | ||
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Road Construction and Usage in Ethiopia: Impacts and Implications | Progress Report | MetaMeta; Mekelle University, Ethiopia | Borgia, C.;Abhishek, A.;Fajardo Vera, L.;Manjur, K. | 2017 | The project examines gender mainstreaming in rural road construction and usage in Ethiopia's Amhara and Tigray regions. This progress report marks the completion of a significant part of data collection during the reporting period January-March 2017. Provisional results were validated at two stakeholder workshops in Tigray and Amhara. They highlighted that women accord a higher value to feeder roads than men; that due to the scarcity of rural transport options, unsuitable three wheeler vehicles and buses service the feeder roads; and the spread of Intermediate Means of Transport (IMT) is limited by high running costs and poor road condition. Some key themes have emerged from the research, which will form a basis for the policy outputs. Dissemination activities have been carried out throughout the project period through blogs, videos, and workshops; and will continue, culminating in a webinar towards the end of the research. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Road Construction and Usage in Ethiopia: Impact and Implications | Inception Report | MetaMeta; Mekelle University, Ethiopia | Abhishek, A.;Fajardo Vera, L.;Manjur, K. | 2017 | The project examines gender mainstreaming in rural road construction and usage in Ethiopia's Amhara and Tigray regions. This report covers the Inception phase of the project. During inception, analysis of data from 529 households revealed key differences between male and female-headed households, in terms of how they benefit from road construction and access to transport. Consultations with local stakeholders helped validate these findings, elucidate the socio-economic context behind them, and identify the most promising solutions and areas of intervention. Key findings show that female-headed households bear a higher risk of losing their land to road construction while having lower mobility along completed roads; that road usage is very low in general which also reflects the paucity of available rural transport options; that women have less access to available options; and that Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) show a high potential for filling the transport gap. Based on the findings, the research methodology and questions were fine-tuned and tested. Research was initiated among communities along four feeder roads constructed through Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme. This sets the tone for Phase 2 where the bulk of the field research is to be carried out. | |
| InfraAfrica Recruitment Zambia Manuals (temporary file) | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | InfraAfrica | 2017 | Recruitment of Expert team for Zambia LVR manuals | ||
| Economic Growth Through Effective Road Asset Management | Consolidated Baseline Study Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Lema, C.;Bopoto, C.;Gongera, K.;Pinard, M. I. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) is providing technical assistance to foster improvements in asset management performance in selected rural road agencies in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The four countries participating are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape region of South Africa. This report presents the consolidated baseline data in road asset management for each of the participating countries relative to a framework for assessing asset management performance covering external/political factors, institutional arrangements, management of the road network, financing, technical aspects and operations. The establishment of the baseline showed that significant gaps in pre-requisites for sustainable road preservation exist in three project countries. | |
| Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Proposed Miathene-Mikinduri Road (D484), Meru County | ESIA Project Report | Norken International Ltd | Norken International Ltd | 2017 | The Government of Kenya (GoK), through the Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KeRRA) and Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP), is proposing to upgrade Road No. D484 (Kianjai-Miathene -Mikinduri Road) in Meru County from its present gravel status to low volume sealed status. This Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment (ESIA) project report describes the nature of road upgrading to be undertaken; reviews the relevant national policy, legislation, regulations, rules and standards as well as international conventions; reviews the baseline conditions in Meru County; analyses alternatives to the project; identifies both potential positive and negative environmental and socio-economic impacts; assesses these the impacts; and provides environmental and social management and monitoring plan. | |
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Executive Summary | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town | 2017 | The Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) is being created to develop the managerial capacity of young African transportation professionals so they will have the capacity to deliver Africa's transportation infrastructure. This Executive Summary as of July 2017 covers the implementation options, programme content and delivery structure, associated costs and candidate selection. The summary was prepared for the TSLDP stakeholder workshop held in Windhoek, Namibia on 13 July 2017. | |
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Supporting Africa's Future Transportation Leaders | Mott MacDonald | Nnene, O. | 2017 | This presentation on the AfCAP Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme was held at the 2nd IRF Africa Regional conference on 12 July 2017 as a general introduction on the context and aims of the project. | |
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Stakeholder Workshop | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Mott MacDonald;University of Cape Town | 2017 | The AfCAP Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme, implemented by Mott MacDonald and the University of Cape Town, held a stakeholder workshop at the 2nd IRF Africa Regional Conference on 13 July 2017. These are the slides used during the highly interactive workshop, outlining the programme and the various options for its content, implementation, accreditation etc. | |
| Capacity Building and Skills Development Programme for the Laboratories of the Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Tanzania | Capacitation of Laboratory Staff: Phase 2 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M.;Ventura, D. | 2017 | This project is aimed at supporting the objective of establishing a state-of-the-art Central Materials Research Laboratory (CMRL) in Tanzania that will support research activities and conduct quality control testing of materials used in Local Government road works; and capacitating the CMRL with the necessary personnel and equipment, through the training of laboratory personnel, to enable the facility to operate as a reference laboratory for the regional materials laboratories of PO-RALG. This report is part of the second project deliverable and focuses on: (i) the secondment of the LoGiTReC Laboratory Manager to an ISO 17025 accredited research laboratory, (ii) the hands-on training of the technicians undertaken at LoGITReC Central Materials Research Laboratory in Dodoma, as per second project deliverable. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Existing Trial Sections and Implementation of Regional Guidelines for Establishing and Monitoring Trial Sections in Tanzania | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, G.;Anochie-Boateng, J.;Merwe, A. van der | 2017 | This project will provide technical assistance to the LoGITReC Research Team as well as technicians and engineers in the roads sector and academia in Tanzania, to establish, carry out the monitoring surveys and evaluation of trial sections in accordance with standardised protocols. The project is aimed at addressing all aspects of Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) assessments, integrating capacity building throughout its implementation. This Inception Report highlights the progress of work at the inception phase and indicates how subsequent tasks/activities will be undertaken to achieve the objectives of the project. A revised programme plan is also provided in this report to guide the project team on the implementation of the project. | |
| Training-of-Trainers from Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia in the DCP-DN Design Method | Training Report Course 1 | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E.;Pinard, M. I. | 2017 | The first of the three planned courses for the Trainee Trainers (TT) project was conducted over two weeks from 29th May to 9th June, 2017 with five participants from Ghana and two from Liberia. As per the training approach, the Trainees got to practice their skills in delivering a full course in DCP-DN design method to a group of 8 new trainees during the second week of the ToT Course. Following the completion of the full courses, it is expected that the certified Trainers will be able to champion and conduct courses in the DCP-DN Environmentally Optimised Design of Low Volume Sealed Roads within their respective countries. | ||
| MTRD Capacity Building and Knowledge Management Needs Assessment | Final Report | Materials Testing & Research Division (MTRD), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Kenya | Heerden, M. van;Jennings, D. | 2017 | This is the report of a study about the capacity building needs of Materials Testing and Research Division (MTRD) of the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Housing and Urban Development (MOTIHUD) of Kenya, in order to meet the expectations of the Division's strategic plan. Since MTRD is a knowledge based organisation, which converts heavy engineering materials data and processes into information and knowledge; the capacity building study also emphasised the knowledge management aspects of the needs of the organisation as well as the other capacity building requirements. | |
| The Contribution of Rural Transport to the Sustainable Development Goals | Fact Sheet | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2017 | Rural transport plays an indispensable role in achieving more than half of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and fulfilling the promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to ‘leave no one behind'. To underscore the critical role of rural transport in achieving the SDGs, a set of key messages has been developed in the framework of the UKAid funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP), facilitated by the Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT), to explain how rural transport plays a key role in realizing the SDGs. This factsheet summarises the key messages and underwrites them with research evidence emanating from ReCAP research and other authoritative sources. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis, with a Focus on Satellite Imagery | Final Trials Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping LICs to improve their knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This report covers satellite condition trials carried out in Ghana, Kenya, Zambia and Tanzania. Imagery was procured for all countries at very high resolution, along with SAR imagery and some lower resolution imagery to test the feasibility of reducing the cost. Training has been completed in all countries in GIS applications and image interpretation, in order to prepare the teams to assess road condition from the imagery. Some conclusions and recommendations have been made, which focuses on maximising the strengths of the manual assessment system, whilst identifying the weaknesses. These lessons learned were used to develop the methodology to be included in the final guideline. The project will conduct a workshop at the T2 conference in Zambia during May 2017, where the potential for practically implementing the high-tech solutions identified, including the satellite imagery assessment, will be explored. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Inception Report for Phase 2 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M.;Roux, A. le;Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | In order to help address the significant threat to Africa's development climate change poses, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) has commissioned a two-phased project that started in April 2016 and is expected to be completed by December 2018, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. The output will assist the development of a climate-resilient road network that reaches fully into and between rural communities. This Inception Report for Phase 2 outlines the general methodology and programme that will be followed with respect to demonstrations, capacity building, uptake and embedment, and provides information on progress on the Adaptation Handbook and associated guidelines; workshops held in Tanzania and Zambia; and correlation between the proposed vulnerability assessment methodology and those developed by the World Bank, the European Union and the Asian Development Bank. | |
| Development of National Business Plans for the Establishment of Road Research Units/Centres in AsCAP member countries | Inception report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2017 | Based on the outcomes of project scoping exercises undertaken in three AsCAP countries (Bangladesh, Myanmar and Nepal), the need for the establishment of road research capacity within the partner government departments was identified as a high priority. AsCAP initiated a project to develop action/establishment plans supporting the needs of each country. These plans would address issues such as sustainable institutional arrangements, capacity building interventions and funding sources to support the road research centre or unit on an ongoing basis. This Inception Report presents the results of interactions held with key stakeholders in Myanmar and Nepal during May 2017. The objectives of these interactions were to identify the specific needs and to gain an understanding of how the individual government departments would like to establish road research management capacity within their existing institutional frameworks. The report also outlines a revised workplan to achieve the main objective, namely to develop business plans for the three countries, and secure their endorsement by Steering Committees established in those countries, so as to guide the partner government departments with the physical establishment of the research units/centres. | |
| Ground Improvement for Khulna Soft Clay Soil | Interim Laboratory Test Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2017 | The specific objective of this project identified in the ToR is ‘to establish a cost effective ground improvement technique(s) which will be applicable in Khulna and other similar regions which have soft soils'. This Interim Laboratory Test Report presents the methodologies employed and initial factual findings of site investigation field visits undertaken at 7 No. rural road sites between the 28th of January and the 5th of February 2017. The 7 No. sites were selected from an initial list of 35 No. locations presented in the Inception Report and were selected as they were seemingly representative of 7 No. common features / key road failure issues as identified in the Field Situation Analysis Report. At each site, in-situ testing was conducted using a Panda 2 Probe which is a manually operated variable energy input dynamic cone penetrometer. Soil samples were also taken from various levels within the highways earthworks for standard geotechnical laboratory classification. | |
| Ground Improvement for Khulna Soft Clay Soil | Inception Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2016 | The specific objective of this project identified in the ToR is ‘to establish a cost effective ground improvement technique(s) which will be applicable in Khulna and other similar regions which have soft soils'. The Inception Report is the first of seven key milestones in the delivery of the project. In this report, the sources of information gathered and studied for the literature review are presented and their content appraised. The wider geology of Bangladesh is examined and identified with the focus then narrowing on the project study area of the Khulna region. Typical high-level geotechnical parameters are presented for the soft soil ground conditions that impact construction and infrastructure in the Khulna Region; the negative impact of soft ground on such assets being assessed in detail. Sites of rural road infrastructure in Khulna Region (and other areas) suitable for further investigation and study are identified in the Report. | |
| The contribution of rural transport to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals | ReCAP PMU; Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | Cook, J.;Petts, R.;Visser, C.;Yiu, A. | 2017 | Rural transport plays an indispensable role in achieving more than half of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and fulfilling the promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to ‘leave no one behind'. To underscore the critical role of rural transport in achieving the SDGs, a set of key messages has been developed in the framework of the UKAid funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP), facilitated by the Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT), to explain how rural transport plays a key role in realizing the SDGs. This paper analyses the contribution of rural transport in achieving the SDGs through the lens of the five key messages, based on research and evidence from a wide range of authoritative sources including ReCAP and preceding programmes. | ||
| Moderating an online AfCAP LVR-DCP Software User Forum | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Beer, M. de;Rensburg, Y. van | 2016 | AfCAP has developed pavement design software for low volume roads (LVR), named AfCAP LVR-DCP Software, together with the associated Software Help File (SHF), and has made it available on a “free to use” basis on the ReCAP website. The users of this important LVR design software are supported through an inter-active User Forum that will also be used for further development and refinement of the software. This inception report addresses such assistance to ReCAP provided by the CSIR. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Phase 1 Stakeholder Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Zihni, J. | 2017 | Phase 1 of the Back Analysis project involves the collection and processing of evidence relating to the performance of existing and previous LVSRs over the last forty years. The main activity during this phase was development of a Low Volume Roads (LVR) database containing data on LVSR sections in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia that were collected over a number of decades, including aspects of their design, construction and maintenance that have influenced their in-service performance. The purpose of this report is to record the proceedings of the Phase 1 Stakeholder Workshop held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from 5th to 6th April 2017. The workshop outlined activities undertaken in Phase 1 and the methodological approach for delivering Phase 2 and 3 of the project. | |
| Evaluation of the Effect of Road Condition on the Quality of Agricultural Produce | Inception Report | TRL Ltd.; International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Bradbury, A.;Hine, J.;Otto, A.;Njenga, P. | 2017 | The project is concerned with the cost-beneficial improvement of ‘First Mile' access and the transport services associated with transferring harvest produce on the initial stages of movement from the farm to established road access. The research project will conduct fieldwork in Tanzania and Kenya to explore transport service and engineering solutions for the provision of improved access to markets for small scale farmers with reduced overheads and improved timeliness, and improving contributions to poverty reduction and food security. This Inception Report sets out the purpose, aims and objectives of the research, and reiterates the approach and methodology for delivering the project, while providing some background to the issue of smallholder farming and agricultural marketing in Kenya and Tanzania. It outlines the key activities undertaken during the Inception Phase, including the identification of key counterparts from government authorities in each country, and development of site selection criteria. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Phase 1 Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, R.;Mukura, K.;Buckland, T.;Otto, A.;Mayanja, M.;Zihni, J. | 2017 | The Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) through Back Analysis project involves the review of previous LVSR studies on the design and performance of pavements and materials in a variety of environments. The project is in three Phases. Phase 1 involved the collection and processing of evidence relating to the performance of existing and previous LVSRs over the last forty years. This report provides a record of activities completed in Phase 1, comprising a preliminary gap analysis of long term pavement performance metrics following a review of existing data and identification of potential gaps in the knowledge base. The main activity during this phase was development of a Low Volume Roads (LVR) database containing data on LVSR sections in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia that were collected over a number of decades, including aspects of their design, construction and maintenance that have influenced their in-service performance. | |
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development | First Progress Report | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | Yiu, A.;Huizenga, C. | 2017 | The Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) is implementing a project commissioned by the UK Aid-funded Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) to promote sustainable rural access as a viable component of the implementation strategies for achieving SDG and to ensure its inclusion in the high-level, multi-lateral discourse on sustainable transport and rural development. This document reports on the current progress and summarizes the outputs produced under the three workstreams: 1) Advocacy and Outreach; 2) Global and Regional Dialogues; and 3) Operationalization of SDGs during Implementation Phase I of the joint project from 16 December 2016 to 12 April 2017. | |
| Transforming Rural Access: motorcycles, low-cost infrastructure and appropriate standards | Workshop slides | Transaid | TRANSAID | 2017 | Workshop slides used for the AfCAP workshop on Transforming Rural Access: motorcycles, low-cost infrastructure and appropriate standards at the 8th T2 Conference, May 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. | |
| Transforming Rural Access: Motorcycle taxis, low-cost infrastructure and appropriate standards | Final Workshop Report | Transaid | Barber, C.;Simfukwe, V. | 2017 | In many countries motorcycles and motorcycle taxis are the most common vehicles and may account for 75% of passenger and freight transport on Low Volume Rural Roads. ReCAP has funded recent research on motorcycle taxis and recently organised a webinar or motorcycles which was attended by people from 24 different countries. The Transportation Technology Transfer (T2) conference 2017 was an excellent opportunity to build on the momentum of these activities and facilitate discussion and dissemination on this important topic. This workshop report covers the workshop methodology and programme. It provides a summary of valuable group discussions covering topics such as the role and potential of motorcycle taxi associations to self-regulate and improve rural access and safety, regulation, safety and training and finally community based labour to build tracks/improve infrastructure to improve rural mobility. | |
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Interim Phase I Report: Programme Development | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Kelly, K.;Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Nnene, O.;Hughes, D. | 2017 | The Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) is being created to develop the managerial capacity of young African transportation professionals so they will have the capacity to deliver Africa's transportation infrastructure. This report, in fulfilment of the requirements of the Interim Report, discusses the findings from the needs assessment and development of the course structure and content. The programme will likely need to be offered as modular Continuous Professional Development (CDP) course initially to fit within the necessary implementation timelines. | |
| Moderating an online AfCAP LVR-DCP Software User Forum | Frequently Asked Questions Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Beer, M. de;Rensburg, Y. van | 2017 | AfCAP has developed pavement design software for low volume roads (LVR), named AfCAP LVR-DCP Software, together with the associated Software Help File (SHF), and has made it available on a “free to use” basis on the ReCAP website. The users of this important LVR design software are supported through an inter-active User Forum that will also be used for further development and refinement of the software. This document reports on the initiation of discussion and also frequently asked questions (FAQ) aimed at further stimulating user discussion on the associated Users LVR-DCP Forum web page. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | T2 Workshop slides | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Civil Design Solutions, Africa | 2017 | Presentation slides used for the AfCAP Road Asset Management workshop held at the 8th T2 Conference, May 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. | |
| Road Materials and Aggregate Inventory Database - Phase I | Inception Report | Orion Consulting Associates (OCA); Link Asea | Bijl, J.;Corea, R. | 2017 | This report covers the inception period of the AfCAP regional project Road Materials and Aggregate Inventory Database Phase 1. Phase 1 covers the scoping study to identify a suitable architecture for a materials database. During the Inception stage, a desk review and stakeholder survey was carried out to assess the current institutional framework for materials information management in the partner countries as well as their current materials database systems and needs. Of those who responded, only one (1) partner (Ethiopia) has only recently developed a materials database, which is currently being trialled. The main priority of the stakeholders is to have a materials database with a mapping tool showing borrow pits and quarries, their typical properties and potential use in road works. Based on the stakeholder feedback, the proposed countries to be visited during Task 2 (fieldwork consultations) for problem analysis, conceptualising the database model and defining the system requirements are Ghana, Ethiopia and Mozambique. In addition, the Consultant proposes to visit Namibia to review their well-tested materials database system. | |
| An introductory Webinar: Motorcycle Taxis in the Rural Context in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia | Webinar slides | Transaid | TRANSAID | 2017 | On the 6th of April 2017, Transaid facilitated a ReCAP introductory webinar on the topic of Motorcycle Taxis in a rural context in Africa and Asia. The webinar addressed the role of motorcycle taxis in enabling people in rural Uganda access health care, regulations that are being implemented to manage motorcycle taxis in Tanzania, research on helmet use in Myanmar and innovations and technology which are changing the way people access motorcycle taxis. This document contains the webinar slideshow. | |
| An introductory Webinar: Motorcycle Taxis in the Rural Context in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia | Final Report | Transaid | TRANSAID | 2017 | On the 6th of April 2017, Transaid facilitated a ReCAP introductory webinar on the topic of Motorcycle Taxis in a rural context in Africa and Asia. The webinar addressed the role of motorcycle taxis in enabling people in rural Uganda access health care, regulations that are being implemented to manage motorcycle taxis in Tanzania, research on helmet use in Myanmar and innovations and technology which are changing the way people access motorcycle taxis. This final report addresses the webinar metrics, programme and outcomes. | |
| PDG 1: Pavement Design Guideline for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Second Edition | Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing & Urban Development, Kenya | Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing & Urban Development, Kenya | 2017 | This Low volume sealed roads design guideline was developed by the Kenya Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development through the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) with technical assistance of TRL Ltd. (United Kingdom) under the AFCAP programme funded by the UKAID. To achieve the government's set objectives, it is necessary to adopt appropriate pavement design methods and related materials specifications that lead to the development of environmentally optimised road designs, which minimise design, construction and maintenance costs. The Guideline takes account of best practice developments in low volume roads technology that have evolved both regionally and internationally in the past few decades. The development of the Guideline was undertaken in close consultation with the stakeholders in the roads sector. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part G: Road Maintenance | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | The Manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of low traffic earth, gravel or paved (sealed) roads. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (mesa). The Manual complements and links to the ERA design manuals for higher traffic roads and is accompanied by ERA documents dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. Part G specifically sets out guidance for weredas, kebeles and all local communities on how to maintain their own road access using the limited resources available to them. It also advises how it may be possible to mobilise outside resources to enhance the impact of local initiatives. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part E: Explanatory Notes and Design Standards for Small Structures | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | The Manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of low traffic earth, gravel or paved (sealed) roads. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (mesa). The Manual complements and links to the ERA design manuals for higher traffic roads and is accompanied by ERA documents dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. Part E deals with small drainage and watercourse crossing structures, typically up to 10 metres span, and retaining structures. It provides detailed guidance on the processes involved with the planning and design of small drainage and other structures for low volume roads. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part D: Construction of Low Volume Roads | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | The Manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of low traffic earth, gravel or paved (sealed) roads. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (mesa). The Manual complements and links to the ERA design manuals for higher traffic roads and is accompanied by ERA documents dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. Part D deals with a wide range of issues relating to the construction of LVRs that the contractor and supervisor need to consider and to act upon, whether these parties are provided in-house or externally procured. Construction issues include the choice of construction method, material utilisation options, control of the quality of the works (especially compaction and layer thicknesses), and proper management of borrow pit operations. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part C: Complimentary Interventions | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | The Manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of low traffic earth, gravel or paved (sealed) roads. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (mesa). The Manual complements and links to the ERA design manuals for higher traffic roads and is accompanied by ERA documents dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. Part C describes some concepts and practical issues relating to the planning, design and implementation of potential complementary interventions on low volume road projects. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part B: Design of Low Volume Roads | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | The Manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of low traffic earth, gravel or paved (sealed) roads. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (mesa). The Manual complements and links to the ERA design manuals for higher traffic roads and is accompanied by ERA documents dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. Part B of the manual provides explanatory notes and supporting information that should be considered during the design process and provides background to the standards described in the remaining sections of the Manual. | |
| Manual for Low Volume Roads | Part A: Introduction to Low Volume Roads design | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | The Manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design, construction and maintenance of low traffic earth, gravel or paved (sealed) roads. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (mesa). The Manual complements and links to the ERA design manuals for higher traffic roads and is accompanied by ERA documents dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. Part A, this part, provides an overview of the Manual, its application, context, use and introduces the philosophy of low volume road design. | |
| Wereda road maintenance guide | Preserving community access | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2016 | This Road Maintenance Guide is designed for use by supervisors and managers at wereda level in Ethiopia, to assist them to identify road defects and remedy them on a regular basis. The pictorial format is designed to help with the instruction of labourers and community members on the various maintenance tasks on earth, gravel and paved road surfaces, and the off-road features. | |
| Investigation of suitable dust suppressants for low volume gravel roads in the Terai region of Nepal | Inception report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Greening, T.;Merrilees, K.;Shahi, B. | 2017 | The ultimate goal of the research is to determine the efficacy of non-proprietary products in reducing road dust pollution on gravel roads in Nepal, in terms of social and economic impacts. This research will focus on the Terai region of Nepal, which is the low-lying area across the south of the country, bordering with India. The project will aim to establish a method of measuring roadside dust, using appropriate equipment. This Inception report provides the outline approach and methodology and the revised workplan. A review of potential equipment that could be used for this purpose is included in Annex D. This report has been revised following the initial visit of the team to Nepal to meet the main stakeholders. | |
| Climate resilient concrete structures in marine environment of Bangladesh | Interim field and laboratory testing report 1 - Mix design strategy report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2017 | This project will examine the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost-effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. With the laboratory testing from the field condition survey underway, this report aims to develop the strategy and research framework for these laboratory investigations, and for the following project component to develop concrete mix designs for rural road structures in Bangladesh's marine environment. The research matrix provided in this report for the phase-I and phase-II part of the laboratory investigations builds on the gaps identified in the literature survey and findings from the condition survey of structures in the coastal region of Bangladesh. | |
| Climate resilient concrete structures in marine environment in Bangladesh | Interim field and laboratory testing report 2 - Phase 1 study | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2017 | This project will examine the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost- effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. This 2nd Interim field and laboratory testing report describes and discusses the phase I experimental work undertaken as part of field and laboratory testing. The outcome of the phase I testing results suggest that the material optimisation and inter-relationship between various factors studied helps in the design of concrete mixes planned for phase II laboratory testing. The study on coated brick aggregates has showed a potential scope for improvement of concrete strength as compared with uncoated brick aggregates. | |
| Climate resilient concrete structures in marine environment in Bangladesh | Condition survey report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2016 | This project will examine the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost-effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. This condition survey report provides factual information from the condition survey of structures in four identified coastal districts of Bangladesh viz., Gopalganj, Bagerhat, Cox's Bazar and Noakhali. The report is presented with available test information and will be updated when full test information is available. The information in this report will be used to feed into the development of the mix design programme. | |
| Investigation of the suitability of pre-cast/pre-fabricated modular bridges for rural roads in Nepal - Pilot study | Inception report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Kominek, M.;Hine, J.;Shah, B. | 2017 | This research will focus on defining and developing a new modular construction for Nepal, which is suitable for all environments. access to remote areas in Nepal, and bridges are a key component of this. The motivation for this project came from DoLIDAR with their need to construct up to 2,000 new bridges to support the expansion of the rural road network. At present they use mainly reinforced in-situ concrete bridges, which are slow to construct and pose particular challenges with quality control and transport of materials, especially in hilly areas. The ultimate goal of the research project is to formulate a bridge construction approach for spans of 25m to 40m, built by assembling smaller pre-manufactured units that can be handled with small hauling and lifting devices. This inception reports provides the outline approach and methodology for the project as well as an updated workplan. | |
| Myanmar Programme Planning with DRD | Cartier Consult | Cartier van Dissel, S. | 2016 | In 2015 preliminary discussions were held in Myanmar with the Department of Rural Development (DRD) within the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development and agreement was reached in principle to move forward towards an MOU. It was considered necessary to have an agreed outline programme of potential research areas together with a conceptual budget. The purpose of this assignment was to identify likely areas of research, capacity development and knowledge transfer in which DRD would welcome ASCAP support and to broadly present these in terms of an outline country programme and concept budget. This outline programme of research areas was developed in conjunction with DRD and has their full support. An important secondary purpose of this assignment was to confirm areas within rural transport programmes of the World Bank, ADB and KfW that would benefit from cooperation and added value from ASCAP. | ||
| Baseline survey of past and current road sector research undertakings in Uganda and the establishment of an EDMS | Inception report: Institutional review and study methodology | Aurecon AMEI Ltd | Moolman, A.;Steyn, W.;Kamara, J. | 2017 | The purpose of this project is to carry out a baseline survey of past and current research that has been undertaken on the roads sector in Uganda, and to establish a databank that enables access to such research. The study commenced on 22 November 2016. This Inception report documents the methodology; initial feedback from key stakeholders; best practices for establishing an electronic document management system and initial comments on the proposed framework for evaluating historic and current road research. This document also presents a questionnaire that was developed to assist in the investigation of the current status and structure of road research in Uganda and of the parties involved, as well as the requirements of stakeholders to assist in the drawing up of specifications for the databank. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis | Tanzania Scoping Study | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R. | 2017 | This study is designed to assess the possibility of including Tanzania in the current phase of the high-tech solutions project. The Team Leader of the project visited Tanzania between 19th and 24th March 2017 to make this assessment. Meetings were held with the main Tanzania and Donor stakeholders. The Tanzania Road Fund Board identified a key problem as a lack of information on the rural road networks of Tanzania; a common issue in Africa. There are three possible areas where the high-tech solutions project could help with the specific needs of the Road Fund; confirming road lengths, checking road conditions and providing detailed up-to-date maps. There would also be an opportunity to see if the technology is compatible with the DROMAS 2 database. These solutions could be trialled during the present phase of the project with a short training from the project, and some counterpart input from the main stakeholders in Tanzania. Further recommendations have been made for the involvement of Tanzania in any future phases of the project, although this would depend on the final results of the current phase and the avoidance of any duplication with other initiatives in Tanzania. It is important that any inputs are appropriate and useful for the stakeholders of all roads in Tanzania. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis | Peer Reviewed Desk Study Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Irving, A. | 2016 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping low income countries to gain knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This desk study includes a revision of literature and previous research to inform the reader on the subjects to researched in this project. Recommendations are made on which high-tech areas to pilot in phase 2 and which countries to partner with, including an indication of the resources they are willing to commit. the Report has been peer reviewed by Catapult. | |
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda on Sustainable Development | Key Messages Consultation Analysis | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2017 | A set of key messages on rural transport and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is being developed to serve as the cornerstone of advocacy materials used by the Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport in various media channels, publications, and promotional materials on outreach on rural transport in the context of the project, “Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda on Sustainable Development.” A consultation process on the key messages on rural transport and SDGs ran from January to February 2017. This document gives an analysis of the results of the consultation process and proposes the final list of five key messages on rural transport and SDGs. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Existing Trial Sections and Implementation of Regional Guidelines for Establishing and Monitoring Trial Sections in Tanzania | Project Mobilization Phase Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Mgangira, M. | 2017 | There is a need for a systematic evaluation of the trial sections in Tanzania, including the methods for collecting data and quality of monitoring data, compared to standard protocol requirements. This project is aimed at addressing all aspects of Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) assessments, including capacity building of LoGITReC staff and others, in the establishment of new sections and processes and procedures required for monitoring them over time. This document is the completion report on Project Mobilization Phase, following the award of the contract. | |
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Trial Sections in Mozambique incorporating Capacity Building of Road Research Centre Personnel | Site Visit Report No. 2 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Vilinga, A. | 2017 | AfCAP is assisting the Mozambique National Roads Administration (ANE) to evaluate existing road experimental sections constructed previously in Mozambique under several programmes, including with AfCAP support. These trial sections were designed to demonstrate and verify different options in design, material utilisation and construction methods for rural roads (particularly low-volume rural roads- LVR). To achieve the objective of influencing future policy in the road sector, it is necessary to review the outcomes of all trial sections constructed in Mozambique and to start a process of establishing new trial sections. This report addresses site visits held in February 2017. | |
| Preparation of a Low Volume Roads Manual for Tanzania | Report on Launching of LVR Manual | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I. | 2017 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP) has supported the preparation of a Low Volume Roads Manual in Tanzania. The Manual has been developed through an extensive process of consultations, to which many road sector stakeholders have contributed their time, knowledge and effort. The Manual takes into account the needs of all road users, including non-motorised transport. It provides practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be considered in a holistic manner when undertaking the upgrading of unpaved roads to a paved standard. Improving the road safety conditions on low volume roads at optimum costs has been a key consideration. To mark the culmination of the project, an event was organised by the Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication to launch the Low Volume Roads Manual in February 2017. | |
| Finalisation of the Design Manual for Low Volume Roads for the Ethiopia Roads Authority (ERA) | Report on Manuals Launch Meeting held on 28th February 2017 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2017 | AFCAP has supported the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) in finalising the Low Volume Roads Design Manual. The manual was published in draft form in 2011. The assignment included rectifying typing errors and incorrect cross-references throughout Parts A, B, C, D, E and G of the LVR Design Manual, responding to technical comments provided by users of the manual, and incorporating new technical content reflecting developments in LVR technology since 2011. Several major changes were made including combining the previous Part B and Part D into a new Part B for the Design of Low Volume Roads, the introduction of a new Part D on the construction of LVRs, and the development of a new field maintenance handbook for use at the wereda level. The manual was renamed “Manual for Low Volume Roads” to reflect its wider application beyond road design. The purpose of this report is to record the proceedings of the Launch Meeting for the manual held at the Hilton Hotel in Addis Ababa on 28th February 2017. | |
| Protocols for Improving the Proficiency of Material Testing Laboratories in Mozambique | Inception Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Pearce, B. | 2017 | The validity of research on roads in Mozambique and the region depends on the reliability of laboratory test results. AfCAP is supporting the implementation of a pilot project for Proficiency Testing in selected laboratories. The overall objective is to establish laboratory testing in Mozambique that is “in line with international practices and standards and test results that can be used with confidence”. This inception report addresses the approach, initial visits, methodology and work plan for the project. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Final Report for Phase 1 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Rust, F.;Head, M.;Roux, A. le;Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | The aim of the Climate Adaptation project is to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This Final Report reflects on the achievements of Phase 1 of this project, which spanned a period of approximately 50 weeks. It addresses the project outcomes with respect to aspects such as: current and projected climate threats and their impact on low-volume road infrastructure; risk and vulnerability assessment methodologies; adaptation methodologies; and, engineering and non-engineering adaptation options. The report also summarises the preliminary work done to establish demonstration sections in three priority countries, namely Ethiopia, Ghana and Mozambique, and reflects on the outcomes of workshops held in these countries. The purposes of these workshops were to expose and to deliberate the products of Phase 1 as well as to identify the countries' priorities for Phase 2 of this project. The Recommendations for Phase 2 are also presented in this report. | |
| Baseline survey of past and current road sector research undertakings in Uganda and establishment of electronic document management system (EDMS) | Workshop 1 Report | Aurecon AMEI Ltd | Aurecon | 2017 | The purpose of this project is to carry out a baseline survey of past and current research that has been undertaken on the roads sector in Uganda, and to establish a databank that enables access to such research. The study commenced on 22 November 2016. This document presents the report on the Workshop 1 that was held on 9 February 2017 in Kampala. The report captures the presentations that were made at the Workshop, the feedback received and the results of the group discussions held. | |
| The Uptake of Existing LVRR Research Output in S E Asia to Deliver Affordable and Sustainable Rural Transport Infrastructure | Technical Paper | Intech Associates; ReCAP PMU | Petts, R.;Cook, J. | 2016 | Low Volume Rural Road (LVRR) surfacing and paving trials construction was carried out between 2001 and 2012 in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos under various initiatives; including EngKaR3 & SEACAP4. A range of materials and surface/paving types were trialled in various environmental and climatic conditions. There is a considerable amount of un-analysed cost and performance data for a range of low cost surfacing types that is unique and could benefit the design and construction of low volume rural roads in the region and elsewhere. Analysis of this data could lead to guidance and significant cost savings in the provision of affordable and sustainable access to rural and poor communities in whole-life-cost orientated asset management. This Paper describes the background research carried out under SEACAP and other initiatives, the current status of the surfacing research data. It presents the rationale for the compilation, analysis, dissemination and embedment of the surfacing and paving research knowledge in the region and elsewhere. | |
| International Transport and Road Research (iTRARR) 2016 Conference Report | Kenya Roads Board (KRB); Materials Testing & Research Division (MTRD), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Kenya | Kenya Roads Board (KRB);Materials Testing & Research Division (MTRD), Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Kenya | 2017 | Full conference report on the iTRARR 2016 conference held in March 2016, in Mombasa, Kenya | ||
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Workshops held in Mozambique, Ghana and Ethiopia | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M.;Makhanya, S.;Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | The aim of Phase 1 of the Climate Adaptation study is to provide methodologies and guidance on the assessment of climate threats and for the identification and prioritisation of adaptation options. These are contained in two reports, namely a Climate Threats Report and a Climate Adaptation Options Report. The guideline documents as well as the recommendations for the implementation of demonstration sections and the proposed recommendations for Phase 2 of the study were debated at workshops held in January and February 2017 in Ghana, Ethiopia and Mozambique. The outputs of these workshops will define the objectives and scope for Phase 2 with will be outlined in the Final Report for Phase 1. | |
| National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access | Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar | 2017 | This National Strategy for Rural Roads and Access was jointly prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI) and the Ministry of Border Affairs (MOBA) with technical support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It serves to guide investments in the rural road sector over the coming 15 years, ensuring that these investments contribute in an optimal manner to addressing the problems of limited access, providing as many rural people as possible with all-season access by 2030. | ||
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the Implementation of the 2030 GLobal Agenda on Sustainable Development | Inception Report | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2017 | With the completion of Phase I in February 2016, ReCAP assigned the second phase of the project, “Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda on Sustainable Development,” which began implementation in November 2016. The aim is to further promote sustainable rural access as a viable component of the implementation strategies for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to ensure its inclusion in the high-level, multi-lateral development discourse on sustainable transport and rural development. This inception report outlines the plans for Phase II. | |
| Rural Transport Diagnostics Study in Ghana | Inception Report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI); Swansea University, UK | Afukaar, F.;Peters, K. | 2017 | The overall objective of this study is to better understand the existing rural transport systems in Ghana based on an assessment of the needs and perspectives of different transport users, transport operators, transport regulators and other transport stakeholders in rural communities. Identifying constraining factors and good practice in Ghana's rural transport services, allows for evidence-based policy suggestions.This inception report provides the overall framework for the study. It highlights the project background, use of the rapid rural appraisal methodology and the criteria for the selection of the surveyed roads in the three ecological zones of Ghana. A detailed implementation plan is also provided to guide the stakeholders of the project. | |
| ReCAP eNewsletter January 2017 | Safe and Sustainable Transport for Rural Communities | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2017 | 5th edition of the ReCAP eNewsletter, January 2017: Contents: Building the tools and skills for improved rural road asset management in Africa, Expanding our gender mainstreaming toolbox: new methods in rural transport research, Ghana quickening the pace of rural infrastructure and transport research, UN Emphasizes Importance of Rural Transport as Key Driver to Fulfil 2030 Agenda Promise to “Leave No One Behind”, Short ReCAP News, Upcoming Calls and Events | |
| ReCAP Lettre d'Information Janvier 2017 | Transport sûr et durable pour less communautés rurales | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2017 | 5eme edition du ReCAP Lettre d'Information janvier 2017. Contenu: Développement d'outils et compétences pour une meilleure gestion du patrimoine d'infrastructure routière rurale en Afrique, Élargissement de notre boîte à outils : de nouvelles méthodes dans la recherche en matière de transport rural, Le Ghana accélère le rythme de la recherche sur l'infrastructure rurale et le transport, L'ONU insiste sur l'importance du transport rural comme moteur essentiel pour honorer la promesse de l'Agenda 2030 de ne laisser personne derrière , Nouvelles de ReCAP, Prochains événements et appels | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Recommendations for Phase 2 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B.;Roux, A. le;Head, M. | 2017 | The aim of Phase 1 of the Climate Adaptation study is to provide methodologies and guidance on the assessment of climate threats and for the identification and prioritisation of adaptation options. These are contained in two reports: a Climate Threats Report and a Climate Adaptation Options Report. A further aim of Phase 1 is to provide the basis for the implementation of demonstration sections in three countries: Ethiopia, Ghana and Mozambique. In this report, preliminary recommendations for the climate adaptation of three roads, one in each of the above countries, are presented. These roads are representative of the range of potential hazards that low volume access roads are likely to be exposed to in AfCAP partner countries. The roads were selected following site visits undertaken in these three countries. The report contains field notes on other roads inspected during these visits. The report also presents preliminary recommendations for Phase 2 of the study | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note 4 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2017 | This Briefing Note No 4 of January 2017 provides an update on the Africa regional project on Climate Adaptation. The progress includes the delivery of draft recommendations for phase II of the project. It covers the selection of three roads in 3 AfCAP partner countries for a demonstration programme of climate adaptation implementation. It provides the proposed objectives and scope for a second phase. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note 3 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2016 | This Briefing Note No 3 of October 2016 provides an update on the Africa regional project on Climate Adaptation. The progress includes the delivery of key outputs such as a Climate Threats Report and a Climate Adaptation Options Report. The latter addresses different strategies and methodologies to reduce impacts of specific types of climate effects. Work is on-going to help the governments of Ethiopia, Mozambique and Ghana to establish demonstration sites to test the research outputs of the project. | |
| Cost/Benefit Analysis of SEACAP Trials in Vietnam | Inception Report | Intech Associates | Petts, R.;Hine, J.;Hien;Tuan, P. | 2017 | The overall aim of this project is to undertake an independent economic analysis of the rural road surfacing and paving options investigated in the Rural Road Surfacing Trial (RRST) programme in Vietnam for comparison with a similar cost/benefit study undertaken at 2013/2014. A separate SEACAP initiative carried out a performance study of gravel roads (RRGAP) constructed under the GoV-WB rural transport RT1 and RT2 projects. This research produced recommendations on the limitations of Low (traffic) Volume Road (LVR) gravel surfacing in Vietnam, and is important reference documentation for the current Cost/Benefit investigations. This Inception report describes the activities of the initial phase of the study, which principally reviews the background and desk study of relevant literature, and sets out proposals for the Cost Benefit assessment approach of the SEACAP surfacing and paving research. | |
| Financing Rural Transport Services: Implications for the Asia-Pacific Region | Hine, J.;Huizenga, C.;Peet, K. | 2016 | This paper, published in the 86th UNESCAP Transport Bulletin, states that the provision of transport services for people and goods in rural areas is a major, but often neglected, issue in developing countries. All countries accept the need for state involvement in the provision of rural road infrastructure in developed countries, almost without exception, rural public transport services, are regulated and subsidized. In contrast, in developing and middle income countries government support for rural transport services varies widely from virtually nothing to a comprehensive programme. The paper explores these issues together with a range of initiatives that have been implemented and proposed by different Asian countries. The paper examines sources of funding and considers the need for collecting more information to improve decision making. | |||
| Provision of Rural Transport Services: User Needs, Practical Constraints and Policy Issues | ReCAP PMU | Starkey, P. | 2016 | This paper, published in the 86th UNESCAP Transport Bulletin, addresses the need of rural people for transport services to travel to markets and services at local towns. Different types of rural transport users want passenger services that are affordable, frequent, predictable, safe and carry freight. Many different vehicles can be used, each with advantages. Compliance with public transport regulations is poor on rural roads. Rural roads and transport services authorities are not integrated. Transport regulators are under-resourced and concentrate on urban and inter-urban services. Research should identify ‘best practices' for rural transport services. | ||
| The Dissemination and Embedment of Applied Rural Transport Research | ReCAP PMU | Cook, J.;Sampson, L.;Starkey, P.;Visser, C. | 2016 | This paper, published in the 86th UNESCAP Transport Bulletin, stipulates that advances in relevant applied research can play a significant role in improving the effectiveness and sustainability of such infrastructure. However, barriers to the implementation of new research outcomes remain a major challenge to the application of new knowledge in the rural transport sector. This paper reviews key points with respect to the sustainability of research projects, the uptake and embedment of their outputs and it outlines possible approaches to overcoming the challenges inherent in the application of research. | ||
| Overcoming the First Mile - Lessons from farmers in Kenya and Tanzania | APPG Presentation | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Hine, J.;Njenga, P.;Willilo, S. | 2016 | A panel discussion in the All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Agriculture and Food for Development of the UK Parliament was held on Monday 24 October 2016. The theme of the panel discussion was "From field to market: roads, transport and storage for smallholder farmers". The panel discussion was held in the framework of the APPG's inquiry into rural infrastructure for smallholder farmers and featured this presentation by John Hine et al on AFCAP funded work on the First Mile. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Presentation to ARMFA | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2016 | The presentation, held at the ARMFA General Assembly in November 2016, covers the AfCAP regional project on rural road asset management. It outlines the project's purpose, vision, objectives, approach and methodology. It also addresses the potential role ARMFA could play in the project. | |
| Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) | ReCAP PMU | Rich, G. | 2016 | This presentation, held at the ARMFA General Assembly in November 2016, provides an overview of the ReCAP programme in terms of programme strategic focus, research activities, allocation of funds and uptake and embedment. | ||
| Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme | Phase I Inception Report | Mott MacDonald; University of Cape Town | Jones, S.;Hughes, D.;Kelly, K.;Zuidgeest, M.;Vanderschuren, M.;Nnene, O. | 2016 | The Transport Sector Leadership Development Programme (TSLDP) is being created to develop the managerial capacity of young African transportation professionals so they will have the capacity to deliver Africa's transportation infrastructure. It will potentially form a 2-3 year programme over which time candidates' technical and managerial skills will be developed through a structured course and syllabus, likely incorporating a mix of taught modules and on-the-job training. At the outset it is planned that up to 20 candidates will be selected to participate on the initial pilot program. This inception report covers the various aspects of setting up the programme and the methodology. | |
| Can Humans Predict the Future? Consequences of Inaccurate Traffic Forecasting | Conference Paper | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Endale, A.;Otto, A.;Melaku, A. | 2016 | In designing roads, traffic volume, traffic loading and subgrade strength are major inputs whose values bear a strong influence on the design outcome. For this reason, it is important that their values are as accurate as possible. Inaccurate estimation of the above inputs leads to inequitable distribution of resources, reduced rate of network upgrading, early failures or overly conservative and expensive designs, and reduced benefits to the population. This study demonstrates the difficulty in predicting traffic growth, pavement design loading and the consequences of the estimated predictions. The findings demonstrate the implication of the approaches used in estimating traffic loading for pavement design on the final pavement structure and consequently the design cost. Therefore, equal importance should be placed on detailed traffic studies as is done on pavement materials, especially for low-volume sealed roads. | |
| The Benefits and Challenges of Increasing Motorcycle Use for Rural Access | Conference Paper | ReCAP PMU | Starkey, P. | 2016 | In many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, most vehicles on low-volume rural roads are now motorcycles. In many countries, motorcycle taxi services have developed and spread rapidly, often becoming an essential part of rural living. Motorcycle taxis operate in the informal private sector. Their spontaneous spread has had little regulatory control. They provide many benefits. Regulatory frameworks and enforcement are often weak. There is a need for research and greater understanding of appropriate ways to effectively regulate (and self-regulate) motorcycle operators for improved safety and ensuring the benefits of improved access are shared by all rural people. | |
| Institutional Capacity for Knowledge Management of Transport Research Centres in Africa and Asia | Workshop Report | Crul, R. | 2016 | A half-day workshop on ‘Institutional Capacity for Knowledge Management of Transport Research Centres in Africa and Asia' was held on 17 November 2016 jointly with a two-days knowledge exchange event on Road Asset Management. The objectives of the KM workshop were: 1) To raise awareness about knowledge management as a discipline in the core process of knowledge generation by the research centres; 2) To address issues related to the institutional capacity to manage knowledge effectively and efficiently, with a view of long-term sustainable research management; 3) To inform participants of the current on-going local KMN projects supported by ReCAP and have participants discuss and exchange experiences in implementing KM initiatives within their institutions. A combination of presentations, group work and plenary discussions was used during the KM workshop. | ||
| Technical assistance to the Kenya Materials Testing and Research Department for the monitoring of research sections | Mission report | Hongve, J. | 2016 | AFCAP has been asked by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTI) through Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) and Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KeRRA) to support research on utilization of non-standard materials for Low Volume Sealed Road (LVSR) pavements. The report outlines AfCAP's support to MTRD. | ||
| Long Term Pavement Performance Monitoring of Trial Sections in Mozambique Incorporating Capacity Building of Road Research Centre Personnel | Inception Report | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Paige-Green, P.;van Oostenrijk, A;Vilinga, A. | 2016 | AfCAP is assisting the Mozambique National Roads Administration (ANE) to evaluate existing road experimental sections constructed previously in Mozambique. These trial sections were designed to demonstrate and verify different options in design, material utilisation and construction methods for rural roads. The ultimate objective is to influencing future policy in the road sector. | |
| Investigation into the suitability of roller compacted concrete as pavement material in Ghana | Interim Laboratory Report | Aurecon AMEI Ltd | Aurecon | 2016 | This project will investigate the suitability of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) for low volume road construction in Ghana and especially for the construction of pavements on rugged sections and steep slopes. An interim laboratory report has been drawn up to highlight how materials for Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) will be sampled, tested and ultimately used to yield an RCC mix design for Ghana. The report also provides details on the approach used to select an appropriate location for the construction of the RCC experimental section. | |
| Identification of Hazardous Sites and the Recommendation of Remiedial Measures on Selected Rural Roads | 2nd Stakeholders' Workshop Report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Afukaar, F.;Agyemang, W.;Opoku Agyeman, K. | 2016 | The overall objective of this project is to develop an Accident Blackspot Management System (ABMS) for a coordinated approach to road safety on the rural road infrastructure under the control of the Department of Feeder Roads (DFR) in Ghana, through the reduction of road traffic crashes. This report covers the 2nd stakeholders' workshop. The main objective of the workshop was to discuss the draft report and confirm the proposed Accident Blackspot Management System (ABMS) for a coordinated road safety activities on the rural road networks by the DFR. Recommendations from the stakeholders have also been incorporated in this report. | |
| The Use of Appropriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis | Progress Report No 2 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Irving, A. | 2016 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping LICs to improve their knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This 2nd progress report shows the progress on deliverables during Phase 2, which is the research trials part of the project. Activities included: initiation of all partner countries: Uganda, Zambia, Ghana and Kenya, initial country visits, procurement of satellite imagery, customisation of methodology to country conditions and dissemination activities. | |
| Developing a Participatory Approach to Roadside Development of Rural Roads in Nepal: Draft Right of Way Utilisation Manual | Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development | Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads | 2016 | Cost benefit analyses (CBA) of the proposed plants indicate that by involving the poorest of the poor in planting the RoW land for productive use, their income can be considerably increased. The practical component of the pilot project is aimed at testing, i.e. implementing, the developed approach on sections along district roads in the Terai and in the hills. The here presented Draft RoW Utilisation Manual comprises the required legal, engineering, bio-engineering and economic aspects and respective activities to be undertaken. Based on the experiences gained in implementing these pilot activities, this manual will later be adapted and completed. The finalised manual shall then provide the guidelines to be followed for a wider replication of the approach. | ||
| Low Volume Roads Manual 2016 | Part E | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | 2016 | AfCAP has supported the Tanzania Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication in developing and updating its design manuals for low volume roads. This Low Volume Roads Manual (2016) forms part of the Ministry's series of Road and Bridge Design documents. It applies specifically to the design of new, or upgrading of existing unpaved roads which carry relatively low volumes of traffic, typically less than 300 vehicles a day. The Manual was developed under the policy direction of a Roads Technical Committee comprising senior representatives from MOWTC, President's Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), TANROADS and Road Fund Board (RFB). This file covers Part E. Construction. | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual 2016 | Part D, sections 13-16 | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | 2016 | AfCAP has supported the Tanzania Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication in developing and updating its design manuals for low volume roads. This Low Volume Roads Manual (2016) forms part of the Ministry's series of Road and Bridge Design documents. It applies specifically to the design of new, or upgrading of existing unpaved roads which carry relatively low volumes of traffic, typically less than 300 vehicles a day. The Manual was developed under the policy direction of a Roads Technical Committee comprising senior representatives from MOWTC, President's Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), TANROADS and Road Fund Board (RFB). This file covers Part D. Design, sections 13-16. | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual 2016 | Part D, sections 9-12 | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | 2016 | AfCAP has supported the Tanzania Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication in developing and updating its design manuals for low volume roads. This Low Volume Roads Manual (2016) forms part of the Ministry's series of Road and Bridge Design documents. It applies specifically to the design of new, or upgrading of existing unpaved roads which carry relatively low volumes of traffic, typically less than 300 vehicles a day. The Manual was developed under the policy direction of a Roads Technical Committee comprising senior representatives from MOWTC, President's Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), TANROADS and Road Fund Board (RFB). This file covers Part D. Design, sections 9-12. | |
| Low Volume Roads Manual 2016 | Parts A, B and C | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | Ministry of Works, Transport & Communication | 2016 | AfCAP has supported the Tanzania Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication in developing and updating its design manuals for low volume roads. This Low Volume Roads Manual (2016) forms part of the Ministry's series of Road and Bridge Design documents. It applies specifically to the design of new, or upgrading of existing unpaved roads which carry relatively low volumes of traffic, typically less than 300 vehicles a day. The Manual was developed under the policy direction of a Roads Technical Committee comprising senior representatives from MOWTC, President's Office-Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG), TANROADS and Road Fund Board (RFB). This file covers Parts A. Introduction, B. Planning and C. Investigations of the Manual. | |
| Impacts and implications of gender mainstreaming in rural transport in Tanzania | Inception Report | HelpAge International | Tewodros, A.;Mulongo, G. | 2016 | In 2003, Tanzania adopted a National Transport Policy to mainstream gender in rural transport. However, little is known if the policy has been effectively applied and has resulted in transformative changes to the lives of women facing multiple forms of discrimination and exclusion. This research project by HelpAge International will investigate whether women facing intersecting inequalities benefit from the gender mainstreaming, identifying the constraints and factors facilitating transformative changes in programmes such as Village Travel and Transport Programme (VTTP) and Local Government Transport Programme (LGTP) and the levels of disparities women with intersecting inequalities have in access, use and benefit from the mobile technology that is bridging the rural transport and communication gap. This report concerns the Inception Phase of the project and covers the approach and methodology to be applied over the course of the research. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Mobilisation Report for Implementation | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2016 | AfCAP is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management for rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. The Implementation Phase of the project commenced at the start of July 2016. The countries that are participating in the project are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This report covers progress over July-October 2016 and includes a work plan for the full implementation phase. | |
| Assessment of the SEACAP-WB LVRR Pavement Trials as Knowledge Resources for AsCAP/ReCAP Uptake | Scoping Study Report | Intech Associates; Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI), Vietnam | Petts, R.;Cook, J. | 2016 | The objective of this assignment is an assessment of the current status and content of the Vietnam Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) database in particular and other regional surfacing trials knowledge, to assess the value in utilising it as a data resource for increased dissemination and uptake in AsCAP and possible AfCAP countries. This Scoping Report describes the background research carried out under SEACAP and other initiatives, the current status of the surfacing research data. It presents the rationale for the compilation, analysis and dissemination of the surfacing and paving research knowledge in the region and elsewhere. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport Projects in Nepal: Transformative Changes at Household and Community Levels | Inception Report | Wise Nepal | Hada, J. | 2016 | This project aims at how gender mainstreaming activities in the rural transport projects implemented by the Government of Nepal have transformed the lives of rural women and disadvantaged groups. The research will be carried out in Ramechhap and Okhaldhunga districts. This report covers the activities during the Inception Phase, including mobilisation of the research team, elaborating the methodology and liaising with key stakeholders. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Desk Study report | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Buckland, T.;Otto, A.;Mayanja, M. | 2016 | This report covers the activities undertaken in the first period of the project on the Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) through Back Analysis from April to September 2016. This desk study report includes a review of previously constructed LVSRs going back four decades. The activities included collection of data sources and information, assessment and preliminary analysis of the data sources, identification of a pool of key LVSR experts, and a workshop comprising in-depth discussion of the potential problems and solutions related to the identification and provision of data sources for analysis. The report provides details of the project, the desk study activities which have been undertaken, and next steps related to the design and development of the database. | |
| Gender Mainstreaming in the Rural Transport Sector in Kenya | Inception Report | Tacitus Ltd | Orwa, S.;Ombai, M.;Nyangueso, S.;Sheba, S. | 2016 | The aim of the research project in Kenya is to answer the key question: What is the evidence of gender mainstreaming transforming efforts the institutions that deliver and support rural transport infrastructure and services? The Inception Report provides the context and rationale for gender mainstreaming research in Kenya. The report describes activities undertaken during the Inception Phase, including literature review, and elaborates on the methodology and next steps towards the project's fieldwork phase. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Climate Adaptation Options Report | Paige-Green Consulting; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting | Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B.;Head, M. | 2016 | The Climate Adaptation project aims to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. In this report, adaptation techniques (engineering and non-engineering) for handling the expected changes in temperature and precipitation, windiness, seal-level rise and more frequent extreme events are identified and discussed. The crucial importance of effective drainage and timely and appropriate maintenance is highlighted. | |
| Technical Assistance to Tanzania Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (Interim Phase) | Knowledge Management Study | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Heerden, M. van;Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | AfCAP2 is providing technical assistance to the Directorate of Infrastructure Development in the Prime Minister's Office: Regional Administration and Local Government of Tanzania, to achieve its objective of setting up a Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Dodoma. This study was undertaken to determine the organisational expectations for the proposed Information Centre and to consider the services, associated resources and infrastructure required to meet these expectations. In addition knowledge management principles were applied in support of strategic initiatives to establish mechanisms for creating greater visibility of LoGITReC and for disseminating and demonstrating its achievements. The study is concluded with a high level implementation schedule for these activities. | |
| Technical Assistance to Tanzania Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (Interim Phase) | Progress Report: October to December 2015 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | AfCAP2 is providing technical assistance to the Directorate of Infrastructure Development in the Prime Minister's Office: Regional Administration and Local Government of Tanzania, to achieve its objective of setting up a Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Dodoma. The objectives of this 12-month Technical Assistance programme to LoGITReC are as follows: 1) to make further progress with priority activities for the establishment and operationalisation of LoGITReC; and 2) to achieve the key performance indicator targets set out in the LoGITReC Strategic Plan for the first year of operation. This report outlines the progress that has been achieved between October and December 2015. | |
| Technical Assistance to Mozambique Road Research Centre (Interim Phase) | Knowledge Management Study | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Heerden, M. van;Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | The Mozambican Roads Administration (Administração Nacional de Estradas, ANE) is in the process of setting up a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Maputo with the objective to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity in Mozambique to undertake relevant, high quality research relating to its road sector. This study considers the services, associated resources and infrastructure of the future Information Centre that the RRC is to establish. Study results are presented according to a knowledge management framework focused on three highly interdependent initiatives, i.e. the enhancement of research capability, optimisation of knowledge dissemination to stakeholders, and enablement of the core services associated with research and development. The study is concluded with a high level implementation schedule for these activities. | |
| Technical Assistance to Mozambique Road Research Centre (Interim Phase) | Progress Report: October to December 2015 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | AFCAP2 is providing technical assistance to Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) of Mozambique, to achieve its objective of setting up a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Maputo. In preparation of the launching of a “Longer-Term Technical Assistance Programme”, an interim-phase Technical Assistance programme has been initiated. The objectives of this 12-month Technical Assistance programme are: 1) to make further progress with priority activities for the establishment and operationalisation of the RRC; and 2) to achieve the key performance indicator targets set out in the RRC Strategic Plan for the first year of operation. This report outlines the progress that has been achieved between October and December 2015. | |
| The Use of Approvpriate High-Tech Solutions for Road Network and Condition Analysis | Progress Report No. 1 | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Irving, A. | 2016 | The project investigates potential uses of appropriate and cost-effective high-tech solutions in helping LICs to improve their knowledge of the location and condition of their rural road networks. This progress report confirms the production on previous deliverables and assesses the progress during phase 2, which is the research trials part of the project. | |
| Implementation of Technical Auditing and Training of New Batch of Local Practitioners in the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method | Training Report | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2016 | The AfCAP project MAL2007 was formulated to support the uptake and embedment of the DCP-DN Design Method in Malawi. The two phases of the project were carried out over 2015 and 2016 and included training of local RA staff and consultants, design reviews and technical audits. This report covers the training of a new batch of local consultants as well as staff from the Roads Authority in July 2016. The training objectives of bringing all participants to an intermediate or higher level in the use of the AFCAP LVR DCP software and imparting LVR design philosophy and EOD design principles for cost-effective provision of LVSR have been achieved. | ||
| Investigation to the Use of Cinder Gravels in Pavement Layers for Low Volume Roads | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Hearn, G.;Greening, P.;Otto, A. | 2016 | This inception Report summarises the finding of an Inception Visit to Ethiopia in February 2016 as part of the cinder gravel research project. Discussions were held with the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) during this visit and it was agreed that the responsibilities will be shared in accordance with the TOR. ERA will provide 2 researchers, facilities for workshops, local transport and laboratory testing facilities, with TRL paying the costs of travel, accommodation for the international team and local counterparts when outside of Addis Ababa. Meetings were also held with the Geological Survey of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa University and the Addis Ababa – Adama expressway contractor. Visits were made to existing cinder gravel borrow sites to examine the geological and engineering composition of materials. Agreements have been made with ERA over the requirements of the sampling and testing programme and a revised project programme has been devised accordingly. | |
| Review and updating of the Low Volume Road Pavement Design Guidelines for Kenya | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Otto, A.;Workman, R.;Abuya, E. | 2016 | This project concerns the development of a cost effective road design guideline for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) for Kenya. The objectives of this project are to update current LVSR guideline, involve MTRD in its development in order to build national capacity and to scope out a sensitisation and training programme for Government, Counties and other Guideline users. Relevant documents and reports have been reviewed and a local counterparts have been selected for capacity building purposes. Main issues have been identified and a programme with milestones has been proposed, as detailed in this report. | |
| Agricultural Sector Wide Approach Support Project (ASWAP-SP) | Mid-term Technical Audit Report | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2016 | This AfCAP project was formulated to support the Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) and the Contractors carrying out five projects concerning the upgrade of low volume roads in Malawi, as well as to the Roads Authority (RA) and the Road Fund Administration (RFA) for the oversight and administration of the projects. Phase 1 including training of the DSC and RA staff, a review of the design and contract documents and Technical Audit exercise. The audit exercise has identified a number of shortcomings pertaining to the contract documentation, execution and supervision which are detailed in this report. Recommendations have been made to the Roads Authority for procedural action to be taken to correct the most significant shortcomings so as to avoid jeopardising the project. | ||
| Investigation to the Use of Cinder Gravels in Pavement Layers for Low Volume Roads | Progress Report No 2 | TRL Ltd. | Hearn, G.;Greening, P.;Otto, A. | 2016 | This Progress Report summarises progress made on the Project during May - August 2016. The laboratory testing procedure was revised during this period to reflected the nature in which cinder occurs in the field. Field visits, inspection and sampling were carried out in the area surrounding Bahir Dar, Injibara and Kessa. A priority testing list was also prepared during this period. Laboratory testing commenced during this period and a total of 5 out of 16 priority locations have now been tested. Additional samples were collected from the Butajira area to make up for shortfalls during initial sampling. During initial sampling, it was not possible to transport in one go the large bulk of samples required for laboratory testing. Samples from the southern area (Hawassa, Assela-Dodola, and Shashemene) were transported to RRC Kality since they are the next to be tested. A request for quotation for stereo aerial photographs from the Ethiopia Mapping Agency has been made, samples of the photographs have been obtained and they will be studied by the Team Leader in his next visit. Due to government regulations, the sample photographs cannot be taken out of Ethiopia. | |
| Investigation of the Use of Cinder Gravels in Pavement Layers for Low Volume Roads | Progress Report No 1 | TRL Ltd. | Hearn, G.;Greening, P.;Otto, A. | 2016 | This Progress Report summarises progress made on the Cinder Gravels project during March-May 2016. The Inception Report was finalised during this period and a programme of fieldwork carried out at various locations along the margins of the Rift Valley south and east of Addis Ababa. This fieldwork involved trial pit investigations and sampling of scoriaceous and non-scoriaceous gravels used in pavement construction at two sites on the Addis Ababa to Butajira Road and a programme of sampling at borrow areas on the margins of the Rift Valley south, south-west and east of Addis Ababa. A total of 22 borrow pits were inspected and sampled. Samples were taken from a total of 37 sites within the borrow areas and transported back to the ERA Kality laboratory for testing. As of the end of May testing had commenced on samples taken from the Addis Ababa-Butajira road and one of the borrow pits. | |
| Finalisation of the Design Manual for Low Volume Roads for the Ethiopia Roads Authority (ERA) | Report on Peer Group Meeting 22nd June 2016 | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2016 | AfCAP is supporting the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) in finalising the Low Volume Roads Design Manual, which was published in draft form in 2011. The assignment includes rectifying typing errors and incorrect cross-references throughout Parts A, B, C, D, E and G of the LVR Design Manual, responding to technical comments provided by users of the manual, and incorporating new technical content reflecting developments in LVR technology since 2011. The assignment includes the development of a new field maintenance handbook for use at the wereda level. The purpose of this report is to summarise key points and actions arising from the Peer Review Group meeting held in Addis Ababa on 23rd June 2016 to discuss the first draft of the new Part D (Construction). The report also summarises the initial discussions with experts nominated by ERA to form the Executive Review Group. | |
| Finalisation of the Design Manual for Low Volume Roads for the Ethiopia Roads Authority (ERA) | Report on Peer Group Meeting | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2016 | AfCAP is supporting the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) in finalising the Low Volume Roads Design Manual, which was published in draft form in 2011. The assignment includes rectifying typing errors and incorrect cross-references throughout Parts A, B, C, D, E and G of the LVR Design Manual, responding to technical comments provided by users of the manual, and incorporating new technical content reflecting developments in LVR technology since 2011. The assignment includes the development of a new field maintenance handbook for use at the wereda level. The purpose of this report is to summarise key points and actions arising for the Peer Review Group meeting held in Addis Ababa from 24th to 26th February 2016 to discuss the first draft of the updated documents. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Leaflet | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa; University of Birmingham | Civil Design Solutions, Africa;University of Birmingham, UK | 2016 | This leaflet explains the background, objectives and activities of the AfCAP regional project on Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note 2 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); St Helens Consulting; Paige-Green Consulting | Head, M.;Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | This is the second briefing note (October 2016) from the AFCAP regional project on Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa. It provides the progress to date of the project, observations from the climate threats study, quantification and prioritisation of risks, contextualisation of climate change on rural road access. | |
| Transforming gender relations in the trial bridge programme in Nepal: an anlaysis of policies and practices | Inception Report | Helvetas | Helvetas | 2016 | This research represents a investigation into the role trial bridges play in changing the roles of women and men, and actually transforming gender relations, in Nepal. It considers the policies governing trail bridges, their implementation on the ground, and the impact of trail bridge construction on the lives of women. This is compared against the State's obligation and commitment to promote gender equality and uphold women's rights, mainstreaming this across all State provisions. The research combines a policy review with field investigations, focus group discussions and in-depth case studies. The findings are intended as a contribution to government policy discussions, providing insights into how, through trail bridge interventions, women's rights can be upheld and gender relations influenced in a transformative manner within a sector-wide approach. This inception report details the desk research and consultations undertaken during the inception phase and details the methodology to be used for the research. | |
| Finalisation of the Design Manual for Low Volume Roads for the Ethiopia Roads Authority (ERA) | Aide Memoire (Final) | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2015 | AFCAP is supporting the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) in finalising the Low Volume Roads Design Manual, which was published in draft form in 2011. The assignment includes rectifying typing errors and incorrect cross-references throughout Parts A, B, C, D, E and G of the LVR Design Manual, responding to technical comments provided by users of the manual, and incorporating new technical content reflecting developments in LVR technology since 2011. The assignment includes the development of a new field maintenance handbook for use at the wereda level. This Aide Memoire summarises agreements made during the visit to Addis Ababa by the Team Leader, Lead Authors and the ReCAP/AFCAP Infrastructure Research Manager from 17th to 19th November 2015. | |
| Relever les défis auxquels les petits exploitants agricoles ont à faire face en matière de transport sur le premier mille | ReCAP Blogue | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Muhia, G. | 2016 | Ce blogue, préparé par Mme Grace Muhia, s'agit des problèmes particuliers rencontrés par les petits exploitants sur le premier mille lors du transport de leurs marchandises depuis la ferme vers le premier point de collecte pour une distribution ultérieure aux marchés. Le transport sur le premier mille représente un coût démesurément élevé pour les petits exploitants agricoles. Le blog donne des détails spécifiques en matière de coûts et propose un certain nombre de solutions ainsi que des idées d'études qui pourraient permettre de relever les défis. | |
| Addressing First Mile Transport Challenges for Smallholder Farmers | ReCAP Blogpost | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Muhia, G. | 2016 | This blogpost by Mrs Grace Muhia addresses the particular challenges experienced by smallholder farmers in the First Mile transport of their produce from the farm to the first point of collection for further distribution to markets. The First Mile transport often comes at disproportionate costs to smallholder farmers. The blog elaborates on these specific costs and suggests a number of solutions and follow-up research ideas to overcome these challenges. | |
| ReCAP Lettre d'Information Octobre 2016 | Transports surs et durables pour les communautés rurales | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | 4eme edition de la Lettre d'Information de ReCAP octobre 2016. Contenu: Renforcement des capacités de gestion durable des connaissances dans les pays partenaires, Recherche sur les routes rurales adaptées aux besoins du Bangladesh, Utiliser des solutions de haute technologie appropriées pour analyser le réseau et l'état des routes, ReCAP plaide en faveur des routes rurales plus adaptées et durables lors du Forum des transports 2016 de la BAD | |
| ReCAP eNewsletter October 2016 | Safe and Sustainable Transport for Rural Communities | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | 4th edition of the ReCAP eNewsletter October 2016. Contents: Building capacity for sustainable knowledge management, Rural road research tailored to the needs of Bangladesh, Use of appropriate high-tech solutions for road network and condition analysis, ReCAP advocating for more suitable and sustainable rural roads at ADB Transport Forum 2016. | |
| Measuring Rural Access: Using New Technologies | World Bank | World Bank Group | 2016 | The World Bank has partnered with the Department for International Development (DFID) of the United Kingdom and the Research for Community Access Partnership to develop a new methodology to measure rural access, which is sustainable, consistent, simple, and operationally relevant. Conceptually, the proposed new methodology is still focused on access to an all-weather road. Technically, it measures the share of the population that lives within 2 km of the nearest road in “good condition” in rural areas. The condition of roads is assessed in transport engineering terms. The report describes the new method and provides the results of application of the method to eight pilot counties: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia in Africa, and Bangladesh and Nepal in South Asia. | ||
| Scaling up Gender Mainstreaming in Rural Transport: Policies, Practices, Impacts and Monitoring Processes | Inception Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Tanzarn, N.;Njenga, P. | 2016 | The opportunities to access, use and benefit from rural transport systems differ between men and women. Gender mainstreaming in rural transport remains an incomplete area of knowledge, policy and practice. This Inception Report signals the start of an eight-month networked, comparative case studies of past and ongoing rural transport programmes in Ghana and Uganda (the primary case study countries) supplemented by desk case studies from Kenya and Tanzania. The main objective of the case studies is to tease out lessons, identify successes and challenges and propose renewed ways of sustaining and upscaling gender inclusion in rural transport programmes through use of suitable indicators, capacity building, knowledge sharing and networking. | |
| Research to Practice: Engaging Local Communities in the Future of Transportation | Webinar hosted by Devex and ReCAP | Devex | Viray, E.;Jolly, C.;Bay Nishi, J. | 2016 | Devex under the UKAID-DFID funded ReCAP initiative hosted a webinar on the topic of active action research methodology for application in rural roads and transport services research. This webinar conveyed the fundamental principles, benefits and effects of Active Action Research; examples of community-driven research application in rural road and transport services research and projects in Africa; and the implications of results from Active Action Research on livelihoods. This report contains the webinar context, full programme and metrics & recommendations. | |
| Research to Practice: Engaging Local Communities in the Future of Transportation | Webinar slides | Devex | Devex | 2016 | A joint ReCAP/Devex webinar took place on Monday 12 September 2016 and addressed the topic of engaging local communities in rural transport research, of which this document contains the webinar slidedeck. The webinar particularly looked into the active action research methodology. The speaker panel included Tony Greening, independent expert and ReCAP Technical Panel Coordinator, Gina Porter of Durham University and Caroline Barber of Transaid. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Workshop Report (Final) | Roughton International; Civil Design Solutions, Africa | Geddes, R. | 2016 | AfCAP is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management for rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. The project is currently in the Formulation Phase and a draft Design Report has been submitted. The key recommendations within this report were discussed at a stakeholder workshop on 15th March 2016 during the International Transport and Road Research (iTRARR) conference in Mombasa, Kenya. This report provides the outcomes of the workshop. | |
| Development of a Business Plan for the African Roads and Transport Research Forum (ARTReF) | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Rust, F. C.;Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | The African Roads and Transport Research Forum (ARTReF) was created to stimulate collaboration in research across the African continent to exploit synergy in individual research programmes, to facilitate sharing and learning between research organisations and therefore to improve the outputs of the programmes and also the uptake of the results of the programmes. The aim of this project is to develop a business plan for ARTReF that would ensure that it meets its mandate and remains sustainable in the long term. | |
| Mainstreaming Gender in Rural Transport | Project Cluster Summary | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | ‘Gender equality, equity and social inclusion' is an important cross-cutting research theme for ReCAP. Seven research concepts on gender mainstreaming have been elaborated into full proposals that have been contracted. Together, these cover all four research themes and involve research on gender mainstreaming in eight countries in Asia, West Africa and Eastern Africa. The aim is to have a ‘cluster' of projects that would work independently but their joint technical conversations and liaison would stimulate synergies to increase the research excellence, and the impact on gender mainstreaming policies and practices. This summary provides an overview of the seven projects underway as at October 2016. | |
| Project Scoping Study for Sierra Leone and Liberia | Scoping Study Report | Hearn Geoserve Ltd. | Hearn, G. J. | 2016 | This Scoping Report describes the outcome of desk study research and in-country discussions and fact finding in the Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRR), Transport Services (TS) and Road Traffic Safety (RTS) sectors of Sierra Leone and Liberia. In both countries a review is undertaken of recent and current developments in these sectors in order to form the basis of a gap analysis. From this gap analysis a long list of potential ReCAP research projects is developed for each country. These projects are prioritised and a preliminary assessment made of the required duration, staffing and resources needed to implement them. Given the geographical proximity of both countries and the fact that both are recovering from civil war and the Ebola crisis, it is not surprising that the proposed projects for each are very similar. | |
| Developing a participatory approach for roadside protection of rural roads in Nepal | Final Report | Helvetas | Helvetas | 2016 | With the aim to develop a participatory approach for roadside protection on rural roads in Nepal, this project aimed to develop an innovative approach: to foster ownership by way of a Memorandum of Understanding and agreements between district authorities and local user groups. The utilisation of RoW land along the roads of the District Road Core Network for poverty alleviation is a new concept. A clear legal provision for this purpose has not been enacted in Nepal so far. However, various policy and legal provisions have been endorsed in regard to plantation and to maintaining greenery in the RoW through local authorities. From this basis, appropriate legal instruments for the use of the RoW are developed. Following investigations on legal, engineering and socio-economic conditions, suitable plants are chosen. Cost benefit analyses of the selected plants show that by involving the poorest of the poor in planting the RoW land for productive use their income can be considerably increased. The report includes proposals for detailed activities for the implement of this pilot project. Suggestions are given for a wider replication of the approach. A RoW Utilisation Manual is drafted, comprising the required legal, engineering, bio-engineering and economic aspects. | |
| Climate Resilient Concrete Structures in Marine Environment in Bangladesh | Inception Report | Mott MacDonald | Mott MacDonald | 2016 | Bangladesh has a vast coastal infrastructure seriously affected by climate change and associated extreme environmental conditions. Reinforced concrete structures in the coastal regions can deteriorate rapidly (within 5-10 years of construction) due to a number of factors including an aggressive marine environment. LGED maintains around 380,000 linear metres of concrete bridges/culverts in the rural coastal areas and are planning to build more than 200,000 linear metres during the next ten years. This project examines the major factors that contribute to premature deterioration of concrete structures, develop cost effective concrete mix design to enhance the durability of future structures and make recommendations on improvements in construction practice and workmanship considered necessary to improve service life. The inception report includes literature reviews, methodologies and the set up of the test phase of the project. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Inception Report for Implementation Phase | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2016 | The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management for rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. This report covers the activities carried out in the first month of the project implementation and also sets out the planned activities for the next phase of the project implementation. Activities that have been carried out include a Project launch meeting in Pretoria on 6th and 7th July, initial visit to the project areas by the Team Leader and Maintenance Expert in July 2016, confirmation of project areas, finalisation of data collection instruments, preparation of a project information leaflet. The countries participating in the project are Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone and the Western Cape Province of South Africa. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Climate Threats Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Paige-Green Consulting; St Helens Consulting | Roux, A. le;Paige-Green, P.;Verhaeghe, B.;Engelbrecht, F.;Khuluse-Makhanya, S.;McKelly, D.;Dedekind, Z.;Muthige, M.;Merwe, J. van der;Maditse, K. | 2016 | The Climate Adaptation project aims to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. This report presents a review of the current and future climate threats and their likely impacts to rural road networks. It provides a baseline from which current and future stresses on rural accessibility can be assessed, from a rural community and road infrastructure perspective. A methodology for conducting rural access road risk and vulnerability assessments has been proposed. Mozambique was used as a case study to test this methodology by mapping regions within the country that could potentially be vulnerable to climate variability and change from a rural accessibility perspective. | |
| Identification of hazardous sites and the recommendation of remedial measures on selected rural roads | 1st Stakeholders' Workshop Report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Afukaar, F. K. | 2016 | The overall objective of this project is to develop an Accident Blackspot Management System (ABMS) for a coordinated approach to road safety on the rural road infrastructure under the control of the Department of Feeder Roads (DFR), through the reduction of road traffic crashes. The main objective for the workshop was to discuss the project methodology contained in the approved Inception Report and to agree on the way forward for the successful implementation of the project. The workshop was attended by 31 participants, representing the various stakeholders. Discussions at the workshop centred on why the class of the feeder roads for the project was limited to the connectors and inter-district roads only; traffic crash location referencing; weighting scores agreed for ranking crash severity; data collection process by the police; the evaluation of remedial measures for the identified blackspots and un-coded feeder roads. Recommendations from the stakeholders have been incorporated in this report. | |
| Knowledge Generation in the Rural Transport Sector in Nepal | Workshop Proceedings | Alliance for Social Mobilization Ptv. Ltd. | Gupta, S. K.;Basnyet, D. | 2016 | The one-day workshop was held to share ongoing and planned initiatives in rural road research in Nepal. There were four major presentations on research findings on Participatory Roadside Projection; Project scenario at present; Knowledge Management and Capacity Building; and Future plan. The workshop also collectively identified some research projects for the future. Propositions were: (1) Capacity Development of DoLIDAR and major stakeholders for research and uptakes, (2) Coordination among major stakeholders for research works, (3) Environment Protection, (4) Upgrading and maintenance of existing roads from technical and financial perspectives, (5) ReCAP Strategies for Nepal, (6) Research on bio--engineering elements, (7) Research on Resettlement policy, norms and patters, (8) Restriction on the construction of non--engineered Roads, (9) Road Safety, (10) Establishment of an well--functioning Research Center in Nepal. | |
| ReCAP Benefit Assessment System (ReCAP-BAS) | Scoping Document | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Rust, F. C.;Strydom, J.;Hine, J. | 2016 | This scoping study for a ReCAP Benefit Assessment system is based on a literature review as well as the experience of the authors in impact assessment and benefit assessment of R&D programmes. The report indicates that the current ReCAP logframe and indicators can be augmented to assess “softer” outcomes from the programme in a Balanced Score Card approach. The ReCAP programme places more emphasis on the uptake of research results that its predecessor. Therefore particular emphasis was placed on indicators that describe such uptake. The overall benefit of the programme over time will be determined through trend analysis of the indicators. | |
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the Post 2015 Sustainable Development Agenda | Third Progress Report | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2016 | The objective of the project is to contribute towards a better integration of rural transport in the post-2015 development framework and to promote a prominent place for rural transport in the implementation of the post 2015 development framework. This third and final progress report provides an overview of advocacy activities implemented by SLoCaT in the framework of this project. The activities included regular communications on Rural Access through various media, the initial meeting of stakeholders to a global dialogue on Rural Access, a survey and interviews on suitable indicators for rural transport in the framework of the SDGs and an analysis of the importance of rural transport in the policies and portfolio's of the multilateral development banks (MDBs). | |
| Identification of hazardous sites and the recommendation of remedial measures on selected rural roads | Inception report | Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) | Afukaar, F. K. | 2016 | Safer roads are critical for the socio-economic development of countries, and Ghana is no exception. The National Road Safety Commission (NRSC), has intimated that, on average, 2,000 people die each year through road traffic crashes in Ghana. The overall objective of this project is to develop an Accident Blackspot Management System (ABMS) for a coordinated approach to road safety on the rural road infrastructure under the control of the Department of Feeder Roads (DFR), through the reduction of road traffic crashes. This inception report provides the overall framework for the study. It includes the background, strategy and methodology of the study with comments on the ToR, a critical review of available literature and a detailed implementation plan for the successful execution of the project. | |
| Designing low-volume roads using the dynamic cone penetrometer | Rolt, J.;Pinard, M. I. | 2016 | The paper describes an environmentally optimised approach to the design of low-volume roads (LVRs) in which the in situ strengths of the subgrade and pavement layers at the anticipated in-service moisture condition are used for design rather than soaked values. It describes how the assumptions and simplifications inherent in the more traditional California bearing ratio (CBR)-based methods of design tend to produce less-than-optimum solutions compared with the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) method. DCP measurements are much more reliable than CBR measurements and are also quick to perform; hence, a relatively large number of measurements of subgrade strengths (for new roads) and pavement layer strengths and thicknesses (for upgrading projects) can be obtained, thereby reducing risks of inadequate data for design purposes. Research has shown how material specifications for LVRs can be relaxed and the paper shows how this aspect is integrated into DCP design methods. The paper reviews the alternative methods of DCP design, summarises the advantages of these methods and recommends some improvements. | |||
| Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads in Bangladesh | Inception Report | Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) | Department for Urban and Regional Planning | 2016 | Bangladesh has 342,764 km roads of different categories according to LGED Database, 2016. The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) manages all rural roads (Upazila, Union and Village roads) which form more than 93% of total roads or about 321,462 km of roads. In the course of time, many of these roads are being used more intensively by heavier vehicles than estimated during their design and construction. Substantial growth in traffic volume and change in their composition have led to rapid deterioration of the road infrastructure. Although LGED spends a considerable amount of resources for the improvement of rural roads, the selection of roads from a large number of candidate roads is not undertaken through a rational selection process. For the effective utilization of available resources, this project aims to develop a prioritisation methodology for the development, upgradation and maintenance of the rural roads. To implement the methodology, a software would be developed which would provide a prioritised list of rural roads based on analysis of updated socio-economic and environmental data. This will eventually help LGED to make objective decision with effective budget allocation through an automated system. The project includes developing a software manual and a training program for the LGED officials to help them understand and use the software. | |
| Rural Transport Indicators to Support Sustainable Development Goals | Analysis of Survey and Interviews | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2016 | This report describes research on proposed indicators on rural transport to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a general survey and series of targeted interviews with rural transport experts. Survey results showed a general consensus on strategies for developing specific indicators on rural access in support of the SDGs. A series of follow-up interviews with key experts on rural transport incorporate the perspectives of bi-and multi-lateral aid agencies as well as rural transport implementing agencies, thus placing the survey results in a broader light. | |
| MDB Policies and Selected Projects in Support of Rural Transport and Access | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2016 | This report addresses research on the rural transport portfolios of six Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) with investments in Asia and Africa. SLoCaT has examined policy documents of the MDBs as related to transport (as well as rural development, agriculture, education, and health) to see if and how transport is considered an enabler in each sectoral strategy. | ||
| Rural Access to Markets and Essential Services | Fact Sheet | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2016 | This fact sheet, prepared by SLoCaT, addresses isolation as a driver of rural poverty, the benefits of improved rural access, strategies to reduce rural isolation and provides suggestions for further reading on the issue. | |
| A Paradigm Shift in Geometric Design of Low Volume Rural Roads | Hongve, J.;Pinard, M. I. | 2016 | The presentation was prepared for the AfCAP workshop on Geometric Design and Road User Safety, held at the iTRARR Conference, 14-16 March 2016, Mombasa, Kenya. The presentation addresses the case for a set of basic, affordable LVR geometric standards based on actual road use coupled with road safety measures to achieve satisfactory safety level. | |||
| Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) | Inception Report | Cardno Emerging Markets UK | Cardno Emerging Markets UK | 2015 | This ReCAP Inception report describes the project's governance/management arrangements and the current status of implementation activities before describing the proposed draft strategies and procedures for the project. Finally, it gives a preliminary work programme and budget for the project period. | |
| ERA/RRC Priority Projects for AFCAP Funding | Final Report | Sampson Consulting | Sampson, L. | 2015 | This report outlines the project priorities agreed with ERA through the Directorate for Research and Development as a result of the stakeholder meeting of 24 March 2015. Details of the ten (10) priority projects listed in Table 2 are provided along with Terms of Reference or Project Proposals in the Appendices to assist the AFCAP PMU in the procurement of services to undertake the identified projects whether new or ongoing. | |
| Research on New Asset Management Approaches for Maintaining and Improving Local Road Access | Mobilisation Report | Roughton International; Civil Design Solutions, Africa | Geddes, R. | 2015 | The Africa Community Access Partnership (AFCAP) is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management of rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. The Mobilisation Report summarises the outcome of meetings held with the Client and within the technical assistance team, and a revised approach and methodology proposed by the Consultant. It summarises actions to be carried out in the Inception and Formulation Phases of the project. | |
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Final Formulation Phase Report | Roughton International; Civil Design Solutions, Africa | Geddes, R.;Pinard, M. I.;Gongera, K.;Burrow, M.;Lema, C.;Bopoto, C. | 2016 | The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management for rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. The Final Design Report marks the culmination of the Formulation Phase of the project. During the Formulation Phase the geographical research areas and research project partners have been identified, and the detailed methodology for the project has been finalised. The methodology includes a system for monitoring and evaluation of the project. The report explores options for partner country involvement. | |
| Sustainable Rural Transport and African Road Transportation Research | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Endale, A. | 2016 | This presentation was prepared for a Rural Transport session at the World Conference on Transport Research held on 10-15 July 2016 in Shanghai, PR China. The presentation provides the context and needs for rural transport and infrastructure research in Africa and describes the mission and objectives of the African Road and Transport Research Forum. | ||
| Technical Assistance to RRC to Develop Road Research Capacity in Ethiopia | Scoping Report | Sampson, L. | 2014 | This report provides a summary of the project scoping exercise for ongoing support of Ethiopia by AFCAP. The project was carried out through a short-term Technical Assistance to ERA through their Research and Development Directorate to identify and scope future projects that could be funded by AFCAP. In addition, support was identified for ongoing projects that were started in the first phase of AFCAP up to 31 July 2014 to take them to completion. As part of the assignment, this report provides: 1. A review of the existing business plans and the strategy for the RRC produced by TRL UK Ltd as part of a project funded by the World bank to establish the Road Research Centre (RRC) between May 2011 and December 2012; 2. A review of the progress in establishing and developing the RRC to date against the business plans. This also includes some of the outcomes of a TRL technical assistance project to support the RRC between November 2013 and November 2014; 3. A list of agreed priority research projects and concepts based on the original business plans, and on preferences indicated at the Research Managers Meeting at TRL in September 2014 4. Project details, priorities, proposals and TORs as appropriate with potential funding options. 5. Linkages to the Logical Framework. | ||
| Les effets de l'état des routes rurales sur les cargaisons de produits agricoles | University of Pretoria, South Africa | Steyn, W. | 2016 | Ce Blogue par Professeur W. Steyn s'agit de l'impact potentiel des infrastructures routières rurales sur le produit intérieur bruit d'un pays par les effets de la condition des routes sur la qualité des produits agricoles. | ||
| Improvements to the WinDCP software for Pavement Design of Low Volume Roads | Final Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Beer, M. de;Rensburg, Y. van | 2016 | This final report describes the deliverables of Phase I of the project for improving the existing Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) WinDCP software for the purpose of use on Low Volume Roads (LVRs). The deliverables include a new AfCAP LVR-DCP v1.00 software product and software help file (SHF), which were defined during various discussions and two official workshops from the project team. Peer review resulted in a workable software product for the analyses of single or multiple point DCP analysis. In addition to the field DCP analysis module, a laboratory DCP module was also added. A user friendly software help file (SHF) is also included, intended to assist largely during use and training of the AfCAP LVR-DCP v1.00 software package. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Inception Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Paige-Green Consulting; St Helens Consulting | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Head, M.;Roux, A. le;Engelbrecht, F.;Makhanya, S.;Huyssteen, E. van | 2016 | In order to help address this significant threat to Africa's development, the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) commissioned a project, starting in April 2016, to produce regional guidance on the development of climate-resilient rural access in Africa through research and knowledge sharing within and between participating countries. The output will assist the development of a climate-resilient road network that reaches fully into and between rural communities. This Inception Report outlines the general methodology that will be followed with respect to research and capacity building, and provides preliminary information on current and future climate variability over Africa; criteria forming the basis for country selection; and adaptation approaches and solutions. | |
| Development of Guidelines and Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K.;Rolt, J.;Buckland, T.;Otto, A.;Mayanja, M. | 2016 | This inception report covers only Phase 1 of the project and involves the review of previously constructed LVSRs going back four decades. The activities include collection of data and information, development of a LVSRs database, population of the database, assessment and preliminary analysis. The preliminary analysis will results in the review of gaps in the data and knowledge i.e. the gap analysis. The results of the gap analysis shall be used to determine the information which should be collected through field and laboratory investigations in a selection of five countries which will work in partnership with TRL. The report provides details of the project, the activities which were planned for the inception period, the achievements, the risks noted and other information. | |
| Alternative Surfacing for Steep Hill Sections in Ghana - Phase I | Final Report | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Anochie-Boateng, J.;Debrah, E. | 2016 | The objective of this study was to provide practical information on the suitability of alternative road surfacings and paving techniques that are cost-effective and that offer sustainable solutions for road surfaces on steep gradients (higher-risk road sections). A major outcome of the project is a matrix of three alternative surfacing options (i.e. concrete, bituminous and stone setts/cobbles) for comparison with the gravel wearing courses currently used by the Department of Feeder Roads, Ghana. Surfacing options were ranked for the demonstration sections to be designed, constructed and monitored under the Phase II project. Under limited budget condition, four key options are recommended for the demonstration sites. The findings and overall outcomes of the study, including the outcomes of the inception study, detailed study, workshop, and feedback from the DFR and AfCAP, as well as recommendations and scoping for Phase II of the study are incorporated into this final report. | |
| Guideline for Compaction Quality Control on Low Volume Roads using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer | Final Draft | Hongve, J.;Pinard, M. I. | 2015 | The purpose of the Guideline is to establish a simple and practical method for compaction quality control using the DCP. The method is primarily aimed at projects designed using the DCP-DN method, where the layer specifications are in terms of the maximum DN for each layer. The Guidelines addresses establishing a method for compaction quality control, quality control using the DCP and its strengths and weaknesses. | ||
| Monitoring and Evaluation of Low Volume Roads Trial Sections in Kenya | Inception Report | Across Africa | Wafula, A | 2016 | This report outlines the preliminary field activities undertaken by Across Africa Consultants Ltd for the project “Monitoring and Evaluation of Low Volume Roads Trial Sections in Kenya”. These include reconnaissance tour of all the sites, road marking, drainage assessment, visual inspection of the roads, installation of raingauges, and capacity building with AfCAP consultants and MTRD staff. With the knowledge gained from these activities, the consultant has been able to draft a sound activity schedule for both the baseline survey and the performance monitoring rounds. The consultant is now set to embark on the actual field activities, namely traffic counts, axle load survey, roughness measurements, rut depth measurements, elastic modulus and pavement strength measurement, base layer moisture content determination, and carrying out the laboratory tests. | |
| ReCAP Lettre d'Information Juin 2016 | Transports sécurisés et durables pour la communautés rurales | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | 3eme edition de la Lettre d'Information ReCAP juin 2016. Contenu: recherche routière en Zambie, Développer et tester l'Indice d'accessibility rural (RAI), Faire le bilan et planifier la future recherche sur le transport rural au Népal, Nouvelles initiatives sur la parité hommes-femmes dans le secteur des transports, Projet régional d'AfCAP sur l'adaptation aux changements climatiques, Nouvelles de ReCAP, Prochains appels à contribution et événements. | |
| ReCAP eNewsletter June 2016 | Safe and Sustainable Transport for Rural Communities | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | 3rd edition of the ReCAP e-Newsletter June 2016. Contents: Zambia off to a good start in rural road research, Developing and testing the new Rural Access Indicator (RAI), Taking stock of progress and planning for future research in Nepal, New initiatives in mainstreaming gender in transport, AfCAP regional project on Climate Adaptation takes off. | |
| Road Maintenance Contracting Manual | Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG), Tanzania | Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG), Tanzania | 2013 | This manual on Road Maintenance Contracting for district roads in Tanzania was compiled in the framework of the project on Improved District Maintenance in Tanzania that ran from 2010 till 2012. This Road Maintenance Contracting Manual describes the different types of contracts that may be used by the LGAs for maintenance of the roads under their jurisdiction. The purpose of the manual is to assist the Local Government Authority (LGA) engineers to make informed decisions on what type of contract to be applied to maintain a road or a network of roads depending on the importance of the road(s), maintenance needs and available resources (financial and technical). | ||
| Technical Assistance to Tanzania Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (Interim Phase) | Progress Report: January to March 2016 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | AFCAP2 is providing technical assistance to the Directorate of Infrastructure Development in the Prime Minister's Office: Regional Administration and Local Government of Tanzania, to achieve its objective of setting up a Local Government Infrastructure and Transportation Research Centre (LoGITReC) in Dodoma . During 2014/15, a strategic plan for implementation of LoGITReC's research priorities in accordance with the National Transport Policy was developed. This plan addressed: (a) the vision, mission, goal and strategic objectives of LoGITReC; (b) governance issues, including the role and responsibilities of the Steering Committee, the institutional and physical location of LoGITReC, sources of funding, key performance indicators, and strategic relationships and linkages; (c) the short to longer term research agenda of LoGITReC, which future revisions will be guided by a Technical Committee, which also still has to be convened, and the establishment of specific internal and external technical committees and working groups; (d) capacitation of LoGITReC in terms of human resources and research infrastructure; and (d) establishing mechanisms for creating greater visibility of LoGITReC and for sharing/disseminating/demonstrating its achievements. In addition to the above, a budget was proposed, but this will have to be reassessed following the physical establishment of LoGITReC. The objectives of this 12-month Technical Assistance programme to LoGITReC are as follows: 1) to make further progress with priority activities for the establishment and operationalisation of LoGITReC; and 2) to achieve the key performance indicator targets set out in the LoGITReC Strategic Plan for the first year of operation. This report outlines the progress that has been achieved between January and March 2016. | |
| Technical Assistance to Mozambique Road Research Centre (Interim Phase) | Progress Report: January to March 2016 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | AFCAP2 is providing technical assistance to Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) of Mozambique, to achieve its objective of setting up a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Maputo. The initial phase for the establishment of the road research centre was initiated in 2013. The objectives of this phase were primarily to address institutional issues relating to the RRC, to draft a strategic research plan and a capacity and skills development plan, and to develop a 5-year business plan for the RRC. A workshop was held in Maputo in May 2014, where the plans and the progress achieved were presented. These were well received and the stakeholders supported the physical establishment of the RRC. However, despite the success of the initial activities to prepare enabling documentation and strategies, the full establishment and operationalisation of the RRC had not been realised. Therefore, a follow up “Short-Term Technical Assistance Programme” was carried out under AFCAP 2 in 2014/2015 in order to review existing plans and strategies and to map out concept notes for agreed priority research projects. The outputs and recommendations of the “Short-Term Technical Assistance Programme” are contained in the final report dated August 2015. The report includes a list of prioritised research projects and detailed concept notes for each project. It also includes a concept note for a “Longer-Term Technical Assistance Programme” for the RRC to support its physical establishment and operationalisation, as well as pro-forma job descriptions for RRC staff, a good research practice guide and draft protocols for long-term pavement performance assessments. In preparation of the launching of the “Longer-Term Technical Assistance Programme”, an interim-phase Technical Assistance programme has been initiated. The objectives of this 12-month Technical Assistance programme are as follows: 1) to make further progress with priority activities for the establishment and operationalisation of the RRC; and 2) to achieve the key performance indicator targets set out in the RRC Strategic Plan for the first year of operation. This report outlines the progress that has been achieved between January and March 2016. | |
| Peer Review of the Improvements to the WinDCP software for Pavement Design of Low Volume Roads | Final Summary Report | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I.;Hongve, J.;Paige-Green, P.;Rolt, J.;Mukura, K. | 2016 | The advent of the DCP-DN method of pavement design has triggered a need to upgrade the CSIR WinDCP Ver 5.1 software to take account of relatively recent developments in low volume road technology. To this end, the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), under commission from AfCAP, has been tasked with the upgrading of the software and with the revision of the User Manual + Help File.The main outcomes of the project may be summarised as follows: 1) The CSIR Win DCP 5.1 software has been substantially revamped to take account of the most recent developments in low volume road design based on the DCP-DN method. 2) The AFCAP LVR Win DCP software + SHF is now much more user friendly, and can be used much more intuitively, than previously. 3) The User Manual does not currently reflect the PRT requirements and should be reviewed in the next phase of the project. 4) There are a few software issues that came to light during the trialling of the Alpha ver 1.00 of the AFCAP LVR Win DCP software that need to be addressed in the next phase of the project. | |
| AfCAP Support to the International Transport and Road Research Conference (iTRARR) | Final Report | ReCAP PMU | Visser, C. | 2016 | The report summarises the ReCAP support provided to the International Transport and Road Research Conference (iTRARR) 2016, held in Mombasa, Kenya on 15-17 March 2016. It gives a summary of the ReCAP workshops that featured in the Conference programme and provides the lessons learned and other observations of AfCAP sponsored speakers and delegates. | |
| Scoping Study for Establishment of Pilot Project to Implement Tractor-based Road Maintenance Approaches in Zambia - Annexes | Assignment Report Volume 2, Annexes | Intech Associates; Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2016 | These are the Annexes to the Final Assigment Report. This Scoping Study report investigates the need, rationale and challenges of introducing more affordable and sustainable unpaved road maintenance in Zambia through the introduction of proven agricultural tractor-based technology methods. The study concludes that there are clear cost and sustainability advantages for the introduction of such approaches. The study report provides the basis for stakeholders to develop a pilot training demonstration unit for tractor technology in road works and the beneficial roll-out of the approaches on a national scale. | |
| Scoping Study for Establishment of Pilot Project to Implement Tractor-based Road Maintenance Approaches in Zambia | Final Assignment Report, Volume 1 | Intech Associates; Clanview Civils | Petts, R.;Gongera, K. | 2016 | This Scoping Study report investigates the need, rationale and challenges of introducing more affordable and sustainable unpaved road maintenance in Zambia through the introduction of proven agricultural tractor-based technology methods. The study concludes that there are clear cost and sustainability advantages for the introduction of such approaches. The study provides a basis for the stakeholders to develop a pilot training demonstration unit for tractor technology in road works and beneficial roll-out of approaches on a national scale. | |
| Geometric Design and Road Surface: Impacts on Motorcycle Safety | Presentation | Amend | Bishop, T.;Malekela, G. | 2016 | AFCAP-funded research carried out by Amend has found that crash rates among rural motorcycle drivers in Tanzania are as high as 96 per 100 drivers per year in some areas (Amend, 2015). Amend's research has found that while road user behaviour is the primary contributory factor in rural motorcycle crashes, the design and the condition of roads also contributes to crashes. This presentation summarizes the findings of the aforementioned research and discusses the impacts of Road Design and Condition on Road Safety. The topics covered include: • Safety improvements to all road types – new and existing, sealed and unsealed • Providing a safe width and cross-section • Providing a safe riding surface • Ensuring the surrounding environment is ‘forgiving' • Encouraging the use of appropriate speeds • Providing warning of hazards Starting in January 2016, Amend is currently piloting the use of the Guidance Note by District Engineers during the upgrading of rural roads in two districts. | |
| Asia Community Access Partnership Scoping Study | Airey, T.;Edmonds, G. | 2015 | This report assesses the potential of the rural road sub sectors in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan to undertake ASCAP research that adds value to their ongoing rural access programmes. It draws on open source data to identify current development partner (DP) and institutional rural access interventions as well as potential research partners willing and able to undertake and take ownership of ASCAP supported research. The resultant synthesis applies the procedures and indicators used to establish a business case for AFCAP II and prioritise its interventions in Sub Saharan Africa. | |||
| The use of appropriate high-tech solutions for Road network and condition analysis, with a focus on satellite imagery | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | Workman, R.;Otto, A.;Irving, A. | 2016 | This report is a lead into the project on Appropriate High-tech solutions for road network and condition analysis. The main purpose of this report is to refine the methodology and programme proposed in the TRL bid, and to raise any further comments on the Terms of Reference that have arisen at, or since, the launch meeting. Links have been established with the other regional AFCAP projects (Maintenance and Climate Change projects) and will continue to liaise closely throughout the project period. The team's experience and its contacts in the industry will be used to scan the horizon for potential high-tech solutions that can be piloted during phase 2. In addition, ground truthing will be established in association with partner countries that is in line with local practice and with the AFCAP Maintenance project, to be used to compare to the satellite image assessments, which will also be carried out locally. | |
| Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Design Incorporating Life Cycle Analysis | Presentation | Koranteng-Yorke, J. B. | 2016 | Most road pavement design methods currently in use do not give opportunity to undertake critical evaluation of life cycle of the performance of the newly design road pavement. In the absence of this assessment, it is always assumed that existing road agency's maintenance management systems will have the capacity to meet the maintenance requirements. The setting of road maintenance policies used in the road maintenance management systems are also not informed by the respective road pavement designs. In some instances, a general rule is used to establish the maintenance policy, say, all asphaltic concrete roads are due for overlay at 10 years interval. The challenge is that current practice in road pavement design and the maintenance are not coterminous. This paper presents an objective methodology using Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) pavement design approach and HDM-4 life cycle modelling to address these problems using Benin as a case study. The case study has given a practical demonstration of how to select and calibrate the M-E design tool appropriate for Benin condition. Estimation of the Residual Life of the existing road pavements to determine the investment options (rehabilitation, reconstruction, upgrading, etc.) and the selection of appropriate pavement designs were achieved. The selected investment options were optimised by economic analysis with the HDM-4 which was also used to carry out Life Cycle Analysis of the optimised pavement design to establish the maintenance regime. Finally, the financial outlay during the design lives of the respective optimum pavement designs was established. | ||
| Prediction of CBR using DCP for local subgrade materials | Presentation | Feleke, G.;Araya, A. A. | 2016 | There is lack of correlation between Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) for local subgrade materials. The aim of this study is to develop relationships between DCP and soaked CBR, DCP and unsoaked CBR, soaked CBR and unsoaked CBR for fine and coarse grained soils. This paper presents relationships between DCP and CBR for local Subgrade materials. The relationship developed in this research considers subgrade material's behavior and largely saves time and cost of preliminary and detailed engineering works of road projects. A series of DCP tests in the field, soaked CBR at OMC, and unsoaked CBR at field conditions in the laboratory are conducted. Based on the field and laboratory test results relationships between soaked CBR and DCP, unsoaked CBR and DCP, and soaked CBR and unsoaked CBR are established for fine and coarse grained soils. The relationship developed between DCP and CBR value for fine grained soil shows better than that of for coarse grained soil. | ||
| An investigation on the Influence of Institutional Capacity and Applicability of Technology in Implementation of URRAP: The cases study of Tigray Region. | Presentation | Gebre, D. H.;Araya, A. A. | 2016 | Under Low Volume Road, (LVR), Universal Rural Roads Access Program, (URRAP) is a new program in Ethiopia aimed to access the rural community and to afford all season access road to markets and public services. The program was introduced in 2012 throughout Ethiopia and specifically in Tigray in 34 weredas, it was planned to have at least one completed project per wereda in that year. The aim of the paper was to find the influential factors which affect the implementation of the program as case study in the region more targeting the technology applicability and institution capacity. Questionnaires, interviews and site visit were used to find the degree of influence of the 11 major factors by dividing to 45 sub factors which can describe the major factor. The collected data was analyzed using Relative Important Index (RII) and multiple correlations to find which factors were highly influential in implementation of the program. The mean of the major influencing factor was tabulated and geometric design influence (RII=0.78), influence due to poor coordination between the stake holders (RII=0.69) and lack of community participation were the main influencing factors which affect the implementation of the program. The top influential factors in different sites were quite different which shows one fit for all principle was not valid in the program. | ||
| Tanzania motorcycle taxi rider training: assessment and development of appropriate training curriculum | Presentation | Transaid | Barber, C.;Rettie, N. | 2016 | Between December 2014 and April 2015, Transaid, working closely with key stakeholders in Tanzania, have developed an appropriate training curriculum for motorcycle taxi riders (for the full curriculum see annex A). Of the 1.25 million people killed on the roads annually and the 20-50 million people who are injured and/or suffer long term disability, 90% of these occur in low and middle income countries1. In recent years, motorcycle taxis, or “boda bodasâ€, have emerged rapidly as an important means of transport in both urban and rural settings particularly in East Africa. They provide an important means of access to essential services for local communities in hard to reach areas. However there are also legitimate safety concerns and improving boda boda training, licensing and testing has the potential to reduce death and injury. This AFCAP-funded programme began by gathering and assessing any existing motorcycle training curricula to identify any gaps that need to be addressed. It was vital that the development of the training curriculum had strong support from the relevant training schools and regulatory authorities as well as feeding in valuable input from the motorcycle taxi riders themselves and addressing the needs of passengers. To ensure this key stakeholder input and support, SUMATRA and the Traffic Police were engaged from the very start and the project team conducted interviews with Driving Schools and regulatory authorities. Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated; one in Bagamoyo, which took a innovative participatory approach, gathering input from boda boda riders, owners and passengers The second workshop took place in Dar es Salaam and focused on gaining feedback and input from the key regulatory authorities and ministries. This final report details the outcomes from these activities as well as presenting the final developed curriculum, proposed next steps and proposals for licensing, testing and training. | |
| Cost effective sustainable slope protection solution of rural roads at flooding regions | Presentation | Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh | Azad, A. K.;Matsushima, K. | 2016 | Bangladesh is a sandwich country between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal. The rivers of the country carry a huge amount of upstream water and therefore the rural roads along the rivers and the alluvial plains are often subjected to floods and erosion. Protection of road embankment slopes was difficult and sometimes construction of retaining wall was the only solution. LGED with assistance from a JICA Technical assistance project has developed a sustainable and cost effective solution for protection of steep slopes with soil bag. The cost of the slope protection works is nearly 40% of protection with retaining walls. The foundation of the protection should be in stable earth. Wooden piles may be used beneath the foundation to avoid scouring. The foundation is constructed with brick soling and a lean concrete above it. The protective materials are made of soil/sand bag. The bags can be made of jute or geosynthetic. The soil/sand cement ratio can be varied from 4:1 to 8:1. The stability of the protection work lies in correct positioning and placing of bags. Under different trial situation, the correct positioning of the bags has been found as 10° inclination at the first layer and 18°at all the upper layers. This method of slope protection can be replicated in flooded regions as well as in hilly region where stability of slope is a great concern. | |
| Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa | Briefing Note | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B. | 2016 | This briefing note of May 2016 is the first in a series from the AFCAP regional project on "Climate Adaptation: Risk Management and Resilience Optimisation for Vulnerable Road Access in Africa". It provides the climate change context for Africa, the rationale for the research, its objectives and the set up. | |
| Mobilities in Rural Africa: New Connections, New Challenges | Durham University, UK | Porter, G. | 2016 | Fluid interdependencies of mobility—physical and virtual—are growing rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa: The remarkable expansion of mobile phone networks is bringing a tangible new dimension of connectivity into mobility, transport, and access equations on the ground. This article draws on in-depth field research, including co-investigation with two groups often disadvantaged in their physical mobility, youth and older people, to explicate some current African developments and their departure from prevailing Western-based conceptualizations of space–time interactions (regarding the potential for space–time flexibility and microcoordination afforded by mobile phones). Despite the fact that face-to-face interaction is often of great significance in Africa, when the value attached to personalized relationships is balanced against factors of widespread poverty and irregular, sometimes very dangerous transport, the potential for phone substitution appears greater than in many Western contexts. Better distance management through phone use could be particularly closely associated with populations with very low disposable incomes or those whose physical mobility is limited; for instance, by disability, infirmity, age, or gender. | ||
| The Effect of Fatigue on Driving | A Case Study in Cape Coast Metropolis | Ogunleye-Adetona, Dr. C.I.;Essifil, F. | 2016 | Road accidents or crashes are attributed broadly to three main factors: environmental, technical or vehicle- related and human factors. It is largely believed that 80-90% of all road accidents throughout the world result from human factors (Abane, 1994, 1995, 2004). Not many studies however have been undertaken to identify fatigue as part of the human factors. Rather many of the studies are attributed over speeding, drunk driving, wrong overtaking, among others (Abane, 2004). Fatigue generally causes low attention and alertness in all discipline of life and work of which driving is not an exemption. The study is aimed at an examination of the effect of driving fatigue in Cape Coast Metropolis using the following objectives 1. Explain the effects of fatigue on driving 2. Identify the causes of fatigue on driving 3. Highlight the common signs of fatigue Findings from the study will be used to suggest appropriate measures to overcome or control driver fatigue. | ||
| Development of optimal road maintenance fund allocation framework | Odoki, J. B.;Odongo, M. | 2016 | Ideally, road maintenance funds should be allocated as and when maintenance requirements fall due. However this cannot often be achieved due to limited availability of road maintenance funds. In many developing countries, road maintenance needs are huge and available resources are not sufficient to allow all desired maintenance activities and interventions to be carried out.This paper describes the development of an equitable, transparent, fair and justifiable approach to allocation of road maintenance resources. The key research element is the investigation of the key relationships between road user charges and road agency costs based on the principles of efficiency and equity. It introduces a novel approach to reduce biases in road maintenance fund allocation in a country. To test the validity and demonstrate the application of the framework developed, a worked example has been presented to allocate an assumed available budget. The framework developed provides an objective way of investing in road network preservation by balancing between efficiency and equity and thereby improve decision making in road asset management. | |||
| Case Study: HDM-4 adaptation for analyzing Kenya roads | Odoki, J. B. | 2016 | Â This paper presents a case study to adapt the highway development and management tool (HDM-4) for investigating road investment choices in Kenya. Roads constitute the most important mode of transport in Kenya since more than 93% of all freight and passenger traffic is transported by road. Kenya's public road network comprises some 161,451km of which 14,561km is paved while 146,890km is unpaved. The estimated value of the road asset is KShs 2.5 trillion and this represents a significant portion of the country's public investments. Given its contribution to the country's socioeconomic development and the public investment it represents, the roads network must be continuously developed, managed and maintained in a prudent and effective manner. | |||
| Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Design Incorporating Life Cycle Analysis | Case Study of Benin | Koranteng-Yorke, J. B. | 2016 | Most road pavement design methods currently in use do not give opportunity to undertake critical evaluation of life cycle of the performance of the newly design road pavement. In the absence of this assessment, it is always assumed that existing road agency's maintenance management systems will have the capacity to meet the maintenance requirements. The setting of road maintenance policies used in the road maintenance management systems are also not informed by the respective road pavement designs. In some instances, a general rule is used to establish the maintenance policy, say, all asphaltic concrete roads are due for overlay at 10 years interval. The challenge is that current practice in road pavement design and the maintenance are not coterminous. This paper presents an objective methodology using Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) pavement design approach and HDM-4 life cycle modelling to address these problems using Benin as a case study. The case study has given a practical demonstration of how to select and calibrate the M-E design tool appropriate for Benin condition. Estimation of the Residual Life of the existing road pavements to determine the investment options (rehabilitation, reconstruction, upgrading, etc.) and the selection of appropriate pavement designs were achieved. The selected investment options were optimised by economic analysis with the HDM-4 which was also used to carry out Life Cycle Analysis of the optimised pavement design to establish the maintenance regime. Finally, the financial outlay during the design lives of the respective optimum pavement designs was established. | ||
| Prediction of CBR using DCP for local subgrade materials | Feleke, G.;Araya, A. A. | 2016 | There is lack of correlation between Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) for local subgrade materials. The aim of this study is to develop relationships between DCP and soaked CBR, DCP and unsoaked CBR, soaked CBR and unsoaked CBR for fine and coarse grained soils. This paper presents relationships between DCP and CBR for local Subgrade materials. The relationship developed in this research considers subgrade material's behavior and largely saves time and cost of preliminary and detailed engineering works of road projects. A series of DCP tests in the field, soaked CBR at OMC, and unsoaked CBR at field conditions in the laboratory are conducted. Based on the field and laboratory test results relationships between soaked CBR and DCP, unsoaked CBR and DCP, and soaked CBR and unsoaked CBR are established for fine and coarse grained soils. The relationship developed between DCP and CBR value for fine grained soil shows better than that of for coarse grained soil. | |||
| An investigation on the Influence of Institutional Capacity and Applicability of Technology in Implementation of URRAP: The cases study of Tigray Region. | Gebre, D. H.;Araya, A. A. | 2016 | Under Low Volume Road, (LVR), Universal Rural Roads Access Program, (URRAP) is a new program in Ethiopia aimed to access the rural community and to afford all season access road to markets and public services. The program was introduced in 2012 throughout Ethiopia and specifically in Tigray in 34 weredas, it was planned to have at least one completed project per wereda in that year. The aim of the paper was to find the influential factors which affect the implementation of the program as case study in the region more targeting the technology applicability and institution capacity. Questionnaires, interviews and site visit were used to find the degree of influence of the 11 major factors by dividing to 45 sub factors which can describe the major factor. The collected data was analyzed using Relative Important Index (RII) and multiple correlations to find which factors were highly influential in implementation of the program. The mean of the major influencing factor was tabulated and geometric design influence (RII=0.78), influence due to poor coordination between the stake holders (RII=0.69) and lack of community participation were the main influencing factors which affect the implementation of the program. The top influential factors in different sites were quite different which shows one fit for all principle was not valid in the program. | |||
| Specification for Rural Road Asset Management Performance | University of Birmingham; Roughton International; Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Burrow, M.;Geddes, R.;Pinard, M. I.;Gongera, K.;Bopoto, C.;Ghataora, G. S.;Gillett, S.;Petts, R. | 2016 | The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is funding a major research and capacity building project to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas through improved road asset management. This will incorporate a structured process, which utilizes peer review, so that meaningful advances in road asset management can be locally driven and improvement in rural road network performance realised. Part of this project is to develop a road administration specification which can be used as a self-assessment tool by rural road administrations. The objective of this paper is to describe a draft of one aspect of this specification, namely that associated with road asset management, so that that stakeholders and practitioners can comment on its practicality and usefulness. The specification incorporates road asset management performance criteria developed by a panel of experts utilizing guidelines suggested in various documents including BSI ISO 55000 (2014) and the International Infrastructure Management Manual (IAMM, 2011). The performance criteria are associated with: sectoral efficiency; institutional effectiveness; life cycle processes; asset management support systems; data; asset management plans; and maintenance benefit outcomes and; network condition. For a road administration, each performance criterion can be compared against a benchmark to target improvements in asset management. The relevance of the proposed approach to SSA countries will be tested during a conference workshop and thereafter further developed to include measures associated with all four building blocks of commercialised road management. | ||
| Road Traffic Injury in Tanzania: Preparation of a District Engineers' Guidance Note for Motorcycle Safety on Low Volume Roads | Amend | Bishop, T.;Malekela, G. | 2016 | World Health Organization figures show that over 1.2 million people are killed on the world's roads each year, and up to a further 50 million are injured. Road traffic injury (RTI) is the leading cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29 years. Low- and middle-income countries are hardest hit, losing up to an estimated 3% of GDP as a result of crashes (WHO, 2015). Africa has the world's most dangerous roads, with a death rate of 26.6 per 100,000 of the population. This compares to a global average of 17.5 per 100,000 (WHO, 2015), and is despite the fact that Africa is the least motorised of the world's regions: Africa has only 2% of the world's vehicles but 16% of the world's road fatalities (WHO, 2013). Official figures for Tanzania show that around 4,000 people are killed on the roads each year (Tanzania Traffic Police, 2015), although it is widely thought, including by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015), that there is under-reporting in this number. The use of motorcycles is revolutionising rural access in many African countries, including Tanzania. But this revolution has a price: motorcycles now account for around 22% of all Tanzania's road deaths (Tanzania Traffic Police, 2015), and AFCAP-funded research carried out by Amend has found that crash rates among rural motorcycle drivers in Tanzania are as high as 96 per 100 drivers per year in some areas (Amend, 2015). Amend's research has found that while road user behaviour is the primary contributory factor in rural motorcycle crashes, the design and the condition of roads also contributes to crashes. Tanzania's National Road Safety Policy recognizes that local government authorities have a responsibility to ‘Design, build and maintain their roads in a safety-conscious manner'. Amend is now working with the President's Office for Regional Administration and Local Government and Cardno-IT Transport to develop a rural road safety programme for Tanzania, under the DFID-funded ‘Improving Rural Access in Tanzania' project. One component of the rural road safety programme is a District Engineers' Guidance Note for Motorcycle Safety on Low Volume Roads. The Guidance Note covers topics including: • Safety improvements to all road types – new and existing, sealed and unsealed • Providing a safe width and cross-section • Providing a safe riding surface • Ensuring the surrounding environment is ‘forgiving' • Encouraging the use of appropriate speeds • Providing warning of hazards Starting in January 2016, Amend is currently piloting the use of the Guidance Note by District Engineers during the upgrading of rural roads in two districts. This paper summarises the research that contributed to the development of the Guidance Note, provides detail of the guidance included in the document, and gives an update on the pilots in the two districts. | ||
| Research on New Asset Management Approaches for Maintaining and Improving Local Road Access | Inception Report | Roughton International; Civil Design Solutions, Africa | Geddes, R.;Gongera, K.;Burrow, M.;Bopoto, C.;Lema, C. | 2016 | The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management for rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. Three countries from sub-Sahara Africa will participate in the project. A fourth country, with established rural asset management systems, will provide a benchmark for best practice. If the project is successful it is expected that there will be subsequent phases which will enable the participation of additional countries. The project will provide technical assistance to achieve improvements in asset management performance on a selected network of rural roads within each participating country. The performance will be measured against a new specification for rural road asset management that will be developed as part of the study. Measurements will also be taken of the road network condition and the impact of the road condition on the rural economy. These data will be discussed with road sector stakeholders in the project areas and in regional meetings of the participating countries. They will be used as part of an influencing strategy to achieve home-grown and sustainable improvements to the management of rural roads. The Inception Report summarises the initial findings of the research team concerning the development of tools required for measuring performance in rural road asset management, identification of participating countries and the likely contribution of the project to the ReCAP Log Frame performance indicators. It follows the Mobilisation Report, which was submitted in December 2015. The Mobilisation Report included a summary of meetings held with the Client and within the technical assistance team during the mobilisation phase, the revised approach and methodology for the project as proposed by the Consultant, and changes to the professional team. | |
| Tanzania motorcycle taxi rider training: assessment and development of appropriate training curriculum | Final Report | Transaid | Barber, C.;Rettie, N. | 2016 | Between December 2014 and April 2015, Transaid, working closely with key stakeholders in Tanzania, have developed an appropriate training curriculum for motorcycle taxi riders (for the full curriculum see annex A). Of the 1.25 million people killed on the roads annually and the 20-50 million people who are injured and/or suffer long term disability, 90% of these occur in low and middle income countries1. In recent years, motorcycle taxis, or “boda bodasâ€, have emerged rapidly as an important means of transport in both urban and rural settings particularly in East Africa. They provide an important means of access to essential services for local communities in hard to reach areas. However there are also legitimate safety concerns and improving boda boda training, licensing and testing has the potential to reduce death and injury. This AFCAP-funded programme began by gathering and assessing any existing motorcycle training curricula to identify any gaps that need to be addressed. It was vital that the development of the training curriculum had strong support from the relevant training schools and regulatory authorities as well as feeding in valuable input from the motorcycle taxi riders themselves and addressing the needs of passengers. To ensure this key stakeholder input and support, SUMATRA and the Traffic Police were engaged from the very start and the project team conducted interviews with Driving Schools and regulatory authorities. Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated; one in Bagamoyo, which took a innovative participatory approach, gathering input from boda boda riders, owners and passengers The second workshop took place in Dar es Salaam and focused on gaining feedback and input from the key regulatory authorities and ministries. This final report details the outcomes from these activities as well as presenting the final developed curriculum, proposed next steps and proposals for licensing, testing and training. | |
| Cost effective sustainable slope protection solution of rural roads at flooding regions | Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh | Azad, A. K.;Matsushima, K. | 2016 | Bangladesh is a sandwich country between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal. The rivers of the country carry a huge amount of upstream water and therefore the rural roads along the rivers and the alluvial plains are often subjected to floods and erosion. Protection of road embankment slopes was difficult and sometimes construction of retaining wall was the only solution. LGED with assistance from a JICA Technical assistance project has developed a sustainable and cost effective solution for protection of steep slopes with soil bag. The cost of the slope protection works is nearly 40% of protection with retaining walls. The foundation of the protection should be in stable earth. Wooden piles may be used beneath the foundation to avoid scouring. The foundation is constructed with brick soling and a lean concrete above it. The protective materials are made of soil/sand bag. The bags can be made of jute or geosynthetic. The soil/sand cement ratio can be varied from 4:1 to 8:1. The stability of the protection work lies in correct positioning and placing of bags. Under different trial situation, the correct positioning of the bags has been found as 10° inclination at the first layer and 18°at all the upper layers. This method of slope protection can be replicated in flooded regions as well as in hilly region where stability of slope is a great concern. | ||
| unknown | 2014 | |||||
| Economic Growth through Effective Road Asset Management | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R.;Gongera, K. | 2016 | The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) is funding a research and capacity building project on asset management for rural roads. The purpose of the project is to achieve economic and social benefits for local communities in rural areas as a result of improved performance in road asset management. The project will provide technical assistance to achieve improvements in asset management performance on a selected network of rural roads within each participating country. The performance will be measured against a new framework for rural road asset management that is being developed as part of the study. Measurements will also be taken of the road network condition and the impact of the road condition on the rural economy. They will be used as part of an influencing strategy to achieve improvements to the management of rural roads and build a maintenance culture. The purpose of the paper is to inform stakeholders in the region of this strategically important research project. Feedback will be obtained from stakeholders on the innovative approaches that will be adopted. This will strengthen the project methodology, ensuring that it achieves meaningful and sustainable change. | ||
| Training and Application of DCP-DN Pavement Design Method in Ghana | Training Report | Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2016 | Feeder road rehabilitation and maintenance is seen as a crucial part of Ghana's efforts in agricultural development and in its strategies for economic recovery and growth, poverty alleviation and food security. Hence a methodology to improve the cost-effectiveness of low-volume road design would have significant beneficial application in the Ghanaian feeder road environment. | ||
| Effects of Rural Road Conditions on Agricultural Cargo: a Way to Enhance the Visibility of Rural Road Research | ReCAP Blogpost | University of Pretoria, South Africa | Steyn, W. | 2016 | This ReCAP blog post by Prof W. Steyn addresses the possible impact of rural road infrastructure on a nation's national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through it's effects on agricultural cargo. | |
| ReCAP Lettre d'Information Mars 2016 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | Deuxième edition du Lettre d'Information de ReCAP, mars 2016. Contenue: Initiation des activités de recherche sur les routes rurales en Asie du sud (AsCAP), l'établissement du Forum Africaine de la Recherche sur les Routes et les Transports (ARTReF), AfCAP sponsorise les améliorations du logiciel du conception des chaussées WinDCP 5.1, l'accès rural au 9eme forum regional sur les transports durables en Asie, nouvelles de ReCAP, Prochains événements et appels. | ||
| ReCAP e-Newsletter March 2016 | Safe and sustainable transport for rural communities | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2016 | Second edition of the ReCAP e-Newsletter March 2016. Contents: Kicking off AsCAP Rural road research in South Asia, the establishment of the Africa Road and Transport Research Forum (ARTReF), AFCAP sponsors improvements to WINDCP 5.1 pavement design software, Rural Access Features in the 9th Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum in Asia, Short ReCAP news, Upcoming Calls and Events | |
| Chair's Summary Ninth Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport Forum | Plenary Session 6: Sustainable Rural Transport | United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) | United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) | 2015 | This extract provides the part of the Chair's Summary of the 9th Regional EST Forum Asia, held in Kathmandu, Nepal, in November 2015, that addresses rural transport and rural access. The Chair stresses the importance of rural transport in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the role it plays in enhancing food security and increasing social-economic resilience. The Chair calls for raising the political priority for rural transport and prioritising funding for it. | |
| Sustainable Rural Access - Some Key Issues | Presentation | ReCAP PMU | Cook, J. R. | 2015 | This presentation, held at the UN Environmentally Sustainable Transport Forum in Kathmandu, Nepal, in November 2015, addresses the increasing importance of climate resilience for sustainable all-season access. The principal challenge is to achieve satisfactorily sustainable all-season access within realistic whole-life cost budgets and at the same time deal with increasing climate threats. Engineering adaptations to counter these threats are available but the costs can be prohibitive. Implementing targeted interventions through spot strengthening priority road sections and structures should help in conscientious spending of funds. The presentation also recognises the crucial role of effective maintenance in countering climate impacts. | |
| Baseline study on rural transport service indicators Kidabaga-Boma La Ng'ombe Road, Kilolo District, Tanzania | Final report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Willilo, S.;Njenga, P.;Hine, J. | 2015 | Support for the development of rural transport services should go in tandem with investments in rural roads. There is a need to understand what constitutes good rural transport services in order to provide effective interventions. This report describes a small scale study of rural transport services along the Kidabaga-Boma la Ng'ombe road in Kilolo District, Iringa Region, Tanzania. The aim was to collect data that can be used to describe the performance of rural transport services in the area. Data collected included: Existing modes of transport, costs for passenger and small freight by mode, reliability and frequency of transport services, and gender and age preferences for modes. The study shows that conventional public transport vehicles such as buses and mini-buses are few in the survey area. Motorcycles have become important for short and medium distance transport. They are associated with higher service frequency, better responsiveness and ability to access remote places. They are however more expensive per passenger and tonne-km. Other notable findings are: The importance for users to have predictable services for time planning, the need to address seasonal fluctuations in services caused by impassability of roads in rainy season and the importance of transport services being able to provide mixed transport for freight and passengers is also highlighted. This is especially so because freight trucks complement buses as a means of medium and long distance passenger travel. Recommendations are made for longer and more systematic studies on rural transport services. Such studies should be designed to encourage collaboration between rural road agencies and transport service stakeholders. | |
| First Mile Transport Challenges for Smallholder Tomato Farmers along Ihimbo-Itimbo Road, Kilolo District Tanzania | Final Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P.;Willilo, S.;Hine, J. | 2015 | This pilot study looked at first mile transport challenges faced by smallholder tomato farmers along Ihimbo-Itimbo Road, Kilolo District, Tanzania. The first stage distance is critical for agricultural products that are time and transport sensitive such as tomatoes. Key issues include: a dearth of means of transport among farmers, compounded by poor first mile infrastructure. Main transport modes to the consolidation points are headloading, motorcycles and bicycles though there is limited ownership of the latter in the area. Average first mile distances to consolidation points range from 1-4 km. Motorcycles are a relatively more expensive mode compared to headloading for the first mile journey. Average transport costs to consolidation points on normal days were TZS 10,000 (US$ 5) and TZS 16,700 (US$8.35) for head-loading and motorcycles respectively. On rainy days, the average transport cost is higher by 50% for headloading (TZS 15,300 or US$7.65) and 20% for motorcycles (TZS 19,800 or US$10). The farm gate prices are highly variable, with seasonality and availability of transport being key factors. There is also a huge difference in the price as tomatoes move along the transport chain. Simultaneous price information collected in different markets showed prices of up to 250% higher at the final market compared to the farm gate price. Closer collaboration between transport planners and the agricultural sector is required. Developing appropriate standards for first mile access and provision of basic infrastructure at load consolidation points are important areas of focus. | |
| Quality Assurance for Rural Transport Services Project Cluster in Tanzania | Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2015 | This Final Report summarises the review of the six research project clusters undertaken in Tanzania by IFRTD, Amend, HelpAge International and Transaid, and a review of their Final Reports. After a summary of the dissemination workshop which took place in Bagamoyo, Tanzania in April 2015, the report summarises the lessons learned from adopting a cluster approach, including feedback from the contractors themselves. The report also provides recommendations for implementing rural transport service project clusters in other AFCAP countries, in particular focusing on project duration, sample size, statistical significance, disseminating results, and research competency. The conclusion alludes to the strong appetite for rural transport services research and outlines some of the research priorities that will be considered for the next country and regional clusters. | |
| Financing Rural Transport Services in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | Hine, J.;Huizenga, C.;Willilo, S. | 2015 | The economic and social development of a large part of rural populations, especially in the developing world, is being held back by limited, unreliable or expensive access to markets and essential services. This problem is perpetuated by the continued bias towards the development of rural transport infrastructure, and the relative neglect of passenger and freight services operating on such infrastructure. In many developing countries where rural transport services do exist, they are often expensive, of poor quality and unreliable. The supply of rural transport tends to be dominated by cartels, and farmers need to pay significant sums for often-unreliable freight services. For most poorer developing countries, road building and maintenance is the only form of assistance provided for rural transport, and the provision for transport services is very much left up to the informal market. The absence of well functioning markets may hamper the improvement of rural transport services. To address these issues, the authors recommend additional research and increased collection of basic information; new approaches to regulating rural transport services; incorporation of rural transport services in government and donor rural infrastructure programs; appropriate subsidy schemes for rural transport services; and innovative use of ICT to support rural transport services. | ||
| Qualitative methods for investigating transport and mobility issues among commonly socially excluded populations: a case study of co-investigation with older people in rural Tanzania | Durham University, UK et al | Porter, G.;Tewodros, A.;Bifandimu, F.;Heslop, A.;Gorman, M. | 2015 | Qualitative research on transport and mobilities in development contexts is relatively sparse. Following a preliminary discussion of qualitative approaches developed by the first author when researching transport-related issues with commonly excluded populations (women, children, people resident away from the paved road, older people) in rural sub-Saharan Africa, a detailed case study is presented of the methodology employed in an investigation into the transport and mobility problems experienced by older people. This study, which focuses on older people's physical access to health and other services in rural Tanzania, was conducted in collaboration with older people from the Kibaha District of Pwani region. The study is one of the first to explore older people's mobility and associated access to services in Africa and the first to use a co-investigation approach in this context. | ||
| Rural Access Research Priorities Workshop, Fairview Hotel Nairobi, KENYA 21 July 2009, Workshop Report | Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) | - | 2009 | The objectives of the workshops were: To develop a prioritised list of research issues and knowledge gaps in rural access To suggest knowledge dissemination activities that can be supported by AFCAP in Kenya. Participants in the workshop represented a wide spectrum of stakeholders interested in issues of rural access from as many perspectives as possible. Stakeholders include the road sector, local government, health, education and agriculture, as well as NGOs and civil society. | ||
| ReCAP e-Newsletter December 2015 | Safe and sustainable transport for rural communities | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2015 | The first edition of the ReCAP e-Newsletter. ReCAP brings together the activities of the Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) and Asia Community Access Partnership (AsCAP). Contents: ReCAP Awards Asset Management Contract to Roughton, Gender mainstreaming in the transport sector, Technical Auditing on Low Volume Roads in Malawi, Rural transport's reflection in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Short ReCAP news and Upcoming events and calls | |
| ReCAP e-Newsletter décembre 2015 | Le transport sûr et durable pour les communautés rurales | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2015 | Nous sommes heureux de vous présenter la première édition du Newsletter électronique de ReCAP. Le rôle de ReCAP est de regrouper les activités du Partenariat d'Accès Communautaire en Afrique (AfCAP) et du Partenariat d'Accès Communautaire en Asie (AsCAP). Contenu : ReCAP accorde un contrat de Gestion d'actifs à Roughton, Intégration de la parité hommes-femmes dans le secteur des transports, Audit technique des routes à faible circulation au Malawi, Reflet des transports ruraux dans les Objectifs de développement durable (SDG), Nouvelles de ReCAP, Prochains évènements et appels | |
| Overcoming the First Mile -Lessons from Farmers in Kenya and Tanzania | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Hine, J.;Njenga, P.;Willilo, S. | 2015 | Two small-scale pilot studies were undertaken investigating the initial ‘First Mile' farm to market transport constraints faced by onion farmers in Nyeri County Kenya and tomato farmers in the Kilolo District Tanzania. Data on transport loads, costs and mode of transport were collected together with other information on transport challenges faced including transport delays and crop losses. In both locations, hired head and back loading was the prime method of movement on the initial journey (typically from one to four km) to the first point of consolidation. This method of transport could be over 20 times as expensive (on a per ton/km basis) than movement by truck. It was also found that the initial movements could account for between 10% and 40% of the total farmer's crop earnings. Crop losses from bruising, getting wet and unpredictable delays were also common. In Kenya farmers groups had attempted to overcome the challenges through both load consolidation, to gain advantages of the economies of scale of truck transport, and by developing a better route to take their produce. However it was found that the new route had major limitations, on vehicle movements, that could be easily solved by simple technical advice. | ||
| Improving Access to Emergency Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa | Dennis, R. A.;Pullen, K. R. | 2015 | Lack of affordable transport is a major constraint on access to emergency healthcare in rural areas of Sub Saharan Africa and one of the main barriers to achieving Milennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in these countries. Conventional ambulances are expensive to acquire and operate and this paper argues that there is a strong case for introducing lower-cost versions. The paper describes the successful trials of a motorcycle ambulance trailer (MAT) in Zambia and discusses the implications of the findings in regard to setting up an emergency transport service based on low-cost ambulances. | |||
| Mainstreaming Low Volume Rural Road Research in S E Asia | Cook, J. R.;Pettes, R.;Pham Gia, Tuan | 2015 | Between 2004 and 2009 SEACAP (South East Asian Community Access Programme) initiated or extended a series of Low Volume Rural Road (LVRR) pavement trials in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The great majority of this research was undertaken in Vietnam with DFID financing and in association with the World Bank and Ministry of Transport. This work continued with funding by the World Bank's Vietnam Rural Transport Programmes. In total some 140 separate lengths of trial road sections, totalling over 170km, have been constructed and subsequently monitored up to 2012. Central to the work in all three countries was the trialling of a wide range of pavement and surfacing options appropriate to the governing physical socio-economic conditions. The Vietnam Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) database now comprises a unique historic record of rural road performance in the tropical and sub-tropical rural environment. The focus is now on mainstreaming this work to the benefit of vulnerable rural communities. | |||
| The Poverty Reduction Impact of Rural Roads: A Systematic Review | Cardno IT Transport | Hine, J.;Abedin, M.;Airey, T.;Stevens, R.;Anderson, T. | 2015 | The systematic review, funded by the Department for International Development, UK (DFID) and conducted by Cardno IT Transport investigated the question, ‘Does the extension of the rural road network have a positive impact on poverty reduction and resilience for the rural areas served? If so how, and if not why not?' [1]. This paper draws significantly from excerpts from the original Systematic Review. The evidence has provided a strong direct relationship between rural transport infrastructure and reducing transport costs and increasing traffic volumes. In addition, there is strong evidence that over the medium to long term, this leads to an increase in employment, income and consumption, and expansion of the agricultural sector. There is evidence to suggest that the health impacts are generally positive, but increased connectivity is also shown to lead to an increase in communicable diseases. With respect to marketing activity, the evidence base presents a mixed conclusion whereby communities closer to the transport improvement benefit but negative impacts are found in distant areas. There is a weak evidence base with regard to educational impacts. Not enough studies provided a sufficiently long-term measurement of impacts to test the ‘resilience' of local communities in their ability to absorb benefits over time and after periods of external shocks. | ||
| Learning with Older People about their Transport and Mobility Problems in Rural Tanzania - Presentation | HelpAge International | Tewodros, A. | 2015 | HelpAge International conducted a study through a co-investigation method involving older men and women in rural Tanzania to build baseline data to promote and monitor mobility-focused interventions for rural older people. The study sites were in Kidabaga, Mwatasi and Mhanga villages, Kilolo District, in Iringa region. The study used three approaches: older people as co-researchers were consulted to shape the survey tools, household surveys with 358 older people to collect quantitative data; and key informant interviews with health professionals, village leaders and transport providers (mainly motorcycle operators). The findings show that current access of older people to health services is substantially constrained by their poor access to transport services (affected both by cost and availability). Only Kidabaga, the village characterized by relative accessibility has a clinic, while Mwatasi has a small dispensary. Mhanga village had no health facilities. Walking is the most common means of reaching health facilities by older people in all villages, with trip durations ranging from 15 minutes to over 4 hours. For 64% and 30% older people surveyed in Mhanga, and Mwatasi respectively, travel is the key barrier to accessing healthcare, where by contrast, in Kidabaga the user fee was found to be the main constraint. Due to lack of transport, older farmers have limited livelihood opportunities and depend on traders who come to the villages. Nevertheless, the influx of boda-bodas (motor cycles), particularly in Kidabaga and Mwatasi, has significantly improved the mobility of older people, especially in the provision of emergency transport, despite the high fares. The paper identifies policy and gaps to improve rural transport services for vulnerable people with poor mobility and physical disability in sub-Saharan Africa. | ||
| Learning with Older People about their Transport and Mobility Problems in Rural Tanzania | Mulongo, G.;Porter, G.;Tewodros, A.;Willilo, S.;Mwangoka, A. | 2015 | This paper presents the findings of a study conducted by HelpAge International through a co-investigation method involving older men and women in rural Tanzania to build baseline data to promote and monitor mobility-focused interventions for rural older people. The study sites were in Kidabaga, Mwatasi and Mhanga villages, Kilolo District, in Iringa region. The study used three approaches: older people as co-researchers were consulted to shape the survey tools, household surveys with 358 older people to collect quantitative data; and key informant interviews with health professionals, village leaders and transport providers (mainly motorcycle operators). The findings show that current access of older people to health services is substantially constrained by their poor access to transport services (affected both by cost and availability). Only Kidabaga, the village characterized by relative accessibility has a clinic, while Mwatasi has a small dispensary. Mhanga village had no health facilities. Walking is the most common means of reaching health facilities by older people in all villages, with trip durations ranging from 15 minutes to over 4 hours. For 64% and 30% older people surveyed in Mhanga, and Mwatasi respectively, travel is the key barrier to accessing healthcare, where by contrast, in Kidabaga the user fee was found to be the main constraint. Due to lack of transport, older farmers have limited livelihood opportunities and depend on traders who come to the villages. Nevertheless, the influx of boda-bodas (motor cycles), particularly in Kidabaga and Mwatasi, has significantly improved the mobility of older people, especially in the provision of emergency transport, despite the high fares. The paper identifies policy and gaps to improve rural transport services for vulnerable people with poor mobility and physical disability in sub-Saharan Africa. | |||
| Transport Rural et Argriculture | Fiche d'Information | SLoCaT | 2015 | Il est essentiel d'augmenter la production agricole pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD), en particulier pour éliminer la pauvreté (ODD1), assurer la sécurité alimentaire (ODD2) et donner aux individus les moyens de vivre une vie saine (ODD3). Pour répondre à la demande prévue, la production alimentaire mondiale doit augmenter de 60% d'ici 2050 par rapport aux niveaux de 2005-2007. Environ 2,5 milliard de personnes tirent leur moyens de subsistance de l'agriculture, et pour beaucoup de pays en développement (PED) le secteur agricole représente plus de 30% du produit intérieur brut (PIB).1. Cette Fiche d'information présente l'importance du transport rural dans l'agriculture et sur le developement ainsi que divers stratégies pour l'améliorer. | ||
| Rural Transport and Agriculture Factsheet | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2015 | Increased agricultural production is critically important to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly for ending poverty (SDG1), achieving food security (SDG2) and ensuring healthy lives (SDG3). Global food production must increase 60% from 2005-2007 levels by 2050 to meet projected demand. Roughly 2.5 billion people derive their livelihoods from agriculture, and in many developing countries the agricultural sector accounts for over 30% of gross domestic product (GDP).1. This Factsheet analyses the impact of rural road infrastructure and transport on agriculture and development. | ||
| Can South African road authorities satisfy constitutionally protected basic access needs without sacrificing economic growth? | Ross, D.;Townshend, M. | 2015 | This paper combines economic theory with GIS application to assess whether South African road authorities can satisfy constitutionally protected basic access needs without sacrificing economic growth. The trade-off between access to basic services for all citizens and economic growth is investigated, with particular attention to issues of constitutional obligations, quality of life, and the fundamental role of economic growth in poverty reduction. Based on Rawls's Theory of Justice and game theory arguments presented by Binmore, lexicographical priority is assigned to basic access roads. Following the definition of basic access roads and an investigation of the national demand profile, the extent of the potential basic access road network is estimated using primary and secondary schools as a proxy for service centres. | |||
| Sustainable Development and Low Volume Roads | University of Waterloo, Canada | Basu, D. | 2015 | ReCAP is pleased to present a first blog-post in a series on trends in the road sector that affect the development and implementation of low volume roads and rural transport services in Asia and Africa. This first blog is by Dr. Dipanjan Basu, who is an Assistant Professor at the University of Waterloo, Canada. The blog post covers the topic of sustainability in the roads sector and in particular the implications for the design and implementation of low volume roads. | ||
| Networked Transport services research : the Tanzania example | ReCAP | ReCAP | 2015 | In 2015, the Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) funded a cluster of collaborating projects in Tanzania, implemented by NGOs, to gain baseline information relating to rural passenger and freight services, their appropriateness, costs and safety. The studies identified the lack of conventional transport services (associated with poor road infrastructure) and a rapidly increasing use of motorcycles for passenger and freight transport services. While the costs per tonne-kilometre or passenger-kilometre of motorcycle taxis are two to four times higher than conventional services, they provide a vital service that is greatly appreciated by rural people, including older persons and women. | ||
| A New Approach for Upgrading Gravel Roads to a Low Volume Sealed Standard Based on the Use of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer | Pinard, M. I.;Paige-Green, P.;Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2015 | A New Approach for Upgrading Gravel Roads to a Low Volume Sealed Standard Based on the Use of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer. Presentation of the DCP Method, its strengths and weaknesses. | |||
| Low volume roads with neat sand bases | Paige-Green, P.;Pinard, M. I.;Netterberg, F. | 2015 | A follow up to a presentation made at the 10th LVR Conference in Orlando, discussing the additional work and investigations into roads with neat sand bases, including some where neat sands appeared to be successful. | |||
| An alternative philosophy on the deterioration and design of low volume roads | Paige-Green, P. | 2015 | The performance of paved roads is generally assessed in terms of riding quality and rut depth with failure being assumed at various terminal conditions depending on the category of road. The extent of the road affected by this terminal condition also depends on the road category. On this basis, the road will be deemed to have failed when the rut depth over 20 or 50% (Category C and D respectively) of the road exceeds 20 mm and/or the riding quality exceeds 4.6 or 5.1 m/km respectively. Two considerations come into play when assessing the performance of low volume roads near their terminal condition. Firstly, as long as the pavement surfacing is still intact (i.e. not too many un-repaired potholes), the road will always provide a better service/riding quality and lower vehicle operating cost than the equivalent unpaved road. Secondly, the mode of failure of conventional roads is the cumulative permanent deformation (rutting) of the road under heavy axle loads. Low volume roads usually have few heavy loads, the majority of which often occur during the dry season, and traffic induced rutting is minimal – the majority of rutting is a result of early compaction of the layers due to lower densities achieved in the pavement layers during construction. Of greater consequence with these roads is the effect of a few overloaded vehicles (particularly during wet weather or when drainage maintenance has been neglected) causing large strains (or even isolated shear failures) in the layers. These roads, however, are usually still perfectly fit-for-purpose (after localised repairs) and often do not deteriorate further with time, even with minimal surfacing maintenance. Conventional mechanistic empirical analyses carried out on these roads either severely over- or underestimate their structural capacity, with many still providing adequate surface after 20 or more years. More use of the in situ shear strength in designing such roads is thus proposed. This paper discusses different philosophies in designing and predicting the carrying capacity of such low volume roads. | |||
| A Methodology for increasing the Use of Locally Available Materials for Road Construction in Ethiopia by allowing for Climate Variations | TRL Ltd.; Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Otto, A.;Endale, A. | 2015 | Presentation explaining how and why standards for the use of locally available materials that currently do not meet the criteria for use in roads were explored and developed. | ||
| Developments in Low Volume Roads Technology : Challenging Conventional Paradigms | - | Pinard, M. I.;Paige-Green, P.;Hongve, J. | 2015 | Low volume roads are an essential and integral component of the road system in all, particularly developing, countries where their importance extends to all aspects of the economic and social development of rural communities. Most of the current investment in new road projects involves upgrading these unsealed rural roads to a sealed standard. However, the design of this type of road is a challenging task in that: - Pavements may be constructed using non-standard materials which may, nevertheless, be “fit for purpose”; - Geometric design standards may need to be “relaxed” in appropriate circumstances without undue increase in risk to road users; - The deterioration of these roads is primarily driven by environmental factors wit traffic load being a lesser factor; - Environmental issues often result in increased costs; - Conventional economic analysis often cannot justify the investment of public funds in the construction and maintenance of these roads. The above characteristics challenge conventional engineering in a variety of ways which require a delicate balance to be struck between controlling both traffic and environmental deterioration at the least life cycle cost and with finely balanced risk factors whose complete removal would be too costly. In so doing, it has become necessary to adopt an “environmentally optimized” approach to design in which a variety of road environment factors must be addressed in an appropriate manner. This paper provides examples of relatively recent developments in low volume roads technology that allow such roads to be provided in a more affordable and sustainable manner than hitherto, and without incurring unmanageable risk for road users or the agencies that provide them. The paper concludes that a paradigm shift in thinking is required to move away from the conservative, and often inappropriate, approaches of the past to more progressive approaches informed by research-based evidence. | ||
| Local resource Solutions to Problematic Rural Roads Access in Lao PDR | Roughton International | Gillett, S.;Kelly, K.;Mitchell, J. | 2015 | 13 Short surfacing/pavement trial sections were constructed on 7 different LVR under SEACAP 17 in North-western Lao PDR. These roads were notable for their Low Traffic Volumes (roads carrying 43--210 vehicles per day excluding motorbikes) and Low Axle Loads (motorbikes, tok tok and small number of cars and light trucks | ||
| Environmentally Optimised Design for Low Volume District Roads in Tanzania | Juma, S.;Kelly, K. | 2015 | Tanzania district roads network comprises of about 56,000 km of unpaved roads. Lightly trafficked, these are most frequently used by cyclists, motorbikes and cars. Short trial sections were built on two roads in Tanzania – in Bagomoyo and Siha. This presentation illustrated the techniques used in order to draw conclusion on the best ways ton implement low-cost solutions for surfacing district roads to allow year-round. access. | |||
| The supporting Role of Knowledge Management in Research Organisations | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Heerden, M. van | 2015 | This Presentation highlights the importance of Knowledge Management in research organisations for meeting their strategic objectives. It also various KM tools and techniques and how these can be used to better an organisation's overall performance. | ||
| Tanzania Motorcycle Taxi Rider Training: Assessment and Development of Appropriate Training Curriculum | Final Report - Annexes B-K | Transaid | TRANSAID | 2015 | Between December 2014 and April 2015, Transaid, working closely with key stakeholders in Tanzania, have developed an appropriate training curriculum for motorcycle taxi riders. The Final Report and the Final Curriculum (Annex A) are published in separate documents. This document contains the Final Report Annexes B to K. | |
| Tanzania Motorcycle Taxi Rider Training: Assessment and Development of Appropriate Training Curriculum | Annex A: Competency-based Curriculum for Training Motorcycle and Tricycle Riders | Transaid | TRANSAID | 2015 | Between December 2014 and April 2015, Transaid, working losely with key stakeholders in Tanzania, have developed an appropriate training curriculum for motorcycle taxi riders. This annex contains the final developed curriculum. | |
| Tanzania Motorcycle Taxi Rider Training: Assessment and Development of Appropriate Training Curriculum | Final Report | Transaid | TRANSAID | 2015 | Between December 2014 and April 2015, Transaid, working closely with key stakeholders in Tanzania, have developed an appropriate training curriculum for motorcycle taxi riders (for the full curriculum see annex A). This AFCAP-funded programme began by gathering and assessing any existing motorcycle training curricula to identify any gaps that need to be addressed. It was vital that the development of the training curriculum had strong support from the relevant training schools and regulatory authorities as well as feeding in valuable input from the motorcycle taxi riders themselves and addressing the needs of passengers. To ensure this key stakeholder input and support, SUMATRA and the Traffic Police (see Annex B for letter of support) were engaged from the very start and the project team conducted interviews with Driving Schools and regulatory authorities. Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated; one in Bagamoyo, which focused on gathering input from boda boda riders, owners and passengers for the curriculum and one in Dar es Salaam that focused on gaining feedback and input from the key regulatory authorities and ministries. This final report details the outcomes from these activities as well as presenting the final developed curriculum, proposed next steps and proposals for licensing, testing and training. | |
| 11th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa (CAPSA) 16-19 August 2015 | Conference Report | Pinard, M. I. | 2015 | The Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa (CAPSA) has been held every 4 years since 1969 and is generally acknowledged as a premier event in the field of flexible pavement engineering. The 11th conference was held at Sun City, Pilanesberg, South Africa on 16-19 August 2015. The conference theme was "Innovation for Quality and Value". In addition to providing general information on the conference, the main purpose of this report is to summarise the outcome of the session on low volume roads convened by AFCAP and featuring three papers by AFCAP supported delegates. | ||
| Annex 6: Course Evluation Forms - Training on the Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi, Ref: AFCAP/MAL/134/A, Workshop Evaluation | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | The training course was conducted with 17 participants from 1st – 3rd April 2014 at Livingstonia Lodge in Senga Bay, and on 4th April at the Central Materials Laboratory in Lilongwe for demonstration of the Laboratory DN test to determine the suitability of imported material as the new road base. The participants were trained in the background and principles of the DCP Design Method as well as in other important aspects for cost effective design of LVSR. At the end of the course they are deemed to have achieved an intermediate competency level. The DCP Design Method introduces several techniques that engineers take time and practice to become fully familiar and conversant with. More training and guidance is therefore needed before they are able to undertake a full DCP design on their own (Annex 6 - Course Evaluation Forms) | |||
| Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Design Review and Training Report | Pinard, M. I.;Hongve, J. | 2014 | The design review has highlighted various shortcomings in the preliminary designs which need to be addressed by the design consultants before they are included in the tender documents. It is therefore recommended that further vetting of the final designs should be undertaken by the AFCAP consultants | ||
| Training on the Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Training Report | Hongve, J.;Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | Malawi is at the forefront in Africa in the adoption of the DCP Design Method for upgrading of gravel and earth roads to a Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) standard and is one of the first countries in the southern African region to have formally recognized the method as an alternative to the traditional CBR based design method. The Malawi DCP Design Manual was completed in 2013, but the local consulting industry needs to be trained to apply the design method as documented in the manual. To this end a one week course was commissioned through AFCAP to train Roads Authority staff and project staff from a locally based consulting firm, Royal Associates, which has been awarded a design contract for five Low Volume Sealed Roads totaling 40 km under the World Bank-funded ASWap Project. | ||
| Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Report on Training of Junior Trainer Estimé Mukandila | Pinard, M. I.;Hongve, J. | 2014 | As part of their Terms of Reference (T0R) for the Malawi DCP Design Review and Training project, the Senior Trainers are required to prepare a separate assessment report for the Junior Trainer currently under the Train the Trainer programme, including recommendations on further training/exposure and any aspects requiring particular attention In accordance with the requirements of the ToR, this report presents an assessment of the Junior Trainer's competence in DCP design technology in the broader context of the related requirements that must be considered for designing a low volume sealed road. To this end, the report: • reviews the Junior Trainer's background experience in DCP design technology • comments on his experience gained from the Malawi project • assesses his overall competence in DCP/LVSR technology, and • makes recommendations on further training/exposure in aspects of DCP/LVSR technology | ||
| Presentations: Agricultural Sector-Wide Approach Support Project (ASWAP-SP) Malawi | Design principles for evaluation of ASWAP-SP Road Projects | Pinard, M. I.;Hongve, J.;Mukandila, E. | 2014 | Design principles for evaluation of ASWAP-SP Roads Project; Discussions of Geometric Standards & Surfacing Options on Low Volume Sealed Roads; Review of Materials investigation; Site Visit Feedback by AFCAP team; Review of Materials Investigation | ||
| AFCAP-UNESCO AWE Presentation - A route from Research to Practise | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N.;Geddes, R. | 2015 | An Overview of the AFCAP Programme, its guiding principles and strategy. Examples of research projects and methods used to develop local research capacity. | ||
| Le Transport Rural et le Developement Durable | Fiche Resume | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2015 | L'année 2015 sera décisive pour déterminer la stratégie globale de développement durable jusqu'en 2030. L'assemblée générale de l'Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) est censée adopter en septembre 2015 les Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD), et pour la première fois, le transport durable est inclus dans la stratégie, au travers de différents points des 17 ODD. Cependant, les besoins en matière de développement du transport rural et de l'accès aux régions rurales ne sont pas af_chés de façon prééminente dans les propositions d'ODD, ce qui occulte la contribution directe de l'amélioration de l'accès rural à l'atteinte de certains ODD:• ODD1 : Mettre fin à la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout.• ODD2 : Mettre fin à la faim dans le monde, arriver à procurer une sécurité alimentaire ainsi qu'une amélioration de la nutrition,et promouvoir l'agriculture durable.• ODD3 : Garantir une vie saine et le bien-être de tous et pour tous les âges.• ODD4 : Garantir un égal accès à une éducation de qualité, et promouvoir des opportunités d'apprentissage tout au long de la vie.• ODD5 : Promouvoir l'égalité des sexes et l'autonomisation des femmes.• ODD6 : Garantir un accès égal et durable à l'eau et aux installations sanitaires à tous.• ODD7 : Garantir un accès à l'énergie renouvelable.• ODD8 : Promouvoir une croissance économique durable et solidaire, le plein emploi dans des conditions de travail décentes pour tous.• ODD9 : Construire des infrastructures dans la durée, promouvoir une industrialisation durable et solidaire et encourager l'innovation | |
| AFCAP Representation at the 11th TRB Low Volume Roads Conference 2015 | Final Report | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N.;Visser, C. | 2015 | The report summaries the observations and comments of the AfCAP delegation to the 11th TRB International Conference on Low-Volume Roads, held on 12-15 July 2015 in Pittsburgh, United States. A delegation of eight researchers and two members of the ReCAP Project Management Unit participated in the conference, which features six AfCAP papers. The objectives of the AfCAP participation were largely met. It was clear from the conference that commonalities and differences exist in the views and approaches to provision of LVR, particularly between the US and developing countries. Recommendations following AfCAP participation in the conference focus on strengthening links with institutes and programs in Latin- America and other developing countries. | |
| A Route from Research into Practice | Outcomes of AFCAP Phase 1 | ReCAP PMU | Leta, N.;Geddes, R. | 2015 | This presentation summaries the AFCAP Phase 1 programme (2008-2014): its set up, theory of change, typical research projects, the development of design standards and capacity building activities. Its conclusions address the positive impacts of the programme in terms of partner buy-in, acceptance of new approaches through demonstrations, cost-reductions achieved, embedment of research results in national standards. | |
| AfCAP General Leaflet 2015 | ReCAP PMU | ReCAP PMU | 2015 | This leaflet describes the rationale, objectives and approach of the Africa Community Access Partnership. It highlights key activities and achievements in Africa, such as improving access to emergency health transport, cost reductions in the construction and management of rural roads, assisting farmers to access markets, to mention a few. | ||
| Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | For Commune Level (Vietnamese language version) | Ministry of Transport, Vietnam | Ministry of Transport, Vietnam | 2003 | An English language version of this document is available. For many recent years, the transport sector promoted the development programme of rural and mountainous roads on the basis of joint effort between Government and local people. This is a very important programme in terms of socio-economic development. Rural area accounts for 90% of the country area and 80% of the country population. This area has great potential of agriculture, forestry and fishery. Currently the total length of the local road network is 190,781 km, including 18,344 km of provincial roads, 37,974 km of district roads and 134,463 km of commune roads. Despite the efforts in rural road development, the road network is still in low standard: only 44% of provincial roads, 15% of district roads and 10% of commune roads are paved with bituminous or concrete surface, and the remaining are gravel or earth roads. The bridge and culvert network on rural roads are in poor condition and some roads are blocked in wet season. In order to resolve the above problems, it is crucial for the MoT to provide technical guidance and assistance for local authorities in maintenance of roads. This is an important task in addition to the rationalisation of management structure for rural roads, improvement of traffic safety and fund raising. | |
| Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | For Commune Level (English language version) | Ministry of Transport, Vietnam | Ministry of Transport, Vietnam | 2003 | A Vietnamese language version of this document is available. For many recent years, the transport sector promoted the development programme of rural and mountainous roads on the basis of joint effort between Government and local people. This is a very important programme in terms of socio-economic development. Rural area accounts for 90% of the country area and 80% of the country population. This area has great potential of agriculture, forestry and fishery. Currently the total length of the local road network is 190,781 km, including 18,344 km of provincial roads, 37,974 km of district roads and 134,463 km of commune roads. Despite the efforts in rural road development, the road network is still in low standard: only 44% of provincial roads, 15% of district roads and 10% of commune roads are paved with bituminous or concrete surface, and the remaining are gravel or earth roads. The bridge and culvert network on rural roads are in poor condition and some roads are blocked in wet season. In order to resolve the above problems, it is crucial for the MoT to provide technical guidance and assistance for local authorities in maintenance of roads. This is an important task in addition to the rationalisation of management structure for rural roads, improvement of traffic safety and fund raising. | |
| SEACAP 15 - Community Participation in Rural Transport | Contribution and Participation Issues in Vietnam - Final Report (Vietnamese language version) | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | An English language version of this document is available. The main research objective of SEACAP 15 study was to assess the kind and range of all the contributions (for transport and others) paid by local people and their impact on local livelihoods. In addition, we were required to look at the role of local community participation in rural transport, and to propose recommendations to improve participation of local people and increase local employment opportunities in rural transport development. It should be emphasised that this study was meant to provide a deeper understanding on issues related to contribution and community participation in rural transport rather than to present findings that would statistically represent the rural transport situation on contribution and participation issues in Vietnam. The research methodology applied for the SEACAP 15 study was qualitative in nature. Field research was carried out in Loan My and Hoa Hiep communes in Vinh Long province, and Tat Thang and Vinh Tien communes in Phu Tho province (see map in Appendix 3). | |
| Research into the Role of the Private Sector in Rural Transport | SEACAP 14 - Final Report - Volume 2 - Attachments (Vietnamese language version) | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | An English language version of this document is available. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Terms 1. Notes 2. Documents and references 3.1 Work Completed by February 2005 3.2 Comparison of plan in the Technical Proposal with activities implemented/conducted 3.3 Records of main items in consultations 3.3.A Presentation of Inception Report September 3.3.B Questionnaire for Consultation with PDOTS, Contractors and Consultants at the four provinces 3.3.C SEACAP 14 Presentation at Roundtable Workshop November 4 3.3.D SEACAP 14 Workshop November 23 to discuss Findings and probable recommendations 4.1 People Consulted – by province 4.2 Feedback from Provinces Summary 5.1 Diagram of MOT Agencies – Organisation Chart 5.2.A Organisation Chart for Project Implementation Provincial Roads Improvement Project –PMU5 ADB Project 5.2.B Disbursement Chart for Civil work 6. Framework of Procurement and Implementation 7. Data tables 8. List of Key Laws and Decrees 9.1 Comments on Capacity, from Interviews 9.2 Comparisons of Private Sector and SOE 10. Ways of mobilising fund and accessing credit 11. Matrix of previous recommendation and comments from SEACAP 14 12. Recommendations responding to issues in SEACAP 14, allocated to relevant GOV level and Agency 13. PowerPoint Presentation of the Study 14. Additional Areas – Section 6 of TOR 15. Comments by Stakeholders on SEACAP 14 Presentation and Draft Final Report. | |
| Research into the Role of the Private Sector in Rural Transport | SEACAP 14 Final Report, Volume 1, Executive Summary & Main Report (Vietnamese language version) | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | An English language version of this document is available. The study concludes that private enterprises are ready, and the legal environment adequate, to see an increased role for the private sector in rural transport. There remain problems of legal compliance, which are symptomatic of local cartel arrangements (“managed markets”), and unclear delineation of state management and commercial roles. The RT market is small, typically around 20 billion VND per province. About half of all contracts are arranged through limited bidding or appointments, with favouritism to SOEs and ex-SOEs. Local collusive practices sustain inefficient enterprises and hinder expansion to other areas. PS enterprises are also constrained by low margins, illegal payments (“leakage” is reportedly around 30% of contract value), late payments and financing costs. Nevertheless, PS enterprises are growing in the relatively more favorable regulatory environment, and as high levels of growth and investment is sustained. There is generally adequate capacity, diversity and mobility of PS contractors and consultants, and PS expertise is developing faster than government capacity. The fundamental challenge for PS agents, including service operators, is how to break into managed markets. | |
| Module TOT7: Practice (Adult) Training | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Completing this module you will be able: - To organise effectively practice activities for adult training. | |
| Module TOT6: Group Discussion | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Completing this module you will be able: - To organise effectively group discussion in adult training. | |
| Module TOT5: Lecturing and Explanation Techniques | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Objectives Completing this module you will be able: To apply effectively lecturing and explanation techniques in adult training. | |
| Module TOT4: Class arrangement | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Objective Completing this module you will be able to: Successfully arrange classroom meet different adult training purposes. | |
| Module TOT2: Adult Training | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Objective Completing this module you will be able: - To identify who are the adult learners - To distinct the main differences between adult learning (andragogy) and children learning (pedagogy). | |
| Module TOT3: Training facilities | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Objective Completing this module you will be able: - To apply effectively popular teaching equipment and facilities: board and chalk, flipcharts, overhead projector (OHP), TV and video player for training film. | |
| Module TOT1 : Modular Training Approach and Review | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Objective Completing this module you will be able: - To Identify approaches and main features of training module - To define the structure and components of a training module - To disseminate modular training. | |
| Case Study of Dak Lak RRST Pavement and Surface Deterioration | SEACAP 24 - PPT (Vietnamese language version) | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R.;Dzung, B. T. | 2008 | An English language version of this document is available. SEACAP 24 is concerned primarily with research into the premature failure of two RRST-II trial roads in Dak Lak province – Boun Ho and Ea Soup. The objective as defined in the ToR is, “…. to understand the causes of the unexpected deterioration ….. in order to reduce the risk of recurrence in the future”. The two roads Buon Ho and Ea Soup were constructed as part of the RRST-II programme between March and the end of June 2006. By the end December 2006 both roads were showing signs of very significant deterioration – although as regards Ea Soup in a distinct area only. | |
| Module Matrix Diagram | SEACAP 11- National training program on Rural Road Management (Vietnamese language version) | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | An English language version of this document is available. Diagram Matrix of Training of Trainer (TOT) Modules and actual Training Modules for Rural Road Maintenance Management Training based on Vietnam MOT Commune Road Maintenance Handbook. | |
| Case Study of Dak Lak RRST Pavement and Surface Deterioration - Buon Ho Road | SEACAP 24 (Vietnamese language version) | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | An English language version of this document is available. Shortly after its completion in 2006 the Buon Ho RRSR trial road in Dak Lak Province was reported to have suffered rapid deterioration on some sections. These trial sections of the Buon Ho road were designed with four different pavement options based on existing Commune Class A standards and the research guidelines developed for the RRSR programme. It was reported by local sources that uncontrolled heavy vehicle traffic had started to use the Buon Ho trial road almost immediately after completion and that rapid deterioration of the pavement had then taken place and continued until, by late 2007, the condition had deteriorated to such an extent in some places that most of this traffic opted not to use the road. An investigation contract was agreed between SEACAP/DfID and TRL Ltd and their Associates in September 2007 and a programme of field investigations undertaken which included desk studies; walkover surveys; inspection pits; in situ testing; laboratory testing and traffic analysis. | |
| Case Study of Dak Lak RRST Pavement and Surface Deterioration - Ea Soup Road | SEACAP 24 (Vietnamese language version) | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | An English language version of this document is available. Principal Report Conclusions: 1. The pavement design was suitable for Commune Road A traffic. 2. Some sections of the road were constructed with materials that were out-of-specification but even so the as-built condition was generally suitable for Commune Road A traffic although some sections would have required periodic maintenance during a 10-year design life. 3. The primary cause of initial road failure in the section km 2.7 to 3.9 has been the saturation and weakening of the pavement in that area caused by a combination of leakage from an adjacent elevated irrigation ditch and the lack of any side drainage. 4. If it is the intention to retain Ea Soup as a Commune Road it will be necessary to reconstruct the road pavement between km 2.7 and km 3.8 together with an adequate crown height and associated side drainage to counter the potential influence of the elevated irrigation ditch. 5. There were other smaller areas of pavement along the road that should also be repaired. 6. The nature of the traffic using this road should be monitored and if heavy vehicles are using it on a regular basis, steps should be taken either to restrict their access or strengthen the Penetration Macadam surfaced pavement with an additional structural overlay. | |
| Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 9 - Remedial Measures: Construction Practice (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. CONTENTS 9.1 Spoil Management • 9.2 Cut and Fill Slopes • 9.3 Drainage • 9.4 Wall Construction • 9.5 Site Safety. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 8 Remedial Measures: Design, 8.5 and 8.6 Retaining Walls (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Part 2 – Retaining walls 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 9) Reinforced soil walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6). | |
| Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management - Theme 8 Remedial Measures: Design | 8.3 Cross Section Design, 8.4 Earthworks Design, (including 8.7 slope drainage) (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Part 1 - Slopes 1) Overview of basic soil mechanics (Introduction), 2) Soil Slope stability analysis (Theme 8.1). • why slopes fail, • failure shapes • how each is analysed • Use of slope stability analysis programs. • Forward and back analysis to diagnose problems. 3) Rock Slope stability (Theme 8.2) 4) Cross section design (Theme 8.3) 5) Earthworks design • new cuttings and embankments (Theme 8.4) • Remedial works to improve stability (Theme 8.4) Part 2 – Retaining walls 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 9) Reinforced soil walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6). | |
| Theme 8.2 - Remedial Measures: Design | 8.2 – Rock Slope Stability Assessment (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Rock Slope Stability – Why Bother? • Steeper Slopes = Less Excavation Cost • Rock slope failures on a road can result in: - Possible injury or loss of life - Additional cost of removing material - Disruption to traffic / communication - Expensive remedial works. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 8 Remedial Measures: Design, 8.1 Slope stability analysis (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Part 1 - Slopes 1) Overview of basic soil mechanics (Introduction), 2) Soil Slope stability analysis (Theme 8.1). • why slopes fail, • failure shapes • how each is analysed • Use of slope stability analysis programs. • Forward and back analysis to diagnose problems. 3) Rock Slope stability (Theme 8.2) 4) Cross section design (Theme 8.3) 5) Earthworks design • new cuttings and embankments (Theme 8.4) • Remedial works to improve stability (Theme 8.4) Part 2 – Retaining walls 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 9) Reinforced soil walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6). | |
| SEACAP 21 Landslide Management Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 7 Remedial Measures: Selection of Options (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Landslide Management Procedural steps • Use of Slope and Roadside Inspections to Identify Slope Problems (Theme 4) • Use of Slope and Roadside Assessments to Diagnose the Problems (Theme 4) • Assess the Level of Hazard and Risk Posed by each Problem to the Operation and Stability of the Road and Adjacent Features (houses etc.) and Prioritise Accordingly (Theme 5) • Determine the Need for Engineering Geological Investigation and Carry out if Necessary (Theme 6) • Review and Select Remedial Options. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management to Laos Practitioners | Theme 6 Engineering Geological Assessments, 6.1 – Topographic survey (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Topography and Landforms • Compass traverse – easy, quick, imprecise. Errors in this is normally of the orders of metres. Useful for rapid geological or geomorphological assessments. • Theodolite / Levelling or EDM Survey – relatively easy to complete. Becomes time consuming in areas without good lines of sight. Precision is in the order of mm in X, Y and Z directions. • Digital photogrammetry – expensive but can cover large areas in relatively short periods and provide good. Added benefit of having aerial photographs for interpretation. • LiDAR / Laser scanning – laser distance measurement. A powerful survey method that can be employed on the ground or be airbourne. Normally will give precision in the order of mm, BUT can have large errors in heavily vegetated terrains. • Airbourne / Satellite based remote sensing – good for large areas but generally scans vegetation surfaces and is of limited use for landslide investigations. | |
| SEACAP 21 Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management – Hazard and Risk Assessment | Theme 5 - Slope Instability Hazard and Risk Assessment (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Landslide Hazard • A landslide hazard is a slope failure or slope movement that has the potential to cause damage. It is defined by: • Size and depth of failure • Frequency and speed of movement Landslide Risk • Landslide risk is the actual or expected loss caused by a landslide hazard occurring. It Is defined by: • Landslide hazard • Location of the hazard in relation to the road (above, below or through • The vulnerability of the road structures to damage • Their combined value • Other related costs ( maintenance costs, traffic delays & social costs). | |
| SEACAP 21: Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management to Lao Practitioners | Theme 5 - Slope Instability Hazard and Risk - Addendum (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. ‘Simple' Definition of Landslide Hazard and Risk • Landslide hazard defines the potential of a landslide to cause damage over a given time, for example the life of a road • Landslide risk defines the potential or actual losses that might result as a result of these landslide hazards occurring. These losses are usually measured in economic terms, but social losses (injury/fatality and loss of livelihood) can also occur. | |
| SEACAP 21 Practitioner Training | Theme 4 - Slope and Roadside Inspections and Assessments (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Routine Inspections • Three times a year; before, during and after the wet season • Emergency inspections when problems first reported Detailed Inspections • Use of SMM figure 3-1 • Detailed inspection procedure. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Theme 2 Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | Theme 2.4 Engineering effects (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Engineering Effects • Cut Slopes • Fill Slopes • Spoil disposal • Retaining wall foundations • Road runoff. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Slope Stability Management | Theme 3 Introduction to Slope Stability Management (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Introduction to Slope Stability Management 3.1 Slope hazard mapping for route selection 3.2 Slope hazard inventory for roadside slope management 3.3 Engineering practice to minimise roadside slope stability hazards 3.4 Engineering mitigation of specific roadside slope stability hazards 3.5 Monitoring. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Theme 2 Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | Theme 2.3 – River & Stream Erosion (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. River Bank Erosion The factors controlling river bank erosion include: • The rate and amount of sediment supply • The rate and amount of water supply • The geology of the catchment area • Vegetation cover and land use in the catchment area. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Theme 2 Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | 2.2 – Climate and Rainfall (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Laos Climate – Main points • Tropical monsoon climate, with a pronounced rainy season from May through to October. • A cool dry season from November through February, and a hot dry season in March and April. • Generally, monsoons occur at the same time across the country, although that time may vary significantly from one year to the next. • Widespread, extreme rainfall often associated with typhoons tracking inland from South China Sea or Gulf of Thailand. | |
| SEACAP 21: Theme 2 - Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management – Hazard and Risk Assessment – to Laos Practitioners (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | An English language version of this document is available. Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos 2.1 Topography and Geology 2.2 Climate and Rainfall 2.3 River and Stream Erosion 2.4 Engineering Effects. | |
| Local Resource Solutions to Problematic Rural Roads Access in Lao PDR | SEACAP 17 - Module 1 - Main Report (Lao language version) | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2005 | An English language version of this document is available. The SEACAP 17 Project aims to identify cost-effective community orientated approaches for improving all year access to remote rural areas through a low-cost and local resource based improvement of roads. The trials will be undertaken as part of the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) funded Northern Economic Corridor (NEC) Project by way of trial sections on the access roads linking Route 3 with the outlying villages. Progress The main activities completed under Module 1 were the preparation of the trail pavement designs, specifications and cost estimates and the drafting of the data collection programme, training and dissemination strategies. The SEACAP designs were incorporated into the NEC standard bid documents and submitted to MCTPC in March 2005. MCTPC issued the invitation for bids on the 11th May 2005 with a bid closing date of 1st July 2005. Bids were submitted in two envelopes – technical and financial. The technical bids have been opened and are being evaluated. Prior to financial bid opening an addendum to incorporate the SEACAP trials is to be issued to the qualified bidders, who will resubmit their financial bids. | |
| SEACAP 21: Theme 1 - Types of Slope Instability Affecting the Laos Road Network | Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management – Hazard and Risk Assessment – to Laos Practitioners (Lao language version) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | This document is also available in an English language version. Landslide mechanism refers to the ‘geometry' of the surface(s) along with failure takes place. Landslides are generally classified according to whether they are: • Slides (failing on discrete surfaces) • Falls (detached material from steep slopes – frequent in cut slopes) • Flows (often fast moving movements containing high water content) Landslide mechanisms are usually determined by the materials involved: • Soil derived from in situ weathering of rock (varies between sand or clay, depending on parent material and degree of weathering) • Soil derived from downslope movement of material over time (colluvium) • Rock (not yet weathered to form a soil and stability is controlled by jointing pattern). | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 4, Edition 2 | Structures and Traffic Control Devices - Practical Guidelines for Rural Road Maintenance (Khmer language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2002 | NOTE: The illustrations have been omitted from this Khmer language version. They may be obtained from the English language version. This volume describes the maintenance of bridges (Part A), and traffic control devices (Part B). The objective of bridge maintenance is to keep the structures in sound condition and safe for traffic. Where a bridge spans a watercourse, the water must flow freely at all flood levels without damaging the bridge or the waterway. The objective of traffic control device maintenance is to keep all signs, guide posts, markings and barriers in a good condition so that they fulfil their function. This will keep road users informed and help to make their travel as safe as possible. PART A - BRIDGES Routine and Periodic Maintenance activities are described which can be carried out by a gang without specialist skills or equipment. Major structural repairs are beyond the scope of this handbook and require specific skills for identification and remedy. PART B - TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The necessary activities for cleaning, repair and replacement of traffic control devices are described. Details of the standard temporary signs required for road maintenance works are provided. | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 4, Edition 2 | Structures and Traffic Control Devices - Practical Guidelines for Rural Road Maintenance (English language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2006 | This volume describes the maintenance of bridges (Part A), and traffic control devices (Part B). The objective of bridge maintenance is to keep the structures in sound condition and safe for traffic. Where a bridge spans a watercourse, the water must flow freely at all flood levels without damaging the bridge or the waterway. The objective of traffic control device maintenance is to keep all signs, guide posts, markings and barriers in a good condition so that they fulfil their function. This will keep road users informed and help to make their travel as safe as possible. PART A - BRIDGES Routine and Periodic Maintenance activities are described which can be carried out by a gang without specialist skills or equipment. Major structural repairs are beyond the scope of this handbook and require specific skills for identification and remedy. PART B - TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES The necessary activities for cleaning, repair and replacement of traffic control devices are described. Details of the standard temporary signs required for road maintenance works are provided. Khmer, French, Spanish & Portuguese language versions of this document are available. | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 3, Edition 2 | Maintenance of Paved Roads - Practical Guidelines for Rural Road Maintenance (Khmer language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2002 | NOTE: The illustrations have been omitted from this Khmer language version. They may be obtained from the English language version. Each Part A, B, C, and D describes tasks concerning exclusively paved roads. Roads of that category have been given a surface course, generally containing bitumen or tar, because of their importance and their higher traffic. Maintenance of the paved surface has the following objectives: • To maintain the impermeability of the road surface, preventing water penetrating the surface or edge of the road pavement and weakening the pavement layers or foundation. • To retain or renew the road surface quality and therefore good riding and safety conditions. PART A - GENERAL REPAIRS PART B - SURFACE DRESSING (MECHANISED) PART C - RESEALING OPTIONS PART D - THIN OVERLAYS. | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 3, Edition 2 | Maintenance of Paved Roads - Practical Guidelines for Rural Road Maintenance (English language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2006 | Each Part A, B, C, and D describes tasks concerning exclusively paved roads. Roads of that category have been given a surface course, generally containing bitumen or tar, because of their importance and their higher traffic. Maintenance of the paved surface has the following objectives: • To maintain the impermeability of the road surface, preventing water penetrating the surface or edge of the road pavement and weakening the pavement layers or foundation. • To retain or renew the road surface quality and therefore good riding and safety conditions. PART A - GENERAL REPAIRS PART B - SURFACE DRESSING (MECHANISED) PART C - RESEALING OPTIONS PART D - THIN OVERLAYS. Khmer, French, Spanish & Portuguese language versions of this document are available. | |
| Review of Design Standards and Maintenance Guidelines for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia, AFCAP/ETH/111 | Final Report | Cardno IT Transport | Taylor, G.;Araya, A. A. | 2013 | The main recommendations of the Review are: • In order to increase awareness and use of the LVR Manual, there should be a major launch once they have been updated. • The organisation of the Manual into the various Parts should be reviewed to establish whether there could be more clarity and less risk of duplications and inconsistencies with a different division of the topics. (This particularly relates to Parts B and D.) • There needs to be even stronger enforcement of the LVR standards if their benefits are to be fully realised. • Summaries of some sections of the LVR Manual should be made into small pocket book guides in local languages. This is particularly important for routine maintenance and other activities that will be the primary responsibility of the woredas and the communities. • Corrective action will be required for URRAP roads with no camber and lacking check dams in steep sections of side drains in erodible soils. These are some of the points that are already in the LVR Manual but that warrant greater emphasis. • A full list of other suggestions for improvements to the LVR Manual is given in Annex 5. | |
| AFCAP Inception Report (Final) | Approved Working Draft | Cardno Emerging Markets UK | Cardno Emerging Markets UK | 2015 | This inception report is focused on AFCAP. An inception report covering both AFCAP and ASCAP will be issued at the end of the nine-month period on 30th April 2015. This current report firstly describes the project's governance/management arrangements and the current status of implementation activities before describing the proposed draft strategies and procedures for the project. Finally, it gives a preliminary work programme and budget for the project period. | |
| Practical demonstration on provision of affordable access through road Maintenance, Spot Improvement and Upgrading interventions | Final Report | Clanview Civils; Intech Associates | Gongera, K.;Petts, R. C. | 2015 | There are considerable challenges facing rural communities in developing regions, not least of which is the lack of reliable road transport access throughout the year. With typically less than 20% (World Bank, 2008) of the classified road networks constructed to paved standards and with generally sub-optimal maintenance regimes, many communities suffer poor or severed unpaved access for long periods. Traditional maintenance techniques for these roads have normally been based on the use of motor graders for routine maintenance. Due to a range of factors these approaches are usually expensive and suffer from serious funding and operational constraints. Consequently, rural road networks often remain in poor condition. The practical demonstration was intended to offer the 7th African Technology Transfer Conference participants an opportunity to view a viable and proven alternative for affordable and sustainable maintenance of unpaved rural roads. Using an agriculture tractor and several low cost attachments to the tractor, routine road maintenance and a range of improvement activities can be achieved at relatively low cost by intermediate equipment. | |
| The magnitude and characteristics of road traffic injury in Kilolo District, Tanzania | Final Report | Amend | Bishop, T.;Malekela, G.;Matheka, D. | 2015 | This is the final report of the study into the magnitude and characteristics of road traffic injury on two low volume rural roads in Kilolo District, Tanzania. After providing the background to the study, the report details the study's three data collection activities: traffic counts, household surveys and motorcycle driver surveys, and then discusses their findings and implications. The motorcycle driver survey identified a far greater magnitude of crashes than the household survey, with higher numbers of crashes and greater severity. 24% of motorcycle drivers had been involved in a crash in the past three months, while only 1% of all household members had been involved in a crash in the past three months, rising to over 5% among household heads. For crashes identified through the motorcycle driver survey, the number of days of normal activity missed as a result of the crash was double that of the crashes identified through the household survey. The characteristics of all crashes – both those identified through the household survey and those identified through the motorcycle driver survey – are similar: involving young men with motorcycles, no training and no licences. The most common contributory factors were related to road user behaviour, the design and condition of the road, and environmental conditions. | |
| Opportunities to improve road safety through ‘boda-boda' associations in Tanzania | Final Report | Amend | Bishop, T.;Amos, P. | 2015 | This is the final report of the study into motorcycle taxi associations in Tanzania, identifying opportunities to improve safety and other areas of operation. The numbers of motorcycles and motorised tricycles in Tanzania has increased rapidly in recent years, changing the face of accessibility and mobility. In urban areas, both motorcycles and motorised tricycles are used to avoid congestion, often as taxis, and in rural areas motorcycles are often the only form of motorised transport available. They provide employment and business opportunities for tens of thousands of people. However, safety is a major concern: the numbers of motorcycle- and motorised tricycle related deaths and injuries has increased as the number of motorcycles and motorised tricycles operating in the country has increased. The Government has identified that opportunities exist to address safety concerns through regulation, including through encouraging the formation of associations of motorcycle and motorised tricycle taxi drivers, and empowering the associations to self-regulate and thus improve the safety-related behaviour of members. Through investigations in Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, Mwanza and Pwani, we have developed, and present in this report, a series of guidelines for motorcycle and motorised tricycle taxi associations and recommendations for Government and other stakeholders. | |
| Research Uptake | A guide for DFID-funded research programmes | Department for International Development (DFID), UK | Department for International Development (DFID), UK | 2013 | KEY MESSAGES Research uptake requires adequate supply of and demand for research. DFID-funded research programmes are expected to plan and implement a research uptake strategy. Research uptake strategies should encompass stakeholder engagement, capacity building, communication and monitoring and evaluation. | |
| Understanding and improving rural transport services | Report of a workshop held 21-23 April 2015 Bagamoyo, Tanzania | Tanzania Forum Group, International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Tanzania Forum Group;International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | 2015 | The workshop was attended by a total of 52 people, 37 from Tanzania and 15 drawn from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia and the United Kingdom. The focus of the workshop was on improving rural transport services. It was opened by Dr. Deo Mtasiwa, the Deputy Permanent Secretary, Prime Minister's Office Regional Administration and Local Government who underscored that rural access is more than constructing and maintaining rural roads but should be coupled with improvements to rural transport services. Results of a recent Tanzania research cluster supported by AFCAP were reported. Through presentations, a learning field visit, discussions in working groups and plenary sessions, participants identified key rural transport issues that can be taken forward through thematic or geographic research clusters. Key among the issues identified are: • Promotion of safety in motorcycle transport services • Adaptation of transport service regulations to make them more suitable for rural areas • Deepening knowledge on rural transport services performance through data collection • Promotion of good practices for load consolidation in agriculture, freight and passenger transport, • Community based emergency transport • Improvements to community paths and tracks and knowledge exchange between Africa and Asia regarding available rural transport technologies. An interdisciplinary approach to research and knowledge building was endorsed. | |
| Learning with Older People about their Transport and Mobility Problems in Rural Tanzania | Final Report | HelpAge | Tewodros, A. | 2015 | HelpAge conducted a study in Kidabaga, Mwatasi and Mhanga villages, Kilolo District, in Iringa region to build baseline data to promote and monitor mobility-focused interventions for rural older people. Three approaches were used to conduct the study: 1. Ten older people co-researchers were trained to shape the survey tools used in Kibaha ensuring it was suitable for the three villages 2. 13 Research Assistants led by four older peer researchers conducted household surveys with 358 older people to collect quantitative data 3. 31 key informants representing health professionals, village leaders and transport providers were interviewed to triangulate the survey data. The findings show that current access of older people to health services is substantially constrained by their poor access to transport services (affected both by cost and availability). Only Kidabaga has a clinic, while Mwatasi has a small dispensary, with no health facilities in Mhanga. Walking is the most common means of reaching health facilities by older people in all villages, with trip durations ranging from 15 minutes to over 4 hours. For 64% of older people surveyed in Mhanga, and for 30% of older people surveyed in Mwatasi, travel is the key barrier to accessing healthcare, where by contrast, in Kidabaga the user fee was found to be the main problem. | |
| Rural Transport and Sustainable Development | Fact Sheet | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2015 | Rural Transport and the new Sustainable Development Agenda 2015-2030 The year 2015 will be decisive in determining the global sustainable development architecture to 2030. The United Nations (UN) General Assembly meeting in September 2015 is expected to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and for the first time, sustainable transport is poised to be recognized in the architecture, through its contribution to several of the proposed 17 SDGs. However, the need for improved rural transport and enhanced rural access is not featured prominently in the proposed SDGs, which ignores the direct contribution of improved rural access to the achievement of several proposed SDGs: • SDG 1: End poverty in all forms everywhere • SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture • SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages • SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all • SDG 5: Achieve gender equality, empower all women and girls • SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable use of water and sanitation for all • SDG 7: Ensure sustainable energy for all • SDG 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all • SDG 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. | |
| Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the Post 2015 Sustainable Development Agenda | Inception Report | Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT) | SLoCaT | 2015 | The Inception Report for Promotion of Sustainable Rural Access in the Post 2015 Sustainable Development Agenda Report provides an overview of the activities, tasks and deliverables to be carried out under the project; the detailed implementation arrangements proposed by SLoCaT; and proposed schedule of deliverables against scheduled payments. | |
| Policy Advocacy to Enhance the Role of Rural Transport in the Sustainable Development Framework | Final Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P.;Tanzarn, N. | 2015 | This is the final report on the AFCAP-funded advocacy project to promote the role of transport in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. The aim was to ensure that in the remaining negotiations window, there is increased awareness to use the momentum to strengthen the rural transport related targets within the SDGs framework using an Africa stakeholder's process. A review of the Zero Draft of the SDGs Output Document was carried out. It presented an analysis of potential entry points through which transport related targets could be strengthened. The position paper and an accompanying letter of petition was widely publicised disseminated using multiple platforms and direct presentation in meetings. The position paper was used for engagements with transport Ministers in Botswana, Uganda and Ethiopia. It was also presented to Ministers in Kenya, Malawi and Ghana. A direct meeting with the African Union (AU) and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) was held. The position paper was also sent to the president of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the custodians of the SDG process. | |
| 7th Africa Transportation Technology Transfer (T2) Conference, Holiday Inn, Bulawayo | Report on Workshops supported by AFCAP | Civil Design Solutions (CDS), Africa | Geddes, R. | 2015 | Key resolutions include: • Promote public-private sector collaboration in knowledge creation, management and targeted dissemination to policy makers, practitioners and the general public in order to promote research uptake. • Continue research on innovations in the design and construction of rural roads in order to provide surfaced road access to more rural communities. • Resuscitate the RMI process in order to secure current gains in institutional development in the roads sector in Africa and to promote a paradigm shift in policy on road maintenance, particularly with regard to funding. • Implement monitoring and evaluation systems on development projects that are flexible enough to take into account the monitoring requirements at project level, nationally and for the Sustainable Development Goals. • Investigate the potential role of biomimicry technology in the provision of rural access. • Develop the linkages between road infrastructure and transport services, both of which are critical to improve access to markets, goods and services and are fundamental to the achievement of the SDGs. | |
| African Position Paper on the Role of Transport in the Sustainable Development Goals | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P.;Odero K. | 2014 | The process of negotiating a new international development framework to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's) is in its last phases. The Final Outcome Document on Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs] was presented to the UN General Assembly [UNGA] in September 2014. The transport sector community in Africa has expressed concern that the role of the sector has not been recognized in the 17 goals' framework, only getting marginal reference in Target 11.2 under Goal 11 on Cities and Human Settlements. In a regional meeting of transport sector stakeholders held in Nairobi from 19th to 20th May 2014 and organised by the International Forum for Rural Transport and Development [IFRTD], the Sub Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program [SSATP] and the African Community Access Programme [AFCAP] it was agreed that lobbying activities should be initiated to strengthen the position of transport in the SDG. It is currently recognised that the achievement of many of the MDGs and the respective targets has been dependent on the quality and reliability of transport. Africa, in particular, is one continent where spatial patterns of poverty, food insecurity, maternal health and child mortality highly correlate with remoteness and lack of transport. In almost all the 17 proposed Goals and related Targets there are multiple entry points to enhance the profile of transport in the post-2015 development framework, in particular considering the ‘facilitating' role of transport in human endeavours. | ||
| The magnitude and characteristics of road traffic injury in Kilolo District, Tanzania | Annexes to Final Report | Amend | Bishop, T.;Malekela, G.;Matheka, D. | 2015 | These are the annexes of the final report of the study into the magnitude and characteristics of road traffic injury on two low volume rural roads in Kilolo District, Tanzania. After providing the background to the study, the report details the study's three data collection activities: traffic counts, household surveys and motorcycle driver surveys, and then discusses their findings and implications. The motorcycle driver survey identified a far greater magnitude of crashes than the household survey, with higher numbers of crashes and greater severity. 24% of motorcycle drivers had been involved in a crash in the past three months, while only 1% of all household members had been involved in a crash in the past three months, rising to over 5% among household heads. For crashes identified through the motorcycle driver survey, the number of days of normal activity missed as a result of the crash was double that of the crashes identified through the household survey. The characteristics of all crashes – both those identified through the household survey and those identified through the motorcycle driver survey – are similar: involving young men with motorcycles, no training and no licences. The most common contributory factors were related to road user behaviour, the design and condition of the road, and environmental conditions. | |
| Overseas Road Note 31, 4th Edition | A Guide to the Structural Design of Bitumen Surfaced Roads in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Countries (Khmer language version) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2004 | This Road Note gives recommendations for the structural design of bituminous surfaced roads in tropical and subtropical climates. It is aimed at highway engineers responsible for the design and construction of new road pavements and is appropriate for roads which are required to carry up to 30 million cumulative equivalent standard axles in one direction. The design of strengthening overlays is not covered nor is the design of earth, gravel or concrete roads. Although this Note is appropriate for the structural design of flexible roads in urban areas, some of the special requirements of urban roads, such as the consideration of kerbing, sub-soil drainage, skid resistance, etc , are not covered. For the structural design of more heavily trafficked roads, the recommendations of this Note may be supplemented by those given in the guides for the design of bituminous pavements in the. United Kingdom (Powell et al (1984)) but these are likely to require some form of calibration or adaptation to take account of the conditions encountered in the tropics. An English language version of this document is available. | |
| Overseas Road Note 9, 2nd Edition | A design manual for small bridges (Khmer language version) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2003 | This manual offers highway engineers a comprehensive set of guidelines to assist and simplify the process of designing small bridges and culverts. These structures are an essential part of every road network. They are far more common than large bridges and are simpler to design and construct. For the purposes of the manual, 'small bridges' are defined as single or multispan structures with individual spans no more than 12m long, i.e. taking one span to bridge a two-lane highway with shoulders or two spans to bridge a dual carriageway. This document is also available in an English language version. | |
| Overseas Road Note 31, 4th Edition | A Guide to the Structural Design of Bitumen Surfaced Roads in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Countries (English language version) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2000 | This Road Note gives recommendations for the structural design of bituminous surfaced roads in tropical and subtropical climates. It is aimed at highway engineers responsible for the design and construction of new road pavements and is appropriate for roads which are required to carry up to 30 million cumulative equivalent standard axles in one direction. The design of strengthening overlays is not covered nor is the design of earth, gravel or concrete roads. Although this Note is appropriate for the structural design of flexible roads in urban areas, some of the special requirements of urban roads, such as the consideration of kerbing, sub-soil drainage, skid resistance, etc. , are not covered. For the structural design of more heavily trafficked roads, the recommendations of this Note may be supplemented by those given in the guides for the design of bituminous pavements in the. United Kingdom (Powell et al (1984)) but these are likely to require some form of calibration or adaptation to take account of the conditions encountered in the tropics. A Khmer language version of this document is available. | |
| Overseas Road Note 9, 2nd Edition | A design manual for small bridges (English language version) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2000 | This manual offers highway engineers a comprehensive set of guidelines to assist and simplify the process of designing small bridges and culverts. These structures are an essential part of every road network. They are far more common than large bridges and are simpler to design and construct. For the purposes of the manual, 'small bridges' are defined as single or multispan structures with individual spans no more than 12m long, i.e. taking one span to bridge a two-lane highway with shoulders or two spans to bridge a dual carriageway. This document is also available in a Khmer language version. | |
| Overseas Road Note 7, Volume 2, 1st Edition | Bridge Inspector's Handbook (Khmer language version) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2002 | In many developing countries there is a shortage of trained bridge engineers. Where this is so, other personnel must be used for routine bridge inspections, or the bridges are neglected and deteriorate. Using this handbook, a person with experience, but little formal technical training, such as a road maintenance supervisor, should be able to carry out routine bridge inspections on the majority of bridges. This handbook utilises an inspector's report form, which also provides a check list of items to be inspected. For each item, detailed but simple, advice is given on what to look for. Large or unusual bridges, such as suspension bridges, are beyond the scope of this handbook, and should therefore be inspected by an engineer. Both technical content and language have been simplified to make this handbook usable by people whose knowledge of engineering, and/or English, is not highly developed. It must be stressed that this handbook aims only to support and guide a suitable person in how to inspect a bridge on behalf of the engineer. The final responsibility must lie with the engineer. An English language version of this document is available. | |
| Overseas Road Note 7, Volume 2, 2nd Edition | Bridge Inspector's Handbook (English language version) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2004 | In many developing countries there is a shortage of trained bridge engineers. Where this is so, other personnel must be used for routine bridge inspections, or the bridges are neglected and deteriorate. Using this handbook, a person with experience, but little formal technical training, such as a road maintenance supervisor, should be able to carry out routine bridge inspections on the majority of bridges. This handbook utilises an inspector's report form, which also provides a check list of items to be inspected. For each item, detailed but simple, advice is given on what to look for. Large or unusual bridges, such as suspension bridges, are beyond the scope of this handbook, and should therefore be inspected by an engineer. Both technical content and language have been simplified to make this handbook usable by people whose knowledge of engineering, and/or English, is not highly developed. It must be stressed that this handbook aims only to support and guide a suitable person in how to inspect a bridge on behalf of the engineer. The final responsibility must lie with the engineer. A Khmer language version of this document is available. | |
| International Road maintenance Handbook, Volume 2, 3rd Edition | Unpaved Roads - Practical Guidelines for Rural Road Maintenance (English language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2006 | CONTENTS Each Part A, B, C, D, E, and F describes tasks concerning unpaved roads*. An unpaved road can be a track which has developed with use over a number of years or it can be a purpose built road that has a properly designed and engineered alignment, cross section and drainage. Earth roads are constructed using the natural soil found on the route. Gravel roads are surfaced with a layer of material which is stronger than the natural in situ soil. With proper maintenance, an unpaved road can provide a good level of service for traffic volumes up to several hundred vehicles per day. The two main purposes of maintenance are to repair or reduce the damage caused by the combination of the weather and traffic, and to provide a smooth passage for vehicles. The first objective of unpaved road maintenance is to keep the road in such a condition that it sheds water quickly. If the road does not shed water, the surface will become soft, and ruts and pot-holes will quickly appear. In this way earth roads can soon become impassable. Khmer, French, Spanish & Portuguese language versions of this document are available. | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 2, 2nd Edition | Unpaved Roads - Practical Guidelines for Rural Road Maintenance (Khmer language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2002 | NOTE: The illustrations have been omitted from this Khmer language version. They may be obtained from the English language version. CONTENTS Each Part A, B, C, D, E, and F describes tasks concerning unpaved roads. An unpaved road can be a track which has developed with use over a number of years or it can be a purpose built road that has a properly designed and engineered alignment, cross section and drainage. Earth roads are constructed using the natural soil found on the route. Gravel roads are surfaced with a layer of material which is stronger than the natural in situ soil. With proper maintenance, an unpaved road can provide a good level of service for traffic volumes up to several hundred vehicles per day. The two main purposes of maintenance are to repair or reduce the damage caused by the combination of the weather and traffic, and to provide a smooth passage for vehicles. The first objective of unpaved road maintenance is to keep the road in such a condition that it sheds water quickly. If the road does not shed water, the surface will become soft, and ruts and pot-holes will quickly appear. In this way earth roads can soon become impassable. | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 1, 3rd Edition | Maintenance of Roadside Areas and Drainage (English language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2006 | CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS WORKS MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY General guidelines are provided regarding management and safety of the maintenance operations. This volume also describes the maintenance of roadside areas and drainage. Although generally straightforward these operations are often neglected. They are, however, important and have the following objectives: • To minimise the safety risk to road users due to poor shoulders and slopes, poor visibility, grazing animals or fire hazard etc. • To ensure the stability of the road foundations. • To ensure that all rain and ground water is directed away from the road, and does not endanger its strength or stability. ROADSIDE AREAS Routine and Periodic Maintenance activities are described which keep the roadside areas in their intended and stable condition, and keep vegetation under control. Most of the tasks require labour, although some may be carried out by mechanised methods if the equipment is available. DRAINAGE The drainage system is the most important component of a highway or rural road, even in locations with only occasional rainfall. The Routine Maintenance of the drainage system of ditches, pipe drains, culverts and drifts is essential to preserve the road structure and running surface. Most of the activities can be carried out by labour methods. Khmer, French, Spanish & Portuguese language versions of this document are available. | |
| International Road Maintenance Handbook, Volume 1, 2nd Edition | Maintenance of Roadside Areas and Drainage (Khmer language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2002 | NOTE: The illustrations have been omitted from this Khmer language version. They may be obtained from the English language version. CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS WORKS MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY General guidelines are provided regarding management and safety of the maintenance operations. This volume also describes the maintenance of roadside areas and drainage. Although generally straightforward these operations are often neglected. They are, however, important and have the following objectives: • To minimise the safety risk to road users due to poor shoulders and slopes, poor visibility, grazing animals or fire hazard etc. • To ensure the stability of the road foundations. • To ensure that all rain and ground water is directed away from the road, and does not endanger its strength or stability. ROADSIDE AREAS Routine and Periodic Maintenance activities are described which keep the roadside areas in their intended and stable condition, and keep vegetation under control. Most of the tasks require labour, although some may be carried out by mechanised methods if the equipment is available. DRAINAGE The drainage system is the most important component of a highway or rural road, even in locations with only occasional rainfall. The Routine Maintenance of the drainage system of ditches, pipe drains, culverts and drifts is essential to preserve the road structure and running surface. Most of the activities can be carried out by labour methods. | |
| Overseas Road Note 3 (English language version) | A guide to surface dressing in tropical and sub-tropical countries (2nd Edition) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2000 | This Road Note is the 2nd edition of Overseas Road Note 3 'A guide to surface dressing in tropical and sub-tropical countries'. The revisions include descriptions of a wider range of types of surface dressing, current materials specifications and more detail on the use of bitumen emulsions. An equation has been introduced to allow the design spray rate to be calculated as an alternative to reading from a nomograph. A simplified presentation of spray rate adjustment factors, related to different site conditions, has also been provided. The durability of surface dressings, particularly for low volume roads, is discussed and additional spray rate adjustment factors have been suggested for these roads. The use of Otta seals has also been suggested for low volume roads. It is important that this Road Note, is not regarded as a specification. However, the advice contained in this Road Note together with local experience of relevant materials and surface dressing performance should be of value to those drawing up specifications. This document is also available in the Khmer language. | |
| Overseas Road Note 3 (Khmer Language version) | A guide to surface dressing in tropical and sub-tropical countries (2nd Edition) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2002 | This document is in the Khmer language. This Road Note is the 2nd edition of Overseas Road Note 3 'A guide to surface dressing in tropical and sub-tropical countries'. The revisions include descriptions of a wider range of types of surface dressing, current materials specifications and more detail on the use of bitumen emulsions. An equation has been introduced to allow the design spray rate to be calculated as an alternative to reading from a nomograph. A simplified presentation of spray rate adjustment factors, related to different site conditions, has also been provided. The durability of surface dressings, particularly for low volume roads, is discussed and additional spray rate adjustment factors have been suggested for these roads. The use of Otta seals has also been suggested for low volume roads. It is important that this Road Note, is not regarded as a specification. However, the advice contained in this Road Note together with local experience of relevant materials and surface dressing performance should be of value to those drawing up specifications. This document is also available in the English language. | |
| Overseas Road Note 2 (Khmer language version) | Maintenance techniques for District Engineers (2nd Edition) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2002 | This document is in the Khmer language. This Note describes the principal techniques that will be used to maintain roads within a District in a developing country. Particular attention is paid to the planning and design aspects of the work, as it is in this area that the Engineer will make the largest contribution. Practical execution is not described in detail. The Note first discusses the merits of using labour or equipment-based operations and examines the scope for using local contractors for maintenance work. The importance of safety during maintenance work is then discussed and each of the various maintenance techniques is described in turn. This document is also available in an English language version. | |
| Overseas Road Note 2 (English language version) | Maintenance techniques for District Engineers (2nd Edition) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2001 | This Note describes the principal techniques that will be used to maintain roads within a District in a developing country. Particular attention is paid to the planning and design aspects of the work, as it is in this area that the Engineer will make the largest contribution. Practical execution is not described in detail. The Note first discusses the merits of using labour or equipment-based operations and examines the scope for using local contractors for maintenance work. The importance of safety during maintenance work is then discussed and each of the various maintenance techniques is described in turn. This document is also available in a Khmer language version. | |
| Overseas Road Note 1 (English language version) | Road maintenance management for district engineers (3rd Edition) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2003 | This Note is a practical guide to the management of road maintenance. It provides a rational approach to help maintenance engineers organise and control the activities for which they are responsible. The aim is to improve effectiveness and efficiency, and make more productive use of maintenance resources. The Note is targeted primarily at those district engineers in developing and emerging countries who do not have access to computer-based information and management systems. However, although a paper-based system of management is described, this could easily be computerised using simple spreadsheets, if required. Parts of the Note may also be used in conjunction with existing computer-based systems. This document is also available in a Khmer language version. | |
| Overseas Road Note 1 (Khmer language version) | Road maintenance management for district engineers (2nd Edition) | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2002 | This document is in the Khmer language. This Note is a practical guide to the management of road maintenance. It provides a rational approach to help maintenance engineers organise and control the activities for which they are responsible. The aim is to improve effectiveness and efficiency, and make more productive use of maintenance resources. The Note is targeted primarily at those district engineers in developing and emerging countries who do not have access to computer-based information and management systems. However, although a paper-based system of management is described, this could easily be computerised using simple spreadsheets, if required. Parts of the Note may also be used in conjunction with existing computer-based systems. This document is also available in an English language version. | |
| Overseas Road Note 7- Volume 1 (Khmer version) | A guide to bridge inspection and data systems for district engineers | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2000 | INTRODUCTION The purpose of this note is to provide a district engineer with guidance on the establishment and operation of an effective bridge and culvert record system. The two main elements of this programme are: • the bridge data and recording methods. • bridge inspection. The companion volume to this note (Volume 2) is the Bridge Inspector's Handbook. These documents are also available in a both Khmer language and English language versions. | |
| Save Your Country's Roads | How Road Maintenance gets transport moving (Khmer & English Version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2004 | This document is a 15-minute briefing for senior decision makers on the vital importance of Road Maintenance. This is the Khmer and English language version. An English & French language version is also available. | |
| Overseas Road Note 7- Volume 1 (English Version) | A guide to bridge inspection and data systems for district engineers | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2000 | INTRODUCTION The purpose of this note is to provide a district engineer with guidance on the establishment and operation of an effective bridge and culvert record system. The two main elements of this programme are: • the bridge data and recording methods. • bridge inspection. The companion volume to this note (Volume 2) is the Bridge Inspector's Handbook. These documents are also available in a Khmer language versions. | |
| Save Your Country's Roads | How Road Maintenance gets transport moving (English & French language version) | PIARC - World Road Association | PIARC - World Road Association | 2000 | This document is a 15-minute briefing for senior decision makers on the vital importance of Road Maintenance. This is the English and French language version. A Khmer-English version is also available. | |
| SEACAP 14 - The Role of Private Sector in Rural Transport | Context and Recommendations | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | RECOMMENDATIONS • Separate the administration, ownership and implementation functions • Reduce market share of SOEs and ex-SOEs • Reserve work for non–SOEs, in all donor programs • GoV to penalize PCCs that: a) award contracts in projects that have not been funded b) award a project without bidding if above the minimum value requiring competitive bidding • Require Contractor and Consultant Registration of capability statements, with public access • Improve transparency and information to PS through their business associations • Increase compliance through community representatives in prioritising, bid evaluation and works supervision • Challenge ‘leakage' by: a) reducing the number of transactions in licensing and jobs b) joint reviews, decisions and approvals, rather than segregated actions among agencies. • Provide joint PS – GoV staff training and regular consultations to diffuse oligopoly • Strengthen training and certification of consultants • Cartels: reduction of influence: a) favour only commune-based service operators b) more local participation in state functions • Maintain policy of strengthening existing contractors • Provide incentives for sub-contracting to newcomers • Exclude new ex-SOEs for three years • Set up Contractor Registration • Simplify practices in work certification and payments • Apply ‘sunset' clauses in approval processes • Delete capital requirements of bidders so as to shift more decisions to enterprises • Require “years of experience” of lead staff, not company • Finely plan size and technology in contract packages | |
| SEACAP 15 - Community participation in rural transport | Local Experiences in Contribution and Participation | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | Objectives of the study 1. Identify the range of contributions made by local communities to the transport sector, and the impacts these have on livelihoods 2. Identify the role of local communities in decision making in the rural transport sector 3. For point 1+2, recommend approaches to resolving key issues that can be considered by MoT 4. Review employment opportunities in rural transport at the commune level. | |
| How to implement the LVRR training course | DF 90 Training Process | OtB Engineering; Educons | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | ISSUES: • Course participants • Trainer - facilitator • Training material • Main learning activities - Course Introduction – Lecture – Discussion – Fieldwork – Exercise Presentation – Examination – Certificate – Course assessment & feedbacks by participants | |
| Module 2 Session 4 | RR maintenance planning | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | CONTENTS S4.1: RR maintenance planning S4.2: RR Maintenance works Quality assessment S4.3: Community Supervision and Audit | |
| Module 2 Session 3 | Norms for RR Maintenance | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | WHY NORMS? Norms of Routine Maintenance give maintenance requirements of a kilometre in a year for different types of rural road. Norms of Repairing Works Estimate define the demands of material, labour and machine to carry out each item of repairing construction works. | |
| Module 2 Session 2 | The Routine Maintenance 1 & The Routine Maintenance 2 | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | SUMMARY Descriptions of LVRR defects and the appropriate practical measures and activities (Routine maintenance 1and 2) applicable for fixing them. | |
| Module 2 Session 1 | Concepts of Rural Road Maintenance | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | SUMMARY • Principles of LVRR maintenance • Tasks of LVRR maintenance • Types of Rural Road Maintenance • Routine maintenance 1 • Routine maintenance 2 IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE All components of the rural road infrastructure, such as pavement surface, shoulders, earthworks, bridges and drainage structures, require maintenance to ensure that they continue to function as designed. Non-maintained roads cause additional costs to the users and community in higher vehicle operating and transport costs, reduced safety and delayed or slower journeys. Government, community, commercial and individual efforts to bring development and services to the rural areas will be hampered by poor road maintenance, and investments will be placed at risk. | |
| Session 5 | Environmentally Optimised Design (EOD) | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | Environmentally Optimised Design (EOD) is the over-arching framework for the application of appropriate LVRR designs. It covers a spectrum of solutions for improving or creating low volume rural access – from dealing with individual critical areas on a road link (Spot Improvements) to providing a total whole rural link rehabilitation (Whole Length Improvement). This session leads naturally on to the Desk Exercise EOD. | |
| Session 4 | Low Volume Rural Road Pavement Construction | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | This session presents key issues relating to the construction of LVRR pavements and associated drainage. The need to comply with the design specifications is of a paramount importance not only in regard construction materials but also in respect of construction plant and construction procedures. There is clear need to improve the quality control on rural road construction and this session highlights important issues to be considered . | |
| Developing a Knowledge Sharing Forum (CNCTP) and Knowledge Networking for the benefit of the Cambodia Rural Road Sector | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Cambodia; Intech Cambodia; Intech Associates | Kong, S.;Kackada, H.;Petts, R. C. | 2005 | Poor knowledge access, dissemination and mainstreaming have been identified as major constraints to development of the rural road sector in Cambodia. The paper describes the sector challenges and local knowledge development and sharing initiatives that are improving access to research and information for engineers and managers in the rural transport sector. The Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) is a recently formed national forum for stakeholders to provide and gain access to important knowledge and documentation to improve the performance of the rural road transport sector. | |
| Session 3 | Pavement Option Selection and Design | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | This session outlines a general approach to the selection and design of LVRRs that is based upon the task the roads have to perform; the environments in which they have to operate; and their anticipated whole life costs. The pavement design process has to be compatible with existing Cambodian Standards and based upon the collection and analysis of appropriate data. Options should take into account not only the immediate construction cost but also their likely maintenance costs – together making up what is termed the Whole Life Asset Costs. | |
| Methodology for rapid assessment of rural transport services | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Intermediate Technology Consultants | Starkey, P. | 2005 | Rural transport services are often inadequate. Passenger and goods transport needs improving to stimulate rural economies and reduce poverty. Understanding existing rural transport systems and constraining factors is a precondition for appropriate policy action. The methodology developed by the international team has been tested in four countries and has already resulted in some valuable insights. The hub and spoke model is used to help understand the rural transport system and to survey it in a relatively quick time. By contacting a wide range key stakeholders (transport users, operators and regulators) and triangulating their different opinions, a picture of the transport situation, constraints and opportunities can be build up. Further details obtained through person observations and traffic counts on representative spokes help to build up a model of the rural transport system. This can then be used to inform decision making and help set priorities for appropriate interventions for improving rural mobility. | |
| Community Involvement and Privatisation in the Implementation of Rural Access Programmes | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Roughton International | Pearce, M. J.;Obika, B.;Cutler, A. H. | 2005 | Open market options using established contractors in competitive works bidding generally fail to provide a fair distribution of economic benefits to the community providing the labour with a consequent lack of involvement and ownership, and a loss of sustainability. To achieve the potential advantages of both community participation and privatisation has proven to be difficult to achieve on a number of rural access programmes. It requires an approach that either develops the commercial capacity of communities or encourages the contracting industry to operate in partnership with the communities. The paper examines a number of options that have been followed by the authors in Botswana, Nepal, Vietnam and Nigeria to meet both the economic and immediate social objectives of these rural access development programmes. The programmes have varying approaches, sources of funding, socio-political settings and cultural norms. Despite these differences a number of key success factors have been identified. A suggested model for improving private sector implementation and community participation is discussed. The method relies on ways of creating genuine private sector and community partnership with Governments taking a pro-active role in creating an enabling environment that goes beyond mere policy formulation. A number of key areas are identified for further research and data gathering. | |
| South East Asia Community Access Programme - SEACAP | Applications of selected research outputs for the Mitigation and Management of Crisis and Recovery Operations | UNOPS; OtB Engineering | Salter, D.;Cook, J. R. | 2009 | SEACAP is a poverty-targeted rural transport initiative. It is aimed at improving the sustainable access of poor people in rural communities to health, education, employment and trade opportunities, with projects currently in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos PDR. SEACAP provides funding for applied research to solve rural access problems, disseminating information about the research outcomes to stakeholders, and supporting the mainstreaming of the solutions. SEACAP research is not specifically directed towards crisis and recovery operations. However, the principles of a local resource approach readily span both development and crisis engineering applications. This paper draws together four short technical notes. The technical notes are derived from the outputs of SEACAP and the UNOPS Community Access Programme in Sri Lanka. These outputs have direct application for mitigating and managing crisis and recovery operations. The subjects covered herein include: i. Experience and techniques for risk and hazard assessment for managing mountain slope instability; ii. Bio-engineering for road embankment and mountain slope erosion protection and stabilisation; iii. The use of tsunami debris as material for constructing rural roads; and, iv. The development of standards and specifications that allow engineers to construct roads with available materials. | |
| Dissemination of Low Volume Rural Road Knowledge & Experience | Vietnam Practical Issues (DF55 & 68) | Educons | Huan D. | 2008 | PROJECT OBJECTIVE The primary project objective is to improve the sustainability of the LVRR improved and maintained through the MARD/IRDSPCP TARGET GROUPS Knowledge transferred to: • 10 trainers from MARD and MoT. • 90 provincial and project implementation staff from the IRDSPCP provinces. | |
| Session 2 | Surfacing and Pavement Options | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | POINTS TO CONSIDER - The use of local materials - When unsealed surfaces are appropriate and when they are not. - The advantages and disadvantages of each pavement option | |
| Session 1 | Low Volume Rural Road Principles | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | Session 1 lays out the general principles that govern the appropriate design, construction and long term management of Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRRs) within the overall requirements of rural infrastructure development. This session describes the function that LVRRS have to perform and how this together with the road environment must have a direct impact on their design if they are to be part of a sustainable infrastructure. | |
| Effective Use of Natural Resources in Rural Infrastructure Development | SEACAP 19 | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2007 | PRESENTATION • Sustainable Roads • Appropriate materials use • SEACAP 19 Pilot materials database A key objective in sustainable rural road construction is to best match the available construction material to its function in the road. This relies greatly on the appropriate use of local construction materials. | |
| The Effective Application of Appropriate Standards and Specifications | South East Asia Community Access Programme | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | PRESENTATION Developing Appropriate Standards & Specifications 1. The Requirement 2. Technical Issues 3. The SEACAP Contribution 4. Application 5. Next Steps. | |
| Appropriate Surface Sealing for Sustainable Low Volume Rural Roads in Vietnam | 1st Sprayed Sealing Conference – cost effective high performance surfacings, Adelaide, Australia 2008 | OtB Engineering; Intech Associates; Department for International Development (DFID), UK | Cook, J. R.;Petts, R. C.;O'Neill, P. | 2008 | DfID and World Bank co-funded research into appropriate Low Volume Rural Road (LVRR) pavement and surfacing options is underway in Vietnam under the South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP). Previously there has been a sector concentration on the provision of unsealed gravel roads, which, although relatively cheap to construct, are often unsustainable in the high rainfall; steep gradient or flood prone, environments prevalent in Vietnam. The SEACAP 1 project involved the construction of LVRR trial roads in a representative selection of road environments in a number of provinces with diverse characteristics. A wide range of sub-base, base and surfacing options were trialled including bitumen emulsion, stone chip and sand seals. Standard local hot bitumen seals and unsealed options have been constructed as control sections. Construction was completed between June 2005 and July 2006 and representative lengths selected for long term condition monitoring. Initial performance information is now becoming available and this, together with the construction cost and construction quality assessment data, is allowing the development of practical Performance, Whole Life Cost and Technology Option Selection models. This paper summarises the outcomes of SEACAP 1 to date with particular focus on the use of the bitumen emulsion seals in comparison with the local hot bitumen and unsealed options. | |
| Rural Access Index: A Key Development Indicator | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | World Bank; University of Maryland, USA | Robert, P.;Shyam, K. C. | 2005 | This paper describes the Rural Access Index (RAI), a headline transport indicator which highlights the critical role of access and mobility in reducing poverty in poor countries. The Index is part of the Results Measurement System for IDA 14. It is defined together with the official method of measurement which is on the basis of locally representative household surveys. Current estimates indicate that some 900 million rural dwellers worldwide do not have adequate access to the formal transport system. Initial values for more than 30 IDA1 countries show the overall level of access to be 57% for the rural population. Within this group, access is worst for the Sub-Saharan Africa countries for which the average RAI is 30%. For a selection of non-IDA countries the average value of access is nearly 90%. The preferred measurement of RAI is from household survey results. A draft transport module is proposed for household surveys and the resources required to establish and update the measurement are estimated. Alternative methods of measurement and estimating techniques are outlined in case there is no ready prospect of undertaking a suitable household survey. | |
| DCP analysis and design of low volume roads by new TRL software | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | TRL Ltd. | Pioslin, S.;Done, S. | 2005 | Low volume sealed roads in developing countries often deteriorate because of poor material properties, poor construction or most commonly a combination of these. The most effective way of resolving such problems is by carrying out repair to the pavement, this often being necessary over only a short length and referred to as spot improvements. Design of the repairs can be based on information obtained using simple, low cost techniques, the most suitable of which is the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The DCP is a labour intensive, non-destructive testing instrument designed for the rapid measurement of the in-situ strength of existing flexible pavements constructed with unbound materials. In 1990, TRL produced Overseas Road Note 8 with a software package to analyse DCP test data. However, the evolution of alternative methods of using the results and developments in software application dictated an urgent need to upgrade the software. DFID in support of its Knowledge and Research Programme, commissioned TRL to translate DCP test data into simple design procedures with the development of a data analysis program. This paper presents an overview of the DCP test procedure and the various features of UK DCP data analysis package highlighting its use in structural evaluation of pavement. | |
| South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP) | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Department for International Development (DFID), UK | O'Neill, P.;Maini, Y. | 2005 | SEACAP is a poverty targeted rural transport support initiative comprising 24 transport related research projects centred on Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The programme's goal is to: • identify and support the uptake of low cost, sustainable solutions to the provision of rural roads; • achieve this by providing funding for applied research, its dissemination to implementing agencies and support to help them adopt improved techniques. • improve sustainability and affordability of rural access, which will lead to improved access to economic opportunities, health and education services; thereby creating opportunities for pro-poor growth and poverty alleviation. The research data generated by the programme is being shared with local governments and rural communities. This locally owned data source is being used, in conjunction with local materials, to maintain and sustain rural access and therefore is a key driver in facilitating socio-economic growth and development. | |
| The African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Department for International Development (DFID), UK; TRL Ltd. | O'Neill, P.;Greening, P. A. K.;Fouracre, P. R. | 2005 | AFCAP is a DFID poverty-targeted transport initiative which uses research evidence to develop sustainable, low-cost, maintainable and locally-owned access for poor rural communities. Initially it will be based around a small portfolio of research projects which are trans-national (covering several African countries) in relevance and whose outcomes feed directly into the host governments policies and standards, and into the conditionalities of development bank loans. AFCAP will emulate the highly successful South East Asian Community Access Programme (SEACAP), which has received strong support from development banks intent on promoting appropriate standards. AFCAP will add value to the process of rural infrastructure development by providing strong research evidence that feeds directly into both the decision-taking and capacity building processes. AFCAP can only be of value if it is integral to these processes and to its ‘client' base; it effectively will be an embryo research facility embedded within a host ministry or road agency. This mechanism will ‘close the loop' between research and application, a gap that has eluded so much of earlier infrastructure research. This paper reviews the background and genesis of AFCAP, its scope and approach, and its current operational status. | |
| The Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Enabling Sustainable Rural Access | Department for International Development (DFID), UK; Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | O'Neill, P.;Dyson, M. | 2005 | The overall gTKP approach is to: • Identify where gTKP can add value, cooperating not competing with other institutions and programmes; • Directly address gaps and remove barriers to transport knowledge via a portfolio of projects and disseminating the outcomes via a premier web based knowledge portal, signposting, linking, translating and summarising as required; • Use the gTKP framework to provide coherent budgetary support to core partner organisations, including GRSP, IFRTD and IFG; • Similarly, provide programmatic support through regional evidence based research and pre-investment advisory initiatives like SEACAP and AFCAP; and • Proactively develop in-country and international user communities to drive knowledge demand and application. | |
| Dissemination of SEACAP 17 Activities in Lao PDR | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Ministry of Communication, Transport, Post and Construction, Lao PDR | Mektakul S. | 2005 | SEACAP 17 will conduct pavement trials during the construction of the access roads on the NEC project. DISSEMINATION ISSUES A problem facing MCTPC is finding out about what is happening in the rest of the world. Occasional attendance at workshops or visiting a web site we hear about is not enough and it is unrealistic to expect MCTPC senior staff to spend endless time surfing the internet in the hope of finding something relevant. So how do we get more information about new developments that can help Lao PDR? It is reasonable to assume that ministries in other countries face the same problem and there needs to be a mechanism whereby they have this information readily available. This is where SEACAP, gTKP and others can make a difference by actively disseminating information. When the results of a research project under SEACAP or any other project are published, summary papers can be sent out to contacts at ministries in the region with details on how to get more information. This will ensure the information reaches a large audience and will generate more interest about the research activities. At present, we only hear about research and development activities when we attend seminars such as this. | |
| Integration of Targeting & Appraisal | Use of Poverty and Access Indicators for Fund Allocation & Project Appraisal for Rural Access Projects in Afghanistan | UNOPS | Gleeson F. | 2005 | Targeted labour based rural access projects are often used to address employment and access needs of isolated poverty stricken communities. In the absence of a planning tool, fund allocation models commonly use disaggregated national poverty and accessibility indicators applied as factors to Provincial population data which in turn may be divided by the total population to determine an overall factor to be applied to the available project budget. Such a fund allocation model was utilised in Afghanistan for the National Emergency Employment Programme (NEEP) and assisted to fulfil in part the obligation of the programme to target labour days at the most needy sections of the population. A further geographical targeting tool utilised by the NEEP for the Rural Access project (NEEPRA) was cost effectiveness analysis incorporating both poverty and access indicators. Within Afghanistan the National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) gathered a large number of indicators, inclusive of poverty and access indicators, from representative samples of survey villages. The NRVAs' findings were verified through project implementation where indicators were often again checked in the field. | |
| Indicators for the Rural Transport Sector | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Ministry of Rural Development, India | Chandrasekhar, B. P. | 2005 | Transportation is the basic infrastructure that supports overall development of a neighborhood, region, state or a country. It is needless to emphasize that the degree of development is well correlated with the degree of transport facilities both at macro or micro level. It is imperative that adequate care is required in planning and developing transport infrastructure duly keeping its likely impact on the society in respect of both economy and environment. Such an exercise requires the support of evidence based analysis of several indicators, which are expected to assist the decision makers with the diagnosis of the problem, quantification of solutions and evaluating the progress. However, the basic problem in several countries is lack of reliable databases that leads to the development of Transport Indicators. Such Transport Indicators, when properly identified and assessed will help for bench marking and comparison of performance at intra- and inter- sectoral levels. Therefore, it calls for a systematic collection, collation and maintenance of accurate transport sector data at different levels for helping the decision makers in arriving at appropriate need based solutions in the transport sector. | |
| Understanding the diversity of rural transport needs to address them | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | de Silva, R. | 2005 | Transport needs of people are many and different. Improved understanding of the transport sector through studies and development work of government institutions, NGOs and assessments of donor organisations have contributed towards recognising the importance of rural transport development needs to be highlighted. It has also helped identify the key factors that influence transport needs and patterns of rural people. These factors strongly influence people's preferences and use of transport systems that are appropriate to them. There is no doubt that rural infrastructure development with special focus on rural feeder and access roads bring about many economic and social benefits to the rural community. The benefits are more if the road has suitable vehicles for transport services. Some of the key influencing factors are as follows: • Economic - Occupations of people, affordability, investments to improve infrastructure and facilities. • Topography - terrain, climate, prevalent cultivation. • Social aspects - Cultural norms, social acceptability, gender roles and responsibilities, need to access education and health. | |
| Estimation of socio-economic impact of rural access roads estimated from household survey data | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | Abrams, J. | 2005 | Socio-economic data from a household survey were used in combination with basic road condition information to obtain relationships between type and volume of travel by rural dwellers, disaggregated by transport mode, journey purpose and season. Relationships were derived which could be used to predict the effects of different interventions on rural travel patterns. These relationships can be input to traditional ex-ante cost-benefit analyses and to study the impact of road improvements on different types of road user or different socio-economic groups within the community. Using this model, the overall economic internal rate of return on road investments made by Commune-Sangkat Councils in Cambodia was estimated to be 25%. However, this estimate fell to 6% if it were assumed that no routine maintenance of the roads (only periodic rehabilitation) would be carried out. About 90% of the benefits were estimated to accrue to residents of rural communes (rather than to urban-based transporters). The spread of benefits between users of different vehicle types was roughly proportionate, from which it is inferred that the benefits are spread equitably and that the poor are not excluded from the project benefits. | |
| Irregular Cobble Stone Pavement Specification | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Yun Nan Road Planning & Design Research Institute | Yun Nan Road Planning & Design Research Institute | 2005 | Cobble stone pavement is a traditional pavement that has been applied for a very long time in China. This type of pavement is constructed using natural irregular shaped stone cobbles, which are selected and laid on a gravel layer with a fair face uppermost. They are strengthened into a road surface matrix by gravel joint filling and compaction activities. Yun Nan province is one of the first provinces that started applying the construction technique imported from Shang Hai City in 1939. Many road sections on Dien Mien national road were built with the cobble stone pavement during the war against the Japanese and the technique has been continuously developed since then. Recently, Yun Nan province authorities have built 5,100 km of cobble stone pavement and there exists about 1,582 km of provincial and main cobble stone pavement built before these recent programmes. That will make a total number of 8,000km of cobble stone pavement length. Among these, some 20-year-old road sections are still in good condition to ensure traffic flow. At the request by Chinese Ministry of Transport, in the next few years, Yun Nan province has to build another 2,500km of cobble stone pavement and about 55% of the districts' network will have cobble stone and concrete roads. | |
| Improving Mobility for the Rural Poor, an Approach in Bangladesh | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh | Qadir, A. | 2005 | CONCLUSIONS • Rural transport plays vital role in alleviating poverty of rural poor. • Improving rural mobility to reduce poverty requires a combination of appropriate transport infrastructure and better transport services using affordable means of transport. • Stake holder participation & demand-led activities will enhance sustainability of the transport system. • Government policy, sharing the responsibility of different agencies, Local Government bodies, should be clearly defined. • In Bangladesh LGED is pioneer in improving mobility for the rural poor, establishing/developing rural accessibility. | |
| Environmental Friendly Road Construction in Bhutan | Providing access to rural communities while protecting the environment | SNV Netherlands | Visser, H.;Augustijn, R.;Rai, S.N. | 2005 | This paper presents main developments in the road sector of Bhutan and the Environmental Friendly Road Construction (EFRC) concept used by the Department of Roads, Ministry of Works and Human Settlement. First a brief overview is given of main characteristics of Bhutan and of rural access development. After that the scope of the EFRC Support Project is explained. The project goes beyond the Department of Roads and included farm and forestry roads, construction sector and district support and the development of curricula for technical training institutes. This is followed by a description of the technical features of EFRC which have been applied in Bhutan under the project. Thereafter the importance of quality assurance, mechanisation of road works and private sector participation is presented. Finally the economic feasibility of EFRC (and higher road standards in general) and the need for integrated transport master planning to justify the high public investments in the road sector are discussed. | |
| From Road Surfacing Problems to Mainstreaming New Techniques in National Standards | Rural Road Research in Vietnam | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. C.;Cook, J. R.;Tuan, P. G.;Dzung, B. T. | 2005 | A range of proven, low-cost, rural road paving options exist as an alternative to the use of problematic natural gravel as a road surface. The low cost paving options usually have a number of economic, social, health and environmental advantages over gravel. These alternative paving techniques are suitable for construction and maintenance by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Most of these paving options require little capital investment, use local resource based techniques and can optimize the use of local materials. However there are a range of constraints that currently prevent these approaches from being widely used in developing countries. Initiatives are required to be taken by governments, road authorities, contractors' associations and donor agencies to tackle these constraints to develop a vibrant market for rural infrastructure works and enable SMEs to establish and survive to deliver low cost road infrastructure solutions to the rural communities. This would contribute to achieving Millennium Development Goals. An important part of the process of bringing about desirable sector changes to allow the use of appropriate rural road surface options and SMEs, is to develop an effective steering framework to plan and manage the introduction of new techniques, procedures and operational framework, with appropriate awareness creation, stakeholder consultation and knowledge dissemination. | |
| Appropriate Economic Appraisal for Rural Unsealed Road Upgrading | Application of Low Cost Surfacing research in Cambodia | Intech Cambodia; Intech Associates | Kackada, H.;Petts, R. C. | 2005 | CONCLUSION/ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED • Economic benefits of unpaved road upgrading investment will depend on cost inputs that need to be carefully defined and separated from other costs in order to assess actual benefits. • Issues of how to cost dust nuisance, health and safety, separating costs of meeting standards, Maintenance capability and likelihood, overloading and adjacent property investment are important to consider and deal with in an appropriate way. | |
| River Morphology and Rural Route Alignments: A case study from Sri Lanka | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Sri Lanka Road Development Authority | Jayalath, G. R. | 2005 | Failure to understand or lack of awareness of the natural dynamic behavior of alluvial river systems in deciding route alignments have caused considerable damage to the national transport network, especially when attempting to introduce artificial changes disregarding the dynamic nature of these river systems. Road engineers have to understand that rivers are subject to morphological processes and as a result river plan forms and cross-section shapes are changed due to sedimentation and erosion processes which are temporal and spatially varied. The alignment of the section from Totalanga to Ambatale of the Colombo – Hanwella road (Low Level Road) located within the western province of Sri Lanka is aligned almost parallel to the left bank of a major alluvial meandering river called “Kalani”, flowing generally westwards. Sections of the road route are almost at the verge of being washed into the river causing considerable negative impact to the local economy. The motivation to present this paper is to bring to the notice of fellow road/highway engineers that we cannot master rivers unless we understand the close relationship between engineering and fluvial geomorphology. | |
| Provision of Low-Volume Sealed Roads: Time for a Re-Think by Decision Makers | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | TRL Ltd.; InfraAfrica Consultants | Greening, P. A. K.;Pinard, M. I. | 2005 | The effective and efficient provision of low-volume sealed roads (LVSRs) requires a major departure from traditional practice. Documentation relating to the provision of such roads is often based on technology emanating from developed countries. Although these standard approaches have been revised to some extent, they are still often inappropriate for situations where locally prevailing conditions are very different from those for which the traditional approaches were developed. It is clear that new, more holistic approaches, requiring a paradigm shift in thinking, are required if LVSRs are to be provided on a more sustainable basis. To this end, the Southern African Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC), now the Division of Infrastructure and Energy in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) secretariat, commissioned the development of a Guideline on Low-Volume Sealed Roads. The main purpose of this paper is to present more holistic, innovative and sustainable approaches to the provision of LVSRs that are contained in the Guideline. The paper highlights the results of the research on which the guideline is based and outlines the challenges faced by road authorities in adopting the results of research and the application of innovative practices. | |
| Labour-Based Surfacing Trials on the Mozambique Feeder Road Project | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | TRL Ltd. | Ford, W. G.;Done, S. | 2005 | CONCLUSIONS • The condition of the different surfacing applications after 3½ years is generally good. • The single sand seal sections quickly deteriorated and cannot be considered to be more than a temporary measure. • Performance ranking of the applications has shown that the penetration macadam treatment is the best. • The cationic and anionic emulsions have so far performed equally well. There seems to be no advantage in using one as opposed to the other in the construction of a particular surfacing treatment. • There appears to be no advantage in using MC30 as opposed to invert emulsion as a prime coat. • Estimates of the unit costs of construction for each application show that the penetration macadam is the most expensive with the single sand seal the least expensive. • By considering performance ranking and construction costs, the single surface dressing, was considered the most economical application. | |
| The Performance of Low-Volume Unsealed Rural Roads in Vietnam | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | TRL Ltd.; Intech Associates; Vietnam Institute of Transport Science and Technology (ITST) | Cook, J. R.;Petts, R. C.;Tam, D.M. | 2005 | The RRGAP research has highlighted the need for guidelines on the appropriate use of unsealed road surfacing. Gravel can only be considered as a serious viable pavement option for Vietnam rural roads on engineering and economic grounds under the following conditions: 1. Where specified quality material is locally available in sufficient quantities both for construction and maintenance (probably within 10km of the road). 2. Where road gradients are less than 4% in medium rainfall areas (1,000 – 2,000 mm/year). Gravel will probably be unsustainable at any gradient for higher levels of rainfall. For the few areas of Vietnam that experience rainfall of less than 1,000 mm/year, gravel may be suitable for longitudinal gradients up to 6%. 3. Where adequate drainage (crossfall, side and dispersion) can be guaranteed. 4. Where adequate quality assurance controls are in place for construction supervision to ensure contract and specification compliance. 5. Where an appropriate maintenance regime can be guaranteed as part of a whole-life construction and maintenance specification. 6. Where flooding is only a minor local occurrence. 7. Where traffic is below 200 motor vpd equivalent. This is recommended from international experience. However it is possible that alternative, more durable, surfaces could be justified at traffic levels below 100 motor vpd in some circumstances in Vietnam. | |
| Agricultural Roads in Bhutan | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | Ministry of Agriculture, Bhutan | Chewang, U. | 2005 | Farm roads penetrate into the heart of rural community and reach those needy poor for whom road access will increase their income and reduce poverty. The perishable products like vegetables and dairy products cannot reach market centres where the demand is high due to lack of speedy and quick means of transport. The villagers have to dispose it off in the village itself where the prices are quite low. Therefore farm roads which reduce travel time and improve access to the facilities and services are highly needed. Visits to the different villages confirm that communities near the road are much better off than the villages further away from the road. It is evident that remoteness does contribute to the poverty and that road access will be a key factor in alleviating poverty. The result of the impact study of the rural roads in selected areas done by Ministry of Finance clearly shows the positive effect of roads in increasing the living condition and reducing the poverty. Thus, it can be clearly said that a road brings about tremendous socio-economic development in the village and increases the quality of life and the happiness of the people, especially when combined with other interventions like the development of multi-functional RNR centres. | |
| South-East Asia Community Access Project | UNOPS | UNOPS | 2009 | The Southeast Asian Community Access project (SEACAP) is a transport initiative aimed at developing the knowledge base needed to improve the access of rural communities to social and economic opportunities. A key element of growth and poverty alleviation is the provision of access to health, education, productive opportunities and markets for rural communities that can otherwise remain isolated. Countries that have benefited from SEACAP include Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. | ||
| Towards a Transport Infrastructure Management System (TIMS) | Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | International Labor Organisation (ILO) | Wielinga, D. | 2005 | The paper briefs on the status of the institutionalization and mainstreaming of the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) planning tool: Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) and focuses on the application of the Transport Infrastructure Inventory (TII) as an appropriate tool to develop a rural road inventory and prioritization of maintenance and rehabilitation at district level. It is proposed that TII can form the basis of a more comprehensive Transport Infrastructure Management Tool (TIMS) by including design standards, budgeting and financial forecasting. It is argued that such a TIMS will guarantee local community involvement in prioritization of rural infrastructure; that a rational decision is made between roads or service infrastructure that are local-resource based; that local communities, government and others mobilize resources and provides a transparent and cost effective monitoring mechanism that would increase the confidence of stakeholders in administration of rural roads. The paper then concludes by laying out the steps needed to be taken to create an enabling environment for the development of TIMS. | |
| Proceedings of the (First) SEACAP Practitioners Meeting | 14 – 15 June 2006, Phnom Penh – Cambodia | South East Asia Community Access Programme (SECAP); Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Cambodia; Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) | South East Asia Community Access Programme (SECAP) | 2006 | The key objectives of this first SEACAP Practitioners Meeting (SPM) were: a) Refresh the understanding and purpose of SEACAP; b) Share experiences from the implementation of SEACAP projects; c) Review achievements and progress to date; d) Consider future direction and priorities for SEACAP. Under this initiative, the Ministry of Rural Development of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the Cambodian National Community of Transport Practitioners hosted a one and a half day meeting which was held on 14 and 15 of June 2006 at Phnom Penh, Cambodia's Capital City. The meeting was attended by approximately 70 participants, comprising presenters, and officials from the Ministry of Rural Development and other transport development partners in Cambodia, SEACAP practitioners, consultants and implementers from Vietnam, Lao and also delegations from non-SEACAP countries; namely Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. SEACAP practitioners and consultants provided twelve presentations which resulted in extensive discussion among the participants. | |
| Last SEACAP Practitioners Meeting | Vientiane November 2008 | UNOPS; South East Asia Community Access Programme (SECAP) | Salter, D. | 2008 | LESSONS LEARNED •Research on live specimens: –Difficult - relevance. •Expertise and commitment: –Special skills and extra effort. •Presence –Continuous and engaged •Pragmatic and flexible –Environment constantly changing need to adapt. Time –Full benefits need long-term & complete research cycle. •Consistency –Approach and objectives. •Demonstration and training –For dissemination •Local implementation –Need to be clear on objectives •Dissemination –Conferences and exchanges effective CONCLUSIONS •SEACAP approach works. •Important research outputs emerging. •Complete the entire cycle to mainstreaming. •Continuity into new phase. | |
| SEACAP experience in transport research in the GMS with lessons for new initiatives on gender and transport. | Regional research design workshop for gender, poverty and mobility analysis of road transportation development in GMS. | UNOPS; Transitions Solutions Group; Lao Consulting Group; Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Salter, D.;Shone, M.;Sakulku, A.;Petts, R. C. | 2009 | All effective development, including infrastructure, involves the need for a recognition and harmonization of technical, social, economic, environmental and political goals. In the transport sector it is now becoming increasingly important that there is closer collaboration between all of the key disciplines. The development of better rural access and transport should lead to important benefits shared by rural people. In general terms these benefits are poverty reduction, job creation and access to socio-economic opportunities. Rural people should also benefit from involvement in the construction and the maintenance of the rural transport infrastructure. However, not all benefits are currently equally realized by women and men. The South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP) is an initiative addressing problems of rural access and transport sustainability. It does this by developing a multi-disciplinary knowledge base for good decision making through carrying out projects of applied research into practice. This paper describes the SEACAP approach, project outputs that have a gender dimension, and it makes recommendations for further research into advancing gender equity in rural access and transport. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Research for Sustainable Access and Poverty Reduction in South East Asia | Theme- IV Construction and Maintenance of Low Volume Roads | Intech Associates; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. C.;Cook, J. R.;Tuan, P. G.;Dzung, B. T.;Kackada, H. | 2006 | CONSTRAINTS & CHALLENGES THAT NEED TO BE TACKLED • Inadequate Government policy framework to support the SME sector for rural roads, • Insufficient public awareness of the potential benefits of SME rural roadworks implementation, • Lack of appropriate contract documentation, prequalification & bidding procedures, standards and specifications, financial and performance audit, dispute resolution for small scale works, • Contract pre-qualification too demanding, for example 3 years experience of similar work, • Contracting procedures and requirements usually (unnecessarily) demand heavy equipment holdings, • Lack of access to capital or credit for equipment purchase or cashflow, • Lack of opportunities to hire equipment, • Poor contractors' capacity in costing and planning works, • Inadequate access to low cost training and guidelines on small scale roadworks, • Contract technical solutions are usually restricted to gravel and macadam surfaces, • Lack of sustainable local funding for small rural road works contracts and maintenance, • Lack of market and sustainable workload for SMEs, • Lack of representation of SMEs (e.g. association), • Poor transparency in award and payment for work, • Late and/or non-transparent payments for locally funded work. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Research for Sustainable Access and Poverty Reduction in South East Asia | Theme- IV Construction and Maintenance of Low Volume Roads | Intech Associates; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. C.;Cook, J. R.;Tuan, P. G.;Dzung, B. T.;Kackada, H. | 2006 | The paper describes recent DFID and World Bank funded research on alternatives to gravel roads in Vietnam and Cambodia. A substantial range of proven, low-cost, rural road paving options is available and many of these have been trialled in over 150 road sections constructed in South East Asia. These paving options are suitable for construction and maintenance by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The paper also reviews the alternative surfacing options. Most of these paving options require little capital investment in equipment, use labour based techniques and can optimize the use of local materials resources. They can utilize locally made or available simple equipment, thus promoting local manufacturing and appropriate equipment ownership. For many of these techniques overhead costs could be reduced and a higher proportion of the costs could be recycled in the local community. The maintenance burden of these alternatives is usually lower than for gravel roads, and whole life costs can be cheaper than the provision of a gravel surface. Poverty reduction would be facilitated both through the involvement of the local community in the works, and improved, more sustainable access. | |
| Seminar: Sustainable Access and Local Resource Solutions | 28 – 30 November 2005, CAMBODIA, Proceedings | Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) | Kackada, H. | 2005 | Rural roads and accessibility in general – for the majority of those who live in rural areas – are major issues of concern due to widespread poor road accessibility to social and economic services, such as health, education and markets. Attainment of the objectives of poverty eradication measures, currently being pursued by many developing countries, is difficult without addressing the core problem of rural accessibility. The seminar was organised with the intention to bring together researchers, practitioners and decision makers, to stimulate the documentation, presentation and discussion of recent experiences and developments, and contribute to the collection and dissemination of knowledge, experiences and best practices for meeting the needs of improved rural accessibility and poverty reduction. 26 papers were accepted by the Organising Committee for presentation and discussion at the seminar. These are available in English (and later also in French) to be downloadable from the CNCTP, PIARC and gTKP websites. | |
| The Potential for IMT Hire Centres to Improve Rural Access and Mobility: The Case of Community Hire Centres in Northern Region, Ghana. | Cardno IT Transport; Developing Technologies | Flanary, R.;Dennis, R. | 2005 | SOME CONCLUSIONS • A project in Nanumba district in Northern Ghana has demonstrated that village hire centres can provide wide access of IMT to the community, particularly to women and poorer households who may not be able to afford access through credit schemes. • Hire centres at village level have the advantage of providing IMT for transport around the village, such as collection of harvested crops, and also to market if markets are within the range of the IMT. However, hire demand is likely to support only non-motorised IMT, limiting the feasible distance to markets. • Also demand and income may not be sufficient to run the hire centres on a fully commercial basis and they may have to be run at least partly as a community service. Experience from Nanumba has shown that with good village leadership this can work well. However, if the community agrees, it may be possible to have an IMT caretaker who receives some income as an incentive to ensure that correct charges are made for the hire of the IMT. ........................................ | ||
| Rural Accessibility and Mobility in Ntchisi District, Malawi, | Cardno IT Transport | Andreski, A.;Kaira, C.;Chagunda, J. | 2005 | The aim of the pilot activity in Ntchisi district is to institutionalise Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) into the District Planning procedures, increase mobility through intermediate modes of transport (IMT) and pilot community contractors. This will then reduce one of the fundamental causes of rural poverty, namely isolation. The key tasks and initiatives within the project are: • The collection and collation together with the District Authority of household mobility and accessibility data and the mapping of this data using a GIS. • The planning and budgeting at the District level of targeted interventions to promote increased Mobility and Accessibility of rural households. • The planning and implementation of initiatives to promote the use of Intermediate Modes of Transport (IMT). • The training and use of local small scale contractors and local communities for infrastructure improvement and maintenance. • The monitoring and evaluation of the whole project in terms of effectiveness, replicability and sustainability considering environmental, gender, HIV/AIDS and social exclusion issues. | ||
| DF 68: SEACAP PRACTITIONER MEETING (SPM) | STUDY TOUR TO THE SEACAP 21 TRIALS | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2008 | The objectives of the study tour were to give the participants of the 2008 SEACAP Practitioners Meeting the opportunity to see some of the landslide stabilisation works carried out under SEACAP 21/001 and to gain an understanding of the issues involved. In addition it was to be an enjoyable experience and involved some interaction with and by the participants rather than mere observation. A total of 73 SPM participants attended the Study Tour from a number of countries including Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Ethiopia, Ireland and the UK. Many of these represented roads ministries, aid agencies, and individual projects. | |
| SEACAP Agent for Change - Keynote Address | gTKP Rural Transport Theme Champion | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Petts, R. C. | 2008 | Summary of Rural Transport Key Issues • Informed Decision Making • Community Participation • Role of Intermediate Means of Transport • Effective Transport Asset Management • Universal Basic Access at Affordable Cost • Provision of Sustainable Low-Maintenance Road Surfaces • Local Capacity Development • ‘Roads are not enough!' • Transport Knowledge Investment. | |
| gTKP Rural Transport Initiatives | Rural Transport Theme Champion | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Petts, R. | 2008 | RATIONALE Considerable potential exists to improve Rural Access & reduce Poverty by: • Ensuring existing knowledge is compiled and accessible to decision makers, practitioners & media • Defining Good Practice & providing Case Studies • Identifying knowledge gaps • Mobilising resources to close knowledge gaps • Ensuring that knowledge is mainstreamed through standards, specifications, procedures, education, training, demonstration and mentoring programmes • Promoting sustainable use of local resources (labour, materials, enterprises, communities). gTKP RURAL TRANSPORT CORE ACTIVITIES Compilation & dissemination of transport knowledge: • Web pages on key topics • Signposting of key documents, CDs • Newsletters • Web Discussion Groups • Transport Power Points • Professional papers & articles • Events: seminars, workshops • Technical enquiry service. | |
| SEACAP Practitioners Meeting (DF 68 - SPM) Vientiane, Lao PDR 4 - 7 November 2008 | Report on the Presentations and Discussions | Department for International Development (DFID), UK | Greening, T. | 2008 | This is a report on the presentations, discussions and study tour which together formed the activities of the (DF 68) SEACAP Practitioners Meeting (SPM) held in Vientiane, Lao PDR, on 4 to 7 November 2008. The aim of the SPM was to report on progress and facilitate and encourage the sharing of new knowledge and experiences that could help steer country programmes and rural strategies. The SPM presented an opportunity to bring together representatives from the countries participating in SEACAP together with other countries, sponsors and international organisations that have expressed an interest in SEACAP activities. The meeting itself contained the following three main components - An update on the outcomes and progress of the SEACAP projects. - Discussions led by a panel of experts on priority projects. - A keynote address by a leading expert. | |
| SEACAP Dissemination beyond target countries to date | South East Asia Community Access Programme (SECAP) | Gleeson F. | 2008 | BACKGROUND SEACAP operational since 2004 • Completed 23 projects, 16 ongoing (www.seacap-info.org) • 2nd SEACAP Practitioners Meeting • Attended by participants from many more countries than the target SEACAP countries • Represented at 6 International Events • Attended by participants from many more countries than the target SEACAP countries • Website up and running • Documentation disseminated beyond the target countries It is therefore reasonable to expect SEACAP to have influenced interventions in other countries IMPACT BEYOND TARGET COUNTRIES Based on a desk study influence of SEACAP on projects in two countries shall be specifically looked at • Afghanistan • Sri Lanka It is possible that there has been impact beyond these countries • Require to carry out surveys • Require to gather further project documentation and feedback from practitioners in these countries. | ||
| SEACAP DF 55/001: Dissemination of LVRR Knowledge and Experience | Module 5: Infrastructure Asset Management | OtB Engineering; Educons | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | Road Management - The Challenges The management of Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRRs) in developing countries presents a range of challenges to road designers and managers: • Rural road network is developed only to gravel standard. • High rainfall, flooding, high water tables, material quality, traffic, traffic loading, and the inability to provide timely maintenance through financial. • There is no official resources for maintaining this big asset (Rural road network). • Some good examples of maintenance Existing Rural Road Maintenance Procedures in Viet Nam • Organisation and management • Funding and Resources • Maintenance Policies. • Maintenance Culture • Gap Between Requirements and Resources • Maintenance Problems of Gravel Roads in – Some Provinces • Lack of Trained Managerial Personnel • Volunteer labour • Commune Awareness • People are willing to support initiatives from local authorities at all levels. | |
| SEACAP DF 55/001: Dissemination of LVRR Knowledge and Experience | Engineering Module 6 - Environmentally Optimised Design | OtB Engineering; Educons | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | SUMMARY Environmentally Optimised Design (EOD) is the over-arching framework for the application of appropriate LVRR designs. It covers a spectrum of solutions for improving or creating low volume rural access – from dealing with individual critical areas on a road link (Spot Improvements) to providing a total whole rural link rehabilitation (Whole Length Improvement). This module is a combination of a presentation of the principles for EOD and a field exercise that allows these principles to be clearly demonstrated in a hands-on field exercise . | |
| SEACAP DF 55/001: Dissemination of LVRR Knowledge and Experience | Engineering Module 4 - Low Volume Rural Road Construction Issues | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | SUMMARY This module presents key issues relating to the construction of LVRR pavements and associated drainage. The need to comply with the design specifications is of a paramount importance not only in regard construction materials abut also in respect of construction plant and construction procedures. There is clear need to improve the quality control on rural road construction and this module highlights important issues to be considered . | |
| SEACAP DF 55/001: Dissemination of LVRR Knowledge and Experience | Engineering Module 3 - Pavement Option Selection and Design | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | SUMMARY This module outlines a general approach to the selection and design of LVRRs that is based upon the task the roads have to perform; the environments in which they have to operate; and their anticipated whole life costs. The pavement design process has to be compatible with existing Vietnamese Standards and based upon the collection and analysis of appropriate data. Options should take into account not only the immediate construction cost but also their likely maintenance costs – together making up what is termed the Whole Life Asset Costs. | |
| SEACAP DF 55/001: Dissemination of LVRR Knowledge and Experience | Engineering Module 2 - RRST Surfacing and Pavement Options | TRL Ltd.; OtB International | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | The main RRGAP investigations, carried out by Intech-TRL in conjunction with ITST, at 766 road sites, found serious constraints. Overall gravel loss figures indicate that around 58% of the surveyed sites are suffering unsustainable deterioration, while 28% are losing material at twice the sustainable rate - The RRGAP data on RT1 and RT2 road links indicate that it is likely that over 50% of the unsealed rural road network is either unsustainable in terms of material loss or contains significantly deteriorating road sections. Gravel can only be considered under the following conditions: - Where specified quality material is locally available in sufficient quantities both for construction and maintenance - Where road gradients are less than 4% in medium rainfall areas - Where adequate drainage (crossfall, side and dispersion) can be guaranteed - Where adequate quality assurance controls - Where an appropriate maintenance regime - Where flooding is only a minor local occurrence - Where traffic is below 200 motor vpd equivalent | |
| 2nd SEACAP Practitioners Meeting Hanoi, 12th to 13th September 2007 | Summary Report | South East Asia Community Access Programme (SECAP) | South East Asia Community Access Programme (SECAP) | 2007 | The meeting was an opportunity for practitioners and senior management to review and discuss the various SEACAP projects in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. Participants and representatives from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Lao Republic, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom and Vietnam attended. | |
| Providing Sustainable Access through road works techniques suitable for Small & Medium Enterprises | SME Promotion and Economic Development | Intech Associates; TRL Ltd.; Transport Engineering Design Inc. (TEDI), Vietnam | Petts, R. C.;Cook, J. R.;Dzung, B. T.;Kackada, H. | 2004 | The lack of year round access to many rural communities is a serious constraint to social and economic development, and poverty reduction. Poor access limits the effectiveness of commercial, educational and health initiatives through unreliable travel and high unit transport costs for goods, services and people. Research programmes in Cambodia, Vietnam and elsewhere, have identified a range of proven, low-cost, rural road paving options that are suitable for construction and maintenance by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Most of these paving options require little capital investment, use labour-based techniques and can optimize the use of local materials resources. They are able to utilize locally made, simple equipment and hand tools, thus promoting local manufacturing. For many of these techniques, overhead costs are reduced and a higher proportion of the costs is recycled back into the local community, therefore facilitating poverty reduction. The paper reviews the surfacing options and how they can be effectively mainstreamed within the rural road sector using SMEs. | |
| Providing Sustainable Access through road works techniques suitable for Small & Medium Enterprises | SME Promotion and Economic Development | Intech Associates; TRL Ltd.; Transport Engineering Design Inc. (TEDI), Vietnam | Petts, R. C.;Cook, J. R.;Dzung, B. T.;Kackada, H. | 2004 | RURAL SME SECTOR CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES THAT NEED TO BE TACKLED • Inadequate Government policy framework to support the SME sector for rural roads, • Insufficient public awareness of the potential benefits of SME rural roadworks implementation, • Lack of appropriate contract documentation, pre-qualification & bidding procedures, standards and specifications, financial and performance audit, dispute resolution for small scale works, • Contract pre-qualification too demanding, for example 3 years experience of similar work, • Contracting procedures and requirements usually (unnecessarily) demand heavy equipment holdings, • Lack of access to capital or credit for equipment purchase or cashflow, • Lack of opportunities to hire equipment, • Poor contractors' capacity in costing and planning works, • Inadequate access to low cost training and guidelines on small scale roadworks, • Contract technical solutions are usually restricted to gravel and macadam surfaces, • Lack of sustainable local funding for small rural road works contracts and maintenance, • Lack of market and sustainable workload for SMEs, • Lack of representation of SMEs (e.g. association), • Poor transparency in award and payment for work, • Late and/or non-transparent payments for locally funded work. | |
| Transport Knowledge sharing initiatives for ASEAN Engineers | Towards a Regional Information Technology Network and Centres of Excellence | Department for International Development (DFID), UK; Intech; TRL Ltd. | O'Neill, P.;Petts, R. C. | 2004 | Most countries see an efficient transport system as an essential pre-condition for economic development. Transport is a key infrastructure component, and represents one of the largest national investments for many countries. Thus, a small improvement in performance, by applying experience and knowledge, would yield large benefits in the sector, and more generally to the economy. There has been huge investment in developing transport knowledge in the past through investment in transport projects and other mechanisms. However, inadequate access to this knowledge has been a barrier to up-take and application. There are a number of contributory factors that account for this: • Needs and priorities identified by ‘others': • Lack of involvement of developing and transition countries means that their primary ‘needs' are not necessarily addressed • Donor countries tend to overlook the expertise of local knowledge sources • Up-take is poor: • The capacity-base for undertaking knowledge-sharing and communication is weak, under-funded, or not mobilised • Limited knowledge-sharing between local institutions • Difficult to identify stakeholders to apply knowledge • Poor knowledge management • Language is often a barrier to knowledge exchange • Difficult to identify partners, platforms or mechanisms for supporting a knowledge base • Knowledge is often ‘lost' because exchange opportunities are limited. | |
| Cambodia Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Review | Final Report | Oxford Policy Management | Ockelford, J. | 2006 | THE NEED FOR ACTION The development of rural water supply and sanitation in Cambodia is in crisis. At present up to 7 million people living in rural areas do not have adequate safe water supply. 11 million people defecate indiscriminately because they do not have a safe way to dispose of their excreta. Many of these 11 million people do not realise the risks of this practice to their health and the health of their families and neighbours – up to 20% of rural children under five may be suffering from diarrhoea, with a mortality rate from all causes of 126/1000 (National Institute of Statistics et al. 2001). The Government has given a commitment to meet the Cambodian Millennium Development Goals (CMDGs) but apart from that commitment there is little political will to make it happen, and the RWSS Sector does not have the institutional capacity or the finance to achieve these targets. | |
| Rural Transport Programme 3: Trial Preparation (Module 1) | SEACAP 30 - FINAL REPORT | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | In the light of the achievements of the RRST and RRSR programmes the MoT requested a further extension of the RRSR programme to the World Bank, DFID and SEACAP. Following discussions between MoT, World Bank and SEACAP it was decided to initiate a third phase of trials (RRST-III) to be associated with the RT3 programme as regards construction funding and with SEACAP supporting the initial trials design stage. Formal ToR for the proposed SEACAP 30 were drawn up with the following identified as the key outputs: • Recommendations for appropriate surfacing and paving options for the selected provinces; • Trial designs, cost estimates, and technical aspects of the tender documents for the trials; • Updated RRSR database. Six province were eventually selected for further trials: • Northern border mountainous area: Dien Bien, Cao Bang , • Midland: Thai Nguyen, • Red River Delta: Thai Binh • Middle Area: Thanh Hoa, Phu Yen, Trial sites within the six provinces were identified and surveyed for soil conditions, using both Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and laboratory testing, and for traffic. The investigation showed that existing pavement structures consist of granular base layers up to 175mm thick overlying generally soft subgrades of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) less than 10%, with low to moderate plasticity. | |
| Trialling the New Standards & Specifications and Extending the Lao LVRR Surface and Paving Knowledge Base | SEACAP 3.02 & 31 - FINAL REPORT | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | The completion of the EOD Manual and its acceptance by LRD as a working document is a major success for SEACAP. Its effectiveness as a practical document was demonstrated by its use on site as a basis for the identification and design of Spot Improvement sections on Samphan Road. Unfortunately, for reasons outside the control of SEACAP 31, the proposed Spot Improvement trials were not constructed. However the trial pavements have been designed and costed and remain ready for application if and when funding becomes available. An as-built survey of the condition of the Samphan Road gravel wearing course has been completed and conclusions drawn with respect to compliance with contractual specification and the assumptions made for the purposes of trial design. | |
| DF 55: Dissemination of Low Volume Rural Road Knowledge and Experience | Engineering Module1 - Low Volume Rural Road Principles | OtB Engineering; Educons | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | Module EM1 lays out the general principles that govern the appropriate design, construction and long term management of Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRRs) within the overall requirements of rural infrastructure development. This module describes the function that LVRRs have to perform and how this together with the road environment must have a direct impact on their design if they are to be part of a sustainable infrastructure. | |
| DF 55: Dissemination of Low Volume Rural Road Knowledge and Experience | Main Course - Quality Assurance | OtB Engineering; Educons | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | COURSE DELIVERY (a) Lecture handouts – substantial and useful documents well collated and appropriately distributed. (b) Lectures in a satisfactory and professional manner. Increased focus on key issues. Some limitation on the understanding of the course content by the trainers (c) Discussion sessions were initially difficult but rapidly improved as the courses progressed (d). Hands-on training was satisfactorily undertaken. Suggestions on the need for more focus on the reasons testing were adopted. (e) Fieldwork exercises were satisfactorily planned and supervised. More time allocated to fieldwork ? Also comments as above regarding emphasis on objectives. | |
| Rural Transport 3 (RT3), RRST-IIII, Trials Preparation | SEACAP 30 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R.;Dzung, B. T. | 2009 | BACKGROUND SEACAP 30 is a logical continuation of the Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) programme and extends this important trials programme to further road environments in Vietnam. KEY OBJECTIVE: Design and documentation for 3 to 4 trial pavements sections (500m - 1,000m) suitable for the relevant conditions. ACHIEVEMENT: SEACAP 30.01. This was the main SC30 contract concerned with the research and preparation of trial designs for the RRST-III programme. SEACAP 30.02. was split between ITST and TRL-OtB. The former were tasked to undertake geotechnical surveys of the six identified trial roads whilst TRL-OtB supplied guidance and QA. SEACAP 30.03. An enabling contract to allow funding to be made available to the 6 RRST-III provinces for road surveys and document preparation as per RT3 Guidelines. Five provinces agreed to this arrangement, | |
| Mid Term Pavement Condition Monitoring of the Rural Road Surfaces Research | SEACAP 27 - Final Report, The Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) Database | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | DELIVERED OUTCOMES The SEACAP 27 project has delivered the following technical outcomes: 1. An updated RRSR database together with guide. 2. An additional 3 phases of condition monitoring information on the RRST- and RRST-II road trials collected and collated. 3. A review and analysis of traffic patterns on the RRST trial roads 4. A comprehensive review of the current condition of the trials roads together with commentaries on reasons for deterioration 5. The development and application of a system of simplified deterioration indices that may be applied at provincial level to monitor road condition and general maintenance requirements. 6. A review of the cost impacts of the deterioration of the RRST trial roads and the implications for maintenance and WLAC models. | |
| SEACAP 27- Midterm pavement condition monitoring of the rural road surface trial (RRST) | Application for Maintenance and Updating the Cost Model - PPT | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Tuan, P. G. | 2009 | CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS • The estimation of maintenance cost and interpretation of trial data is an important base to assess the performance of pavement options and update cost model • Maintenance cost is a function of speed and nature of road deterioration. It depends not only on the Road Deterioration Condition Index and Deterioration Extent Index (RDCI and DEI) but also on the types of defects • Therefore the assessment of pavement performance should take into account many other road environment factors such as traffic, construction quality, natural environment, costs and types of maintenance... • In general, cement concrete and penetration macadam pavements still perform well to date. However the joints of concrete pavements need to be constructed in better quality and maintained timely. • For cement concrete pavement, the threshold for medium repair is assumed on the basis of RDCI and is thus adjusted from 20% to 30%. • The efficiency of the bitumen seals on top of the sand joints block pavements is very low compared with the cost for building and maintaining them. • For block pavements, mortared joints should be used to replace for sand and sand emulsion joints • The block pavements surfaced with sand emulsion seals need to be resealed every 2 years as part of the periodic maintenance. | |
| Mid Term Pavement Condition Monitoring of The Rural Road Surfaces Research | SEACAP 27 - Technical Paper 1 Visual Condition Assessment of RRSR Trial Road Options | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Rolt, J.;Cook, J. R. | 2009 | SUMMARY The mid term condition of the RRST I and RRST II monitoring sites has been reviewed primarily with respect to visual condition under the following grouping: 1. Concrete pavement 2. Sealed flexible pavement 3. Block pavement 4. Unsealed wearing course surface The review has highlighted key issues with respect the deterioration of poorly performing sites within each group, some of which are common to all groups, namely: 1. Sub-standard construction procedure or poor compliance with specifications has been shown to have a marked impact on the performance of all options. There is therefore an urgent need to address the issue of quality control and as –built quality assurance in the rural road sector in Vietnam. 2. None of the trial roads (apart from two that have been upgraded) have had any significant maintenance carried out on them. 3. Poor road management, either in identifying clearly the road task or in subsequently controlling overloaded traffic, has been shown to have a major impact on pavement performance. | |
| Case Study of Dak Lak RRST Pavement and Surface Deterioration - Ea Soup Road | SEACAP 24 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | Principal Report Conclusions: 1. The pavement design was suitable for Commune Road A traffic. 2. Some sections of the road were constructed with materials that were out-of-specification but even so the as-built condition was generally suitable for Commune Road A traffic although some sections would have required periodic maintenance during a 10-year design life. 3. The primary cause of initial road failure in the section km 2.7 to 3.9 has been the saturation and weakening of the pavement in that area caused by a combination of leakage from an adjacent elevated irrigation ditch and the lack of any side drainage. 4. If it is the intention to retain Ea Soup as a Commune Road it will be necessary to reconstruct the road pavement between km 2.7 and km 3.8 together with an adequate crown height and associated side drainage to counter the potential influence of the elevated irrigation ditch. 5. There were other smaller areas of pavement along the road that should also be repaired. 6. The nature of the traffic using this road should be monitored and if heavy vehicles are using it on a regular basis, steps should be taken either to restrict their access or strengthen the Penetration Macadam surfaced pavement with an additional structural overlay. | |
| Time & Distance Study, Cambodia | SEACAP 22 Presentation | Indochina Research (Cambodia) Ltd | Indochina Research | 2006 | SUMMARY COMMENTS - RECOMMENDATIONS Re-examining the study, one comes to very similar conclusions to those of an identical study in Laos: • The sample size per province, and the number of provinces chosen, were too small. • Combined with the quantity of segmentations offered (mode of transport and destination, optionally frequency of trips, etc.), this created too many sub segments that, given the sample size, could hardly have been significant. Thus, recommendations for future Time & Distance studies would be: • Sample -A larger sample size per province, so to guarantee that the theoretical sub-samples are large enough to allow for meaningful analysis • Locations -Instead of 3 diversified provinces, it would be better to choose pairs of provinces with similar socio-economic and infrastructural characteristics, and conduct comparative studies. That would also allow a more homogeneous sample, yielding statistically sounder results. • Questionnaire -should be simplified along the lines described previously and a section could be introduced, probing the interviewees' perceptions of distance, both with practical examples (and tests), and in the abstract. • Timing / Frequency -The study could be planned along the lines of a baseline survey, designed to be repeated at fixed intervals. | |
| Case Study of Dak Lak RRST Pavement and Surface Deterioration - Buon Ho Road | SEACAP 24 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | Shortly after its completion in 2006 the Buon Ho RRSR trial road in Dak Lak Province was reported to have suffered rapid deterioration on some sections. These trial sections of the Buon Ho road were designed with four different pavement options based on existing Commune Class A standards and the research guidelines developed for the RRSR programme. It was reported by local sources that uncontrolled heavy vehicle traffic had started to use the Buon Ho trial road almost immediately after completion and that rapid deterioration of the pavement had then taken place and continued until, by late 2007, the condition had deteriorated to such an extent in some places that most of this traffic opted not to use the road. An investigation contract was agreed between SEACAP/DfID and TRL Ltd and their Associates in September 2007 and a programme of field investigations undertaken which included desk studies; walkover surveys; inspection pits; in situ testing; laboratory testing and traffic analysis. | |
| SEACAP 27 - Mid Term Pavement Condition Monitoring of Rural Road Surfaces | Introduction & Key Issues - PPT | OtB Engineering; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | BACKGROUND SEACAP 27 was concerned primarily with the collection and analysis of pavement performance data from the Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) Trial road sections. This mid-term monitoring was seen an essential link in the ongoing analysis of rural road performance. SEACAP 27 was undertaken by TRL in association with OtB Engineering (International) with local support from TEDI, University of Transport & Communication (Hanoi) and ITST under the guidance of the RRSR Steering Committee. | |
| A Case Study of the Premature Failure of a Trial Road in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam | SEACAP 24: Buon Ho Case Study | OtB Engineering; TRL Ltd.; Transport Engineering Design Inc. (TEDI), Vietnam | Cook, J. R.;Rolt, J.;Dzung, B. T.;Tuan, P. G. | 2008 | Three trial roads were constructed in Dak Lak province under the RRST-II programme (2005-2006), which followed on from the earlier RRST-I (2002-2005) programme. Supervision was undertaken by local consultants with International Consultants Intech-TRL had an overall Quality Assurance and strategic guidance role. The trial roads in Dak Lak were completed by July 2006 and shortly after that in December 2006 the Buon Ho road was reported to have suffered rapid deterioration on some sections. The Dak Lak trial roads are located within the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. The Buon Ho deterioration was confirmed during a condition monitoring survey in March 2007 and recommendations were made as a research programme to investigate the causes, which was undertaken by TRL-OtB during late 2007 and early 2008. | |
| The Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) Database - A Summary of Structure and Content | SEACAP 27 - Technical Report 2 | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | BACKGROUND The RRSR database has developed out of a number of SEACAP projects as means of managing the information relating to DfID research into rural road surfaces and pavements in Vietnam. The principal sources of this information are as follows: • SEACAP 1 (Modules 1-5): Construction and initial condition monitoring information of Rural Road Surfacing Trials (RRST) Phases I and II; 2003-06. • SEACAP 1 (Module 6): One interim monitoring phase of representative RRST I and II trial sections; 2007-08. • SEACAP 4: Information recovered from the Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme (RRGAP) relating to the condition of a representative range of World Bank-funded Rural Transport 1 (RT1) and Rural Transport 2 (RT2) unsealed roads; 2004-05. • SEACAP 27: Mid –term monitoring of representative RRST I and II trial sections; 2007-09. • SEACAP 30: Preparation of proposed designs for RRST Phase III construction. | |
| Case Study of Dak Lak RRST Pavement and Surface Deterioration | SEACAP 24 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R.;Dzung, B. T. | 2008 | SEACAP 24 is concerned primarily with research into the premature failure of two RRST-II trial roads in Dak Lak province – Boun Ho and Ea Soup. The objective as defined in the ToR is, “…. to understand the causes of the unexpected deterioration ….. in order to reduce the risk of recurrence in the future”. The two roads Buon Ho and Ea Soup were constructed as part of the RRST-II programme between March and the end of June 2006. By the end December 2006 both roads were showing signs of very significant deterioration – although as regards Ea Soup in a distinct area only. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 11 - Integrated Slope Stability Management | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Key elements of integrated slope stability management • Knowledge of existing landslide locations, above, below & through road • Assessment of the hazard and risk posed by these landslides to the road and its traffic, and prioritisation of mitigation works accordingly • Selection & design remedial works on the basis of a sound knowledge of landslide extent, depth, failure type & materials • Implementation of remedial works according to design and specification, ensuring quality of construction and monitor ground conditions during construction • Application of the same approach to new landslides that are triggered during heavy rain, for example • Management of road drainage & spoil to minimise impact on slope stability & erosion • Use of bio-engineering to help remedy shallow landslides and reduce slope erosion, and protection works in streams to minimise stream erosion • Quality control, supervision and good site preparation. | |
| SEACAP 22 - Time and Distance Study - Vietnam | Final Report | Transport Development & Strategy Institute (TDSI) | Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI), Vietnam | 2006 | This report describes the investigations, conclusions and recommendations of the “Time and Distance Study ” – SEACAP 022/001. The objectives of this Study are to improve the rural transport statistical analysis methods through a direct interview approach with the participation of local people to: (i) analyze and assess the travelling pattern of the rural people, and (ii) review the reliability of the data. A sample of Six communes was selected to be included in this new survey methodology. These were 2 communes of Son La province (being representative of the mountainous terrain), 2 communes of Thanh Hoa province (being representative of the plains terrain) and 2 communes of An Giang province (being representative of the delta terrain). On average, 100 households were interviewed in each commune. There was a diversity among the six rural communes of the three surveyed provinces with respect to the transport network characteristics and socio – economic conditions. This diversity had certainly affected the quality of the interview replies, obtained through surveys of their travelled time (t) and distance (d) estimations, and the errors of their estimations. However, the social backgrounds of the interviewees were relatively representative for local people of the surveyed communes. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 10: Bio-engineering | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | CONTENTS 10.1 Functions of bio-engineering 10.2 Plants and their engineering capabilities 10.3 Nurseries and growing seasons 10.4 Bio-engineering application 10.5 Slope maintenance strategies 10.6 Field demonstrations. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 8 Remedial Measures: Design, 8.5 and 8.6 Retaining Walls | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Part 2 – Retaining walls 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 9) Reinforced soil walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) | |
| Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 9 - Remedial Measures: Construction Practice | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | CONTENTS 9.1 Spoil Management • 9.2 Cut and Fill Slopes • 9.3 Drainage • 9.4 Wall Construction • 9.5 Site Safety | |
| Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management - Theme 8 Remedial Measures: Design | 8.3 Cross Section Design, 8.4 Earthworks Design, (including 8.7 slope drainage) | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Part 1 - Slopes 1) Overview of basic soil mechanics (Introduction), 2) Soil Slope stability analysis (Theme 8.1). • why slopes fail, • failure shapes • how each is analysed • Use of slope stability analysis programs. • Forward and back analysis to diagnose problems. 3) Rock Slope stability (Theme 8.2) 4) Cross section design (Theme 8.3) 5) Earthworks design • new cuttings and embankments (Theme 8.4) • Remedial works to improve stability (Theme 8.4) Part 2 – Retaining walls 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 9) Reinforced soil walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6). | |
| Theme 8.2 - Remedial Measures: Design | 8.2 – Rock Slope Stability Assessment | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Rock Slope Stability – Why Bother? • Steeper Slopes = Less Excavation Cost • Rock slope failures on a road can result in: - Possible injury or loss of life - Additional cost of removing material - Disruption to traffic / communication - Expensive remedial works | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 8 Remedial Measures: Design, 8.1 Slope stability analysis | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Part 1 - Slopes 1) Overview of basic soil mechanics (Introduction), 2) Soil Slope stability analysis (Theme 8.1). • why slopes fail, • failure shapes • how each is analysed • Use of slope stability analysis programs. • Forward and back analysis to diagnose problems. 3) Rock Slope stability (Theme 8.2) 4) Cross section design (Theme 8.3) 5) Earthworks design • new cuttings and embankments (Theme 8.4) • Remedial works to improve stability (Theme 8.4) Part 2 – Retaining walls 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) 9) Reinforced soil walls (Themes 8.5 and 8.6) | |
| SEACAP 22 “Time & Distance Study”, Lao PDR | Final Report | Indochina Research (Cambodia) Ltd | Indochina Research (Cambodia) Ltd | 2006 | This survey has been conducted in 3 diverse settings in Laos to develop technical guidance for the World Bank & SEACAP in designing surveys which are to include relevant and effective questions on travel time and distance. The survey sample included 3 provinces, covering the different terrain conditions of Laos: • Oudomxay - Mountainous, heavily wooded, North, 230K inhabitants • Xiengkhuang - Agricultural hilly plateau, N-East, 210K inhabitants • Saravanh - Mostly flat & rural, South, 290K inhabitants For each province, 2 districts (1 rural, 1 remote) were selected. In each district, 10 villages distributed within a 25km-plus radius were selected. 10 random interviews per villages were conducted. Thus the sample was 100 per district, Laos N = 600. The survey used face-to-face interviews, based on a structured closed questionnaire. Fieldwork was conducted between May 14th and June 4th 2006. The results were subjected to a detailed analysis (described in the document), and can be thus resumed, referring to SEACAP's ToR original questions (Annex 1): • How reliable are reported distances as proxies of actual distances? • How reliable are reported times as proxies of actual times? | |
| Project “Time & Distance Study” Cambodia | Final Report | Indochina Research (Cambodia) Ltd | Indochina Research (Cambodia) Ltd | 2006 | SEACAP aims at improving the quality of statistical data for travel indicators and at developing a technical guidance note on the relative and absolute reliability and accuracy of time and distance reports. The present survey has been conducted in 3 diverse settings in Cambodia to develop technical guidance for the World Bank & SEACAP in designing surveys which are to include relevant and effective questions on travel time and distance. Together with a parallel survey in Laos, this survey addresses the distance estimates made by respondents in terms of: • How reliable are reported distances as proxies of actual distances? • How reliable are reported times as proxies of actual times? • How can travel times be explained by travel distances? • What is the impact of personal characteristics on reported & actual travel times? • Which measure, time or distance, is recommended as probably more reliable and relevant • under particular circumstances – and why? • How should time and/or distance questions be best phrased in each survey? | |
| SEACAP 21 Landslide Management Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management | Theme 7 Remedial Measures: Selection of Options | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Landslide Management Procedural steps • Use of Slope and Roadside Inspections to Identify Slope Problems (Theme 4) • Use of Slope and Roadside Assessments to Diagnose the Problems (Theme 4) • Assess the Level of Hazard and Risk Posed by each Problem to the Operation and Stability of the Road and Adjacent Features (houses etc) and Prioritise Accordingly (Theme 5) • Determine the Need for Engineering Geological Investigation and Carry out if Necessary (Theme 6) • Review and Select Remedial Options. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management to Laos Practitioners | Theme 6 Engineering Geological Assessments, 6.1 – Topographic survey | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Topography and Landforms • Compass traverse – easy, quick, imprecise. Errors in this is normally of the orders of metres. Useful for rapid geological or geomorphological assessments. • Theodolite / Levelling or EDM Survey – relatively easy to complete. Becomes time consuming in areas without good lines of sight. Precision is in the order of mm in X, Y and Z directions. • Digital photogrammetry – expensive but can cover large areas in relatively short periods and provide good. Added benefit of having aerial photographs for interpretation. • LiDAR / Laser scanning – laser distance measurement. A powerful survey method that can be employed on the ground or be airbourne. Normally will give precision in the order of mm, BUT can have large errors in heavily vegetated terrains. • Airbourne / Satellite based remote sensing – good for large areas but generally scans vegetation surfaces and is of limited use for landslide investigations. | |
| SEACAP 21 Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management to Laos Practitioners | Theme 6 Engineering Geological Assessments, 6.2 – Engineering Geological Mapping | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | ACTIVITIES • Initial Assessment of Slope Failure / Landslide • Topographic Survey • Engineering Geological Mapping • Ground Investigation & Monitoring – Yes/No? • Design of Stabilisation Works | |
| SEACAP 21 Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management – Hazard and Risk Assessment | Theme 5 - Slope Instability Hazard and Risk Assessment | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Landslide Hazard • A landslide hazard is a slope failure or slope movement that has the potential to cause damage. It is defined by: • Size and depth of failure • Frequency and speed of movement Landslide Risk • Landslide risk is the actual or expected loss caused by a landslide hazard occurring. It Is defined by: • Landslide hazard • Location of the hazard in relation to the road (above, below or through • The vulnerability of the road structures to damage • Their combined value • Other related costs ( maintenance costs, traffic delays & social costs) | |
| SEACAP 21 Practitioner Training | Theme 4 - Slope and Roadside Inspections and Assessments | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Routine Inspections • Three times a year; before, during and after the wet season • Emergency inspections when problems first reported Detailed Inspections • Use of SMM figure 3-1 • Detailed inspection procedure | |
| SEACAP 21: Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management to Lao Practitioners | Theme 5 - Slope Instability Hazard and Risk - Addendum | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | ‘Simple' Definition of Landslide Hazard and Risk • Landslide hazard defines the potential of a landslide to cause damage over a given time, for example the life of a road • Landslide risk defines the potential or actual losses that might result as a result of these landslide hazards occurring. These losses are usually measured in economic terms, but social losses (injury/fatality and loss of livelihood) can also occur. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Slope Stability Management | Theme 3 Introduction to Slope Stability Management | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Introduction to Slope Stability Management 3.1 Slope hazard mapping for route selection 3.2 Slope hazard inventory for roadside slope management 3.3 Engineering practice to minimise roadside slope stability hazards 3.4 Engineering mitigation of specific roadside slope stability hazards 3.5 Monitoring | |
| SEACAP 21 - Theme 2 Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | Theme 2.4 Engineering effects | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Engineering Effects • Cut Slopes • Fill Slopes • Spoil disposal • Retaining wall foundations • Road runoff | |
| SEACAP 21 - Theme 2 Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | Theme 2.3 – River & Stream Erosion | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | River Bank Erosion The factors controlling river bank erosion include: • The rate and amount of sediment supply • The rate and amount of water supply • The geology of the catchment area • Vegetation cover and land use in the catchment area. | |
| SEACAP 21 - Theme 2 Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | 2.2 – Climate and Rainfall | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Laos Climate – Main points • Tropical monsoon climate, with a pronounced rainy season from May through to October. • A cool dry season from November through February, and a hot dry season in March and April. • Generally, monsoons occur at the same time across the country, although that time may vary significantly from one year to the next. • Widespread, extreme rainfall often associated with typhoons tracking inland from South China Sea or Gulf of Thailand. | |
| SEACAP 21: Theme 2 - Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos | Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management – Hazard and Risk Assessment – to Laos Practitioners | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Factors Influencing Slope Stability in Laos 2.1 Topography and Geology 2.2 Climate and Rainfall 2.3 River and Stream Erosion 2.4 Engineering Effects. | |
| SEACAP 21: Theme 1 - Types of Slope Instability Affecting the Laos Road Network | Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management – Hazard and Risk Assessment – to Laos Practitioners | Scott Wilson | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2009 | Landslide mechanism refers to the ‘geometry' of the surface(s) along with failure takes place. Landslides are generally classified according to whether they are: • Slides (failing on discrete surfaces) • Falls (detached material from steep slopes – frequent in cut slopes) • Flows (often fast moving movements containing high water content) Landslide mechanisms are usually determined by the materials involved: • Soil derived from in situ weathering of rock (varies between sand or clay, depending on parent material and degree of weathering) • Soil derived from downslope movement of material over time (colluvium) • Rock (not yet weathered to form a soil and stability is controlled by jointing pattern). | |
| Mainstreaming Slope Stability Management into The National University of Lao Courses and the MPWT | Terminal Report | Scott Wilson; Lao Consulting Group; SD & XP Consultants Group | Scott Wilson Group plc.;Lao Consulting Group;SD & XP Consultants Group | 2009 | At National University of Lao, dissemination activities included one short presentation and one three-hour seminar on the work undertaken in SEACAP 21. In all, up to 90 students and lecturers were in attendance and both meetings were well received. Six undergraduates are preparing theses on three of the six sites and copies of all the relevant data were provided to them. Three on-site training visits were sponsored; one for selected students and lecturers from NUoL and two for the staff of the Ministry and Departments of Public Works and Transport. In all, staff from four of the most severely affected mountain province DPWTs were given an overview of the methods of site assessment and interpretation of the slope stability problems, along with detailed discussions on the findings and the proposed stabilisation and protection works. A number of technical books and other publications dealing with slope stabilisation related matters were procured and presented to the Department of Civil Engineering library. Technical papers are currently under preparation for anticipated publication in ‘Ground Engineering' and the 2009 Regional Conference of the Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia. | |
| Slope Maintenance Manual | Scott Wilson; Lao Consulting Group | Scott Wilson Group plc.;Lao Consulting Group | 2008 | The instability of slopes and walls adjacent to the hilly and mountain roads of Laos creates a considerable annual problem. During each wet season, failures occur and roads are blocked or sometimes completely severed. This can cause significant disruption to traffic. High annual maintenance costs are incurred to keep the roads open. In this environment, natural instability is common, and the introduction of a road network into this environment is subjected to the same natural processes. Under these circumstances, it would be totally impractical and, in reality, impossible to attempt to stabilise all the areas of instability affecting the road network. This Slope Maintenance Manual has drawn extensively on road construction and maintenance experience in south-east and south Asia over the past twenty years. The emphasis is on practical guidelines for the prioritisation and maintenance of existing slopes and retaining walls, particularly those that are undergoing or have undergone severe distress or failure. The Manual does not attempt to repeat topics covered in standard textbooks on the design of highways, retaining walls and cut slopes. | ||
| Feasibility Study for a National Programme to Manage Slope Stability | Contract No SEACAP 21/002 Final Report: Background Paper | Scott Wilson; Lao Consulting Group; SD & XP Consultants Group | Scott Wilson Group plc.;Lao Consulting Group;SD & XP Consultants Group | 2008 | This document provides the in-depth background material that supports the Consultant's report on the Feasibility Study for a National Programme to Manage Slope Stability, and the proposed programme that is contained within that report. Most of the material represents a collection of data and analysis of it, in relation to the technical, economic and organisational aspects of slope management in the Lao road sector. The material presented may be incomplete, as it is based only on the information that could be gathered and assessed during a very brief, reconnaissance level review. This document should therefore not be considered either exhaustive or definitive. | |
| Slope Maintenance Site Handbook | (In English and Lao language) | Scott Wilson; Lao Consulting Group | Scott Wilson Group plc.;LCG Consultants | 2008 | The work involved in maintaining slopes is divided into three main categories under the MPWT's Road Management System: • Routine Maintenance, which is required continually on every road because of progressive changes to the slopes, drainage and vegetation; • Emergency Maintenance, which is needed to deal with emergencies and problems calling for immediate action when a road is threatened or closed; and • Rehabilitation and Improvement, which is required to adapt the road to the changing nature of slopes and streams. This Handbook provides guidance on the implementation of all of the main off-road problems with particular respect to slopes, but does not cover culverts or bridges. | |
| SEACAP 020 | Enhancing the use of locally made, low cost equipment for the road sector | Cardno IT Transport; Khmer Consultant Engineering Corporation (KCEC), Cambodia; Vietnam Institute of Transport Science and Technology (ITST) | Cardno IT Transport (ITT);Khmer Consultant Engineering Corporation (KCEC), Cambodia;Vietnam Institute of Transport Science and Technology (ITST) | 2007 | Modules • Towed Grader module • Mobile Stone Crusher module • Survey module | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards, Cambodia | Vietnam Rural Road Trials - Concrete Sections | TRL Ltd.; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | Vietnam Rural Road Research Programme Trial roads in 2 Phases RRST I Completed mainly March – May 2005 RRST II Completed May-July 2006 Variety of unsealed, sealed and rigid pavement options. Concrete trial options - Bamboo reinforced concrete pavement (BRCP) - Steel reinforced concrete pavement (SRCP) - Non-reinforced concrete pavement (NRCP) | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards | SEACAP 19 - Task 7: Pilot Road Materials Database (PRDM) | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | The development of a sustainable and affordable rural road network relies greatly on the appropriate use of local construction materials. There is therefore a fundamental need within Cambodia to assemble a database and information system of practical road construction materials. A National Road Materials Database (NRDM) can play a key role in the dissemination of information on local materials and indicate their most appropriate use. Hence the development of a Pilot Road Materials Database (PRDM) within the current SEACAP 19 project in Cambodia. | |
| Enhancing the Use of Locally Made, Low Cost Equipment for the Road Sector (SEACAP 020) | Combined Module Report (Final) | Cardno IT Transport | Abedin, M.;Ahmed, F.;Taylor, G.;Dennis, R. | 2008 | This report presents the findings of a study entitled “Enhancing the Use of Locally Made, Low Cost Equipment for the Road Sector” undertaken in three countries in South East Asia: Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. The project is financed by DFID, UK under its South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP). The main objective of the project was to identify “ways to improve the availability and accessibility of equipment that is necessary and appropriate for the rural road technologies that are emerging from SEACAP projects”. The project has four main modules. This report is concerned with three of them: (i) the survey module (which focuses on the identification of necessary equipment, the assessment of their demand and supply and the estimation of their performance and costs); (ii) the towed grader module (which focuses on towed graders and considers their suitability and cost effectiveness compared to other grader types); and (iii) the mobile small-scale stone crusher module (examines the suitability of mobile crushers in the production of quality and economical crushed aggregate). The study findings are drawn mainly from the evidence generated through interviews with small-scale contractors in Cambodia and Vietnam and with Key Informants in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. | |
| Rural Road Standards and Specifications: Classification, Geometric Standards and Pavement Options | SEACAP 19 - Final Project Report | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE) | TRL Ltd.;OtB;KACE | 2009 | This principal objective of this document is to describe proposed rural road Classification and Geometric Standards that are recommended for formal adoption by the Ministry of Rural Development. It is also includes technical explanations of all the steps in deriving the classification and geometric standards as well as containing a matrix of structural designs for suitable for use with the proposed classification and standards. A summary of the Rural Road Classification and Geometric Standards is included as an appendix to the document. This is essentially a summary of the classification and geometric standards without any technical details of their derivation. It is aimed at the engineer or planner who simply needs to look-up the values of all the key parameters. This document focuses on pavement issues and does not deal with structures (bridges and culverts), earthworks, drainage or maintenance issues. | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards | SEACAP 19-03 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE) | Rolt, J.;Cook, J. R.;Kackada, H. | 2009 | TERMS OF REFERENCE OUTPUTS • Classification of LVRRs with geometric specifications • Guideline document • Matrix of pavement and surfacing options • Presentation of the above. | |
| Review of Draft Low Cost Structures Manual | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No 8 | TRL Ltd.; Intech Associates; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE) | Petts, R. C. | 2008 | A Low Cost Structures manual was developed to a preliminary draft stage using DfID funding under the previous Knowledge and Research (KaR) programme (Assignment R6851). The draft document has been recognised as an important knowledge compilation but was required to be completed, finalised and disseminated to achieve benefit from the already substantial investment. There is also an identified need to assess this document in the context of the Cambodian rural road environment and its applicability to the up-dating of Cambodian Rural Road Standards. A SEACAP 19 inception phase review of this Task has highlighted the following points: The defined aim of this task is not to produce a final version of the Low Cost Structures Manual, but to assess the status and applicability of an existing draft document. The first key activity is to review the status of the unfinished manual and to estimate the work and additional associated resources required to complete it. The manual as it stands should then be reviewed as to its potential usefulness within the Cambodian Low Volume Rural Road (LVRR) context in particular and the regional environments in general. Suggestions should be made, in conjunction with local stakeholders, as to any further work, including field trials, which may be required. | |
| Study of Road Embankment Erosion and Protection | SEACAP 19 - TASK 6 Embankment Protection | TRL Ltd.; Living Resources | Howell, J. | 2008 | Two main areas of focus: • Roads running close to major river channels, subject to periodic flood damage; and • Roads on embankments, far from river channels but badly affected in high flood years. • First is quite limited in extent. • Second can be a serious, widespread problem. Summary of the proposed way forward RESEARCH STRATEGY • Mainly focus on low cost, vegetation-based protection of road embankments at a distance from roads. • Additional work to resolve remaining uncertainties of river bank erosion affecting roads. • Strong emphasis on making existing and new knowledge available in a timely way. SUGGESTED IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS • MPWT should take the lead as the agency with the biggest interest. • Research to involve ITC and MRD as key research collaborators. The irrigation sector (through the MWRM) may also be important contributors. • Methodological and documentary outputs are specifically to serve the two ministries' immediate needs. | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards | SEACAP 19 - Introduction and Summary of Project Outputs | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2007 | SEACAP 19 TASKS & OUTPUTS TASK 1 – BRC Pavements TASK 2 – Engineered Natural Pavements TASK 3 – Stabilisation Techniques TASK 4 – WBM & Other Pavement Options TASK 5 – Pavement Upgrading TASK 6 – Embankment Protection TASK 7 – Materials Database TASK 8 – Small Structures Manual TASK 9 – Unit Rate Costing System. | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards | SEACAP 19 - Ministerial Technical Summary | TRL Ltd.; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | SEACAP 19 – PROJECT AIMS The refinement and mainstreaming of important cost-saving, sustainable and locally appropriate techniques in road construction leading to the improvement of current rural road design and maintenance standards and guidelines. SUMMARY ISSUES • Designs or options need to meet road task requirements (Task-Based) • Designs based on available material, human and construction resources (Resource-Based) • Designs appropriate to the road environment (Environmentally Optimised). | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards | SEACAP 19 - Highlights and Key Issues | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2009 | Presentation highlights some of the Key Issues and Outputs of the Project SEACAP 19 | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards | SEACAP19 - Task 2 Engineering Natural Surface Roads: Data Collection | TRL Ltd.; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | BACKGROUND TO FIELD DATA COLLECTION The next key stage of the project is to survey existing ENS roads in Cambodia. Sections of road that have performed well and sections that have performed badly need to be sampled and their characteristics recorded in order to determine the relative importance of each factor and to define the conditions that need to be met for an ENS to be viable. The Technical Paper “Behaviour of Natural Surfaces for Roads” includes in it a list of key field and laboratory criteria identified for analysis. Data to be collected from representative range of ENS roads from Sim Reap; Kampot, Kandal and Ratanakirri. | |
| Development of Local Resource Based Standards in Cambodia | SEACAP 19 - Task 1: BRC Pavements | TRL Ltd.; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE); Intech Associates | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT • The principles of bamboo reinforcement for pavements • Theoretical considerations • Practical evidence - Puok market road and results from Vietnam • Conclusions RECENT EXPERIENCES BRCP constructed at Puok market with ILO • dowelled joints • no real ‘control' section (i.e. with no reinforcement) As part of the SEACAP programme in South East Asia, trials of bamboo and steel reinforced concrete pavements have been built in Vietnam. | |
| Unit Rate Costing System Review | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper 9 | TRL Ltd. | Ahmedi, A.;Morosiuk, G. | 2009 | The SEACAP 19 Task 9 ToR require a Unit rate-costing system that will: • Prepare a unit rate-costing system which relates to materials, surface options and expected maintenance costs. • Prepare the computer program to do this with supporting guidelines for operation. • Present the outcome to the stakeholders. • Upload the outcomes of the research onto the CNCTP and gTKP websites. On proceeding with this assignment it was noted that a unit rate costing system had in fact already been prepared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT). The system was in fact quite comprehensive. The costing system relates to materials, equipment and labour used for road works. Following discussions with the Ministry this study therefore focused on the review of the system. Essentially this constituted reviewing the “Construction Cost Analysis” - (CCA) document proposed by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT). This document in turn relates to the MPWT Cambodian Construction Specification. | |
| South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP 17) | Introduction and Overview | Roughton International; Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | Roughton International;Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | 2007 | Construction of Pavement Trials with low cost pavements for low volume road rural access • Fund by ADB Loan for the construction, Grant aided by DfID for Technical Assistant and construction supervision, and budget from the Government of Lao PDR • Collaboration between MCTPC, SEACAP (DfID) and ADB in NEC Project • Contract duration: 15/Jan/06 – 14/Sep/07 • Actual Completion: 23/Aug/07 • Employer: Ministry of CTPC • Consultant: Roughton International (UK) in association with Lao Transport Engineering Consult (LTEC) • Contractor: Guangdong No.3 Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Engineering Board (PR China). | |
| Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Pavements | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No 1 | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J. | 2008 | To be completed | |
| Behaviour of Engineered Natural Surfaced Roads: Experimental Evidence in Cambodia | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No 2.2 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE) | Rolt, J.;Cook, J. R.;Kackada, H. | 2008 | This report forms part of Task 2 of the SEACAP 19 programme. It is concerned with the behaviour of engineered roads with only the natural soil as surfacing (ENS roads). The objective is to define the conditions under which an earth surface is a reasonable choice of road surface type to use. A review of the subject was carried out earlier (Technical Paper No 2.1, ‘Behaviour of engineered natural surfaced roads') the purpose of which was to identify the principal factors on which the performance of an earth road depends so that a field survey of actual performance in Cambodia could be designed to record values of the important variables and to help define critical limits. This report outlines the field survey that was undertaken and the results of a comprehensive analysis of behaviour. A slice-in-time method' of study was adopted in which the performances of existing roads were quantified and their properties measured. In this way a much larger sample of roads could be studied with the resources available and therefore a much wider range of the key variables could be included. | |
| Behaviour of Engineered Natural Surfaced Roads | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No. 2.1 | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J. | 2007 | The general subject of Engineered Natural Surfaced (ENS) roads and their provision is very wide, covering planning, design, construction, management, water crossing structures, community involvement, economics, maintenance, management etc.. ENS can also encompass a wide range of natural materials, from in situ rock to weak soils. This review is primarily concerned with the basic behaviour of the ‘pavement' itself, defined in this context as the road surfacing and the layers of natural insitu materials in the zone below the surface. The review also concentrates on the use of “earth” materials; or those materials whose quality could be categorised as below that which is normally acceptable for use as an unsealed gravel wearing course. Within this definition the overall objective of Task 2 in the SEACAP 19 programme is to define the conditions under which an earth surface is a reasonable choice of road surface type to use. Thus it is assumed that along the route water crossings are adequate for all-year access and that, provided the earth surface is sufficiently durable and socially acceptable, then such a solution can be viable. The purpose of this review is to identify all the principal factors on which the performance of an earth road depends. | |
| Stabilisation Techniques to Improve Local Materials for Rural Road Pavements in Cambodia | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No. 3 | TRL Ltd.; OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R.;O'Connell, M. | 2008 | Quality gravels are not readily available throughout Cambodia and are a limited and often low quality resource. Shortages of materials for road building should cause engineers to consider the stabilisation of those materials available rather than hauling better materials long distances. If suitable materials are available, this can be done most cheaply by mechanical stabilisation which is simply blending two or more materials together to obtain the required engineering properties before using them on the road. The second alternative is to bind the existing materials together using a hydraulic binder such as cement or lime. The choice of which binder to use depends largely upon the host material. Cement is generally more suitable for soils with a low plasticity, and lime is more suitable for those with a higher plasticity. There is some crossover for those materials with low to medium plasticity where either cement or lime can be used, and sometimes it is suitable to use both either at the same time or in sequence. Whereas (Portland) cement is only available from large scale industrial production, lime from burning limestone may be produced from small scale industry as well as from large scale production facilities. | |
| Study of Road Embankment Erosion and Protection | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No. 6 | TRL Ltd. | Howell, J. | 2008 | This Technical Paper assesses the erosion of road embankments in the Mekong flood plains, and the possibility of using low cost approaches to mitigate the damage and includes the following key elements: • An in-depth review of the subject background. This provides an assessment of the rural road environment in the lower flood plains of Cambodia, and the key environmental and technical issues associated with the prevention of river bank erosion and road embankment slope deterioration by the erosive action of rainfall and flooding. • A proposal covering the perceived need for research in this area, and an outline of how this might be done through suitable trials to develop technical solutions appropriate to the Cambodian environment. The techniques proposed are low cost and innovative, using bio-engineering as their basis. • A summary of site investigations undertaken as part of the SEACAP 19 Task 6 programme. | |
| Economic Evaluation for Low Volume Rural Road Upgrading | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No. 5 | TRL Ltd.; Khmer Associates Consulting Engineers Ltd. (KACE) | Cook, J. R.;Kackada, H. | 2009 | This document aims to identify the way forward for developing practical procedures to evaluate and justify the upgrading of unsealed LVRRs in Cambodia. The role of economic evaluation is summarised and existing procedures are briefly reviewed as to their usefulness within the Cambodian rural infrastructure environment. Knowledge gaps are identified and a Concept Note for taking the research forward is attached as an Appendix. There are serious challenges to be met in Cambodia in terms of identifying appropriate road engineering solutions; managing the maintenance requirements; and securing suitable funding. Planning techniques that are often applied in Cambodia generally do not consider whole life costing and draw little distinction between low-volume rural roads and busy national or provincial roads. Hence the economic evaluation and technical sustainability of upgrading low volume roads in Cambodia have rarely been adequately addressed. In traditional approaches to undertaking an economic analysis, the basic objective is to determine the optimum mix between the costs of the project (related to the design standard) and the benefits from the project in terms of transport cost savings and other secondary benefits such as social and environmental benefits. The purpose is to find the investment option that minimises life cycle costs. | |
| Performance Monitoring of Rural Roads in North West Lao | SEACAP 17.02 PowerPoint | OtB Engineering; Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | Cook, J. R.;Meksavanh, B. | 2009 | SEACAP 17 designed and constructed a series of (paving) trial sections along rural access roads being upgraded as part of the ADB funded section of the Northern Economic Corridor (NEC) within the Huay Xai district in Bokeo Province. The construction 12 trials sections and associated 7 gravel control sections was completed in August 2007. The development of new pavement requires that their performance be investigated within the road environments within which they are designed to operate. Their deterioration characteristics need to be identified in order to establish their suitability and their Whole Life Costs and define the limits of their appropriate usage. | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Upgrade Options | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No. 4 | TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R.;Kackada, H. | 2008 | There is an increasing recognition that it is a major challenge for engineers and road managers to provide and maintain all weather rural access on a sustainable basis with the limited available resources. For many programmes unsealed gravel roads are still seen by donors and road engineers as the optimum solution. However, this view has been coming under increasing criticism both from rural road practitioners, particularly in regions such as S E Asia that have high and intense rainfall patterns. There has in consequence in the last 10-15 years been an increased research emphasis on establishing viable upgrade alternatives to the use of unsealed gravel surfaces. | |
| Pilot Road Materials Database | SEACAP 19 - Technical Paper No. 7 | TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R.;Kackada, H. | 2008 | SEACAP has included the development of a Pilot Road Materials Database (PRDM) within its current SEACAP 19 project in Cambodia. The main task objective was to establish a materials database methodology through the assembly of a pilot computer-based system, which would then be available for subsequent expansion to a National scale. A key objective in sustainable road construction is to best match the available construction material to its function in the road and the effective use of natural resources enables a better and more sustainable development of rural infrastructure within limited budgets. This, together with the need for the management of scarce financial resources, means that widespread use of local materials is essential for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRRs). | |
| Institutional, Incentive and Capacity Study of the Local Transport Network | Final Report | Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI), Vietnam; WSP International | Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI), Vietnam;WSP International | 2005 | This Study on “Institutional, Incentive and Capacity Analysis of the Rural Transport Sector in Vietnam” was carried out between October 2004 and April 2005 by the Transport Development and Strategy Institute supported by WSP International as part of the South-East Asia Community Access Program (SEACAP). The aims of the study are (i) to undertake an analysis of institutional issues on which a general plan can be developed for the whole sector to improve the allocation of resources and to improve management and maintenance of the rural road network; (ii) to facilitate dialogue between Government, local administrations and the donor community to develop a practical plan for the sector with effective mechanisms and improved implementation. | |
| Local Resource Solutions to Problematic Rural Road Access in Lao (PDR) | SEACAP 17: Rural Access Roads on Route No.3, Module 3 – Data Interpretation Report | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2008 | Having completed the construction of the SEACAP access roads and collected the base data as described in the Module 2 report this report concentrates on the interpretation of the data. While significant knowledge was gained during the construction phase of this project, little performance data is available as only the basic post-construction data has been collected. Algorithms defining under which conditions particular surface types are best suited have been formulated, however, only after the long term monitoring of the pavements will it be possible to derive relationships between surface performance and key road environment factors. Environmentally Optimised Design (EOD) and Spot Improvement Design (SID) are discussed in combination as a road design tool that considers the variation of the different road environments along the length of the road and the need to tailor design to the relevant circumstances of each critical section. Based on knowledge of the key factors of geometry, pavement structure, drainage, and slope stability the optimum road construction can be selected and designed. | |
| Local Resource Solutions to Problematic Rural Road Access in Lao (PDR) | SEACAP 17: Rural Access Roads on Route No.3, Module 4 – Information Dissemination and Training Report | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2008 | SEACAP 17 aims at identifying cost-effective methods of improving all-year access to the rural poor through low-cost locally resource based improvement of problematic lengths of road resulting in sustainable rural access roads. Having completed the design and construction of the pavement trials, conducted the baseline data capture and planned a future programme of monitoring all engineering aspects of this project are completed. However, importantly, all of this will be in vain unless the awareness of good practice experience from this project is disseminated at the national, sub-regional and international levels. Throughout this project the transfer of knowledge and the dissemination of the information attained have been taken as one of the key aspects of the SEACAP programme. ‘Dissemination' has been achieved by a number of different methods during the course of this project, namely: • Workshops • Training • Guidelines and Specifications • Mainstreaming These dissemination methods are described in this report. | |
| Local Resource Solutions to Problematic Rural Road Access in Lao (PDR) | SEACAP 17 Rural Access Roads on Route No.3, Module 2 – Completion of Construction Report | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2008 | Owing to the long term nature of this project there are only limited conclusions to be drawn at this intermediate stage. The design process has shown the need for experienced engineers to spend some time in the field understanding the particular problems of the route(s) and exploring the various possible solutions. Solutions adopted should take account of both local materials and any available local skills. The construction process has provided data regarding the cost of constructing various types of alternative pavement and the problems which may be found in their construction. It has also highlighted the problems which can be encountered when trying to implement a research operation on the back of a regular commercial construction contract. The collection of baseline data has illustrated some problems likely to affect long term data collection systems. Cost data shows, unsurprisingly, that improved pavements cost more. Accordingly it is recommended that a Spot Improvement philosophy be considered as the normal approach to basic access road provision whereby the simplest pavement structures be used for undemanding sections of road and the higher cost, improved structures be used on sections prone to failure, typically steep gradients. This same philosophy applied during alignment design may be used to limit construction costs by permitting the use of more extreme alignments and thus reducing earthworks and, sometimes, acquisition costs. | |
| Local Resource Solutions to Problematic Rural Roads Access in Lao PDR | SEACAP 17 - Module 1 - Main Report | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2005 | The SEACAP 17 Project aims to identify cost-effective community orientated approaches for improving all year access to remote rural areas through a low-cost and local resource based improvement of roads. The trials will be undertaken as part of the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) funded Northern Economic Corridor (NEC) Project by way of trial sections on the access roads linking Route 3 with the outlying villages. Progress The main activities completed under Module 1 were the preparation of the trail pavement designs, specifications and cost estimates and the drafting of the data collection programme, training and dissemination strategies. The SEACAP designs were incorporated into the NEC standard bid documents and submitted to MCTPC in March 2005. MCTPC issued the invitation for bids on the 11th May 2005 with a bid closing date of 1st July 2005. Bids were submitted in two envelopes – technical and financial. The technical bids have been opened and are being evaluated. Prior to financial bid opening an addendum to incorporate the SEACAP trials is to be issued to the qualified bidders, who will resubmit their financial bids. | |
| Performance Monitoring of the NEC-ADB Package I Trial and Gravel Roads | SEACAP 17.02 FINAL REPORT | OtB Engineering; Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | OtB;Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | 2009 | The interim survey of trials road condition has raised some important issues regarding the selection and maintenance of LVRR pavement and surfacing options in Lao, namely: • The unsealed block option with sand joints is not likely to be a sustainable option unless regular maintenance is undertaken on the joints. Mortared joints or some form of resistant bitumen-sand mix are likely to be more sustainable options. More stringent compliance with block strength requirements may be required in future use of this option. • The hand packed stone and mortared stone options have not been successful. Indications are that problems during construction may have contributed to their current deteriorating condition. • The sand sealed option is showing signs of serious deterioration and without immediate maintenance this could escalate rapidly. • The geocell options are performing well, although the deterioration of the surface screed and joint areas should be monitored for indication of any more serious consequential defects. • The concrete options require ongoing maintenance to the inter-slab seals, otherwise only occasion localised cracking is evident. The SC17.02 survey has confirmed the need for ongoing regular monitoring of these sites if any meaningful outcomes are to be achieved from the initial outlay on this programme. Much more time needs to given to combining the SC17.01 and SC17.02 data sets into a comprehensive working database capable of effective analysis. | |
| SEACAP 17 Module 1 Report - Volume 2 Appendices | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2005 | Appendices 1. Project Area Map 2. Project Organisation 3. Activity Schedule 4. Road Profiles 5. Trial Pavement Structures 6. Cost Estimates 7. Project Database 8. Knowledge Exchange Workshop | ||
| SEACAP 15 - Community Participation in Rural Transport | Contribution and Participation Issues in Vietnam - Final Report | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | The main research objective of SEACAP 15 study was to assess the kind and range of all the contributions (for transport and others) paid by local people and their impact on local livelihoods. In addition, we were required to look at the role of local community participation in rural transport, and to propose recommendations to improve participation of local people and increase local employment opportunities in rural transport development. It should be emphasised that this study was meant to provide a deeper understanding on issues related to contribution and community participation in rural transport rather than to present findings that would statistically represent the rural transport situation on contribution and participation issues in Vietnam. The research methodology applied for the SEACAP 15 study was qualitative in nature. Field research was carried out in Loan My and Hoa Hiep communes in Vinh Long province, and Tat Thang and Vinh Tien communes in Phu Tho province (see map in Appendix 3). | |
| Research into the Role of the Private Sector in Rural Transport | SEACAP 14 - Final Report - Volume 2 - Attachments | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Terms 1. Notes 2. Documents and references 3.1 Work Completed by February 2005 3.2 Comparison of plan in the Technical Proposal with activities implemented/conducted 3.3 Records of main items in consultations 3.3.A Presentation of Inception Report September 3.3.B Questionnaire for Consultation with PDOTS, Contractors and Consultants at the four provinces 3.3.C SEACAP 14 Presentation at Roundtable Workshop November 4 3.3.D SEACAP 14 Workshop November 23 to discuss Findings and probable recommendations 4.1 People Consulted – by province 4.2 Feedback from Provinces Summary 5.1 Diagram of MOT Agencies – Organisation Chart 5.2.A Organisation Chart for Project Implementation Provincial Roads Improvement Project –PMU5 ADB Project 5.2.B Disbursement Chart for Civil work 6. Framework of Procurement and Implementation 7. Data tables 8. List of Key Laws and Decrees 9.1 Comments on Capacity, from Interviews 9.2 Comparisons of Private Sector and SOE 10. Ways of mobilising fund and accessing credit 11. Matrix of previous recommendation and comments from SEACAP 14 12. Recommendations responding to issues in SEACAP 14, allocated to relevant GOV level and Agency 13. PowerPoint Presentation of the Study 14. Additional Areas – Section 6 of TOR 15. Comments by Stakeholders on SEACAP 14 Presentation and Draft Final Report | |
| PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF LOW VOLUME RURAL ROADS | In North West Lao PDR (SEACAP 17-02) | OtB Engineering; Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | Cook, J. R.;Meksavanh, B. | 2009 | Trials Condition Monitoring The interim survey of trial road conditions has raised some important issues regarding the selection and maintenance of LVRR pavement and surfacing options in Lao, namely: 1. The unsealed block option with sand joints is not likely to be a sustainable option unless regular maintenance is undertaken on the joints. Mortared joints or some form of water resistant bitumen-sand mix are likely to be more sustainable options. More stringent compliance with block strength specifications may be required in future use of this option; 2. The hand packed stone and mortared stone options have not been successful. Indications are that problems during construction may have contributed to their current deteriorating condition; 3. The sand sealed option is showing signs of serious deterioration and without immediate maintenance this could escalate rapidly; 4. The geocell options are performing well, although the deterioration of the surface screed and joint areas should be monitored for indication of any more serious consequential defects; and, 5. The concrete options require ongoing maintenance to the inter-slab seals, otherwise only occasion localised cracking is evident. The SC17.02 survey has confirmed the need for ongoing regular monitoring of these sites if any meaningful outcomes are to be achieved from the initial outlay on this programme. | |
| Final Report: Road Map Field Verification and Roll Out to Non-RT2 Provinces | and transferring maps to WAN | Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI), Vietnam | Son, P. N. | 2005 | Implementation Steps (1) Digitization - Scan maps of all 36 provinces with scale of 1/50,000 issued by the General Land Department - Digitize maps of 21 provinces - Digitize maps of 15 provinces which were previously digitized by RT2 Project. - Available documents and latest documents have been used during the digitization process, such as projects on national roads, provincial roads, present condition transport network maps, plans of localities, Rural Transport Projects 1, 2 and 3. (2) Printing maps, re-specifying them through field trips and working with localities - Print out map of each district which has been digitized by scale of approximately 1/50,000 with background color for field trips. - Go to the fields together with district's and provinces' staffs to check routes and road names (with confirmation of localities) - Some routes are checked by GPS. (3) Updating data - Based on data collected from field trips, present transport network map of each district is updated. (4) Checking before placing maps on WAN (Wide Area Network) (5) Completing and placing maps on WAN of RT2 Project. | |
| Module 7: Practice (Adult) Training | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Completing this module you will be able: - To organise effectively practice activities for adult training. | |
| Research into the Role of the Private Sector in Rural Transport | SEACAP 14 Final Report, Volume 1, Executive Summary & Main Report | Mekong Economics | Mekong Economics | 2005 | The study concludes that private enterprises are ready, and the legal environment adequate, to see an increased role for the private sector in rural transport. There remain problems of legal compliance, which are symptomatic of local cartel arrangements (“managed markets”), and unclear delineation of state management and commercial roles. The RT market is small, typically around 20 billion VND per province. About half of all contracts are arranged through limited bidding or appointments, with favouritism to SOEs and ex-SOEs. Local collusive practices sustain inefficient enterprises and hinder expansion to other areas. PS enterprises are also constrained by low margins, illegal payments (“leakage” is reportedly around 30% of contract value), late payments and financing costs. Nevertheless, PS enterprises are growing in the relatively more favorable regulatory environment, and as high levels of growth and investment is sustained. There is generally adequate capacity, diversity and mobility of PS contractors and consultants, and PS expertise is developing faster than government capacity. The fundamental challenge for PS agents, including service operators, is how to break into managed markets. | |
| Module 6: Group Discussion | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Completing this module you will be able: - To organise effectively group discussion in adult training. | |
| Module 19: Rural Road Maintenance Quality Assessment | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 19, you will be able to: • Understand the Rural Road Maintenance quality assessment standard. • Know how to measure the parameters to assess the road maintenance quality. • Measuring, defining parameters for maintenance quality assessment by themselves. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 20: Community Rural Road Maintenance Supervision and Audit | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 20, you will be able to: • Be aware of role of community in Rural Road Maintenance supervision and audit. • Grasp the contents of community Rural Road Maintenance supervision and audit • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 18: Finished Works Quantity Measurement of Rural Road Maintenance | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 18, you will be able to: • Know the measurement method, defining the quantity of finished road maintenance work. • Be skilful at measuring, defining the quantity. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 17: Rural Road Maintenance Planning | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 17, you will be able to: • Understand the plan of rural road maintenance and know the steps to make a rural road maintenance plan. • Make a rural road maintenance plan by themselves. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 16: Rural Road Maintenance Cost Estimate | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 16, you will be able to: • Understand the structure of cost estimating sheets and the steps to set up a cost estimate for rural road maintenance. • Set up cost estimate. • Carry out Effectiveness-Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 15: Usable Norms for Rural Road Maintenance | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 15, you will able to: • Know some main usable Norms for Rural Road Maintenance. • Know how to use Norms. • Carry out Effectiveness - Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 14: Maintenance Techniques – The Main Periodic Activities | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 14, you will be able to: • Comprehend the procedure and techniques in implementing some of the main periodic activities. • Distinguish the wrong/right points in each maintenance technique by themselves. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 13: Maintenance Techniques – The Routine Maintenance 2 | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 13, you will be able to: • Comprehend the procedure and techniques in implementing the Routine Maintenance 2. • Distinguish the wrong/right points in each maintenance technique by themselves. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 12: Maintenance Techniques – The Routine Maintenance 1 | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 12, you will be able to: • Comprehend the procedure and techniques in implementing the Routine Maintenance 1. • Distinguish the wrong/right points in each maintenance technique by themselves. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 11: Rural Road Maintenance Materials | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 11, you will be able to: • Realize materials for Rural Road Maintenance. • Be aware of the quality standard of material for Rural Road Maintenance. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 10: Road Defects Survey and Maintenance Demand Determination | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 10, you will be able to: • Comprehend the methods to survey the road defects and other structure's defects. • Understand and be able to follow the manipulation of road defects survey on field. • Understand and be able to use the field survey forms. • Understand and be able to use the road condition evaluation form, define the bill of quantity for maintenance demands. • Make road defect survey, fill in the investigation form and define the Bill of Quantity. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 8: Role of Local Leaders in Rural Road Maintenance | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 8, you will be able to: Be aware of the role of local leaders in: • Managing Local Road Networks • Rolling out Road Maintenance • Managing Rural Road Maintenance. | |
| Module 9: Rural Road Inventory | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 9, you will be able to: • Comprehend the content of a rural road inventory. • Know the steps to set up road inventory document. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 7: Define the Priority in Rural Road Maintenance | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 7, you will be able to: • Know how to define the order of priorities in Rural Road Maintenance. • Define the prior activities in maintenance of local road network. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 5: Fund Mobilization and Rural Road Maintenance Implementation | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After completing Module 5, you will able to: • Comprehend fund resources for Rural Road Maintenance, know how to choose and mobilize fund resources, make plans to mobilize fund resources. • Make a plan to mobilize funds in maintaining the rural road in the specific local condition. • Comprehend models of maintenance implementation. • Be aware of the local leaders' and the local transport staff's responsibilities in implementing rural road maintenance. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 6: Rural Road Maintenance Management Process | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 6, you will be able to: • Comprehend the main activities in rural road maintenance management cycle, subject and object of each activity. • Comprehend their own positions and responsibilities in rural road management process. • Carry out Effectiveness Evaluation by themselves. | |
| Module 5: Lecturing and Explanation Techniques | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Objectives Completing this module you will be able: To apply effectively lecturing and explanation techniques in adult training. | |
| Module T3: Training facilities | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Objective Completing this module you will be able: - To apply effectively popular teaching equipment and facilities: board and chalk, flipcharts, overhead projector (OHP), TV and video player for training film. | |
| Module 4: Class arrangement | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Objective Completing this module you will be able: Successfully arrange classroom meet different adult training purposes. | |
| Module T2: Adult Training | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Objective Completing this module you will be able: - To identify who are the adult learners - To distinct the main differences between adult learning (andragogy) and children learning (pedagogy). | |
| Module T1 : Modular Training Approach and Review | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Objective Completing this module you will be able: - To Identify approaches and main features of training module - To define the structure and components of a training module - To disseminate modular training | |
| Module 4: Rural Road Defects and Causes | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After completing Module 4, you will: • Realize the main defects of rural road & other structures on rural road such as small bridges, culverts, side drains, road safety equipment. • Understand the main causes of defects. • Link with their local road network condition to realize defect phenomena. | |
| Module 2: Concepts of Rural Road Maintenance | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After completing Module 2, you will be able to: • Comprehend concepts of Rural Road Maintenance • Distinguish Routine Maintenance 1, Routine Maintenance 2 and Periodical Maintenance. | |
| Module 3: The Importance of Rural Road Maintenance | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After fulfilling Module 3, you will realize the Importance of Rural Road Maintenance Activities for: • Local socio-economic & cultural life. • Their family life, their surrounding people's living condition & their own | |
| Module 1: Local Road Network | Integrated Theory + Practice Training based on Rural Road Maintenance Handbook | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | After completing Module 1, you will be able to: • Comprehend local road network structure – link with your own local road network. • Comprehend the main components of road, bridge, culvert & other structures | |
| Module Matrix Diagram | SEACAP 11- National training program on Rural Road Management | Hyder Consulting | Huan D. | 2006 | Diagram Matrix of Training of Trainer (TOT) Modules and actual Training Modules for Rural Road Maintenance Management Training based on Vietnam MOT Commune Road Maintenance Handbook | |
| Participatory Infrastructure Planning: IRAP | International Labor Organisation (ILO) | Wielinga, D. | 2004 | PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS • To include a dialogue on traffic generation identification of roads susceptible to overloading (haulage/special purpose routes) • Incorporate the range of surface options (based on investment and maintenance costs for the various conditions in Cambodia) • Further develop Technology Choice Matrix • Further develop a maintenance management system based upon accessibility, traffic and road condition. MAINSTREAMING RECOMMENDATIONS Public Investment Plan Infrastructure Projects • Tertiary Road Improvement Project • Tonle Sap Sustainable Livelihood Project • Ecosorn • Mainstream Project A core donor to guarantee sustainability of the institutionalization. INSTITUTIONALISATION RECOMMENDATIONS Central Level: • Co-ordination and information exchange with MoI, MoP, MoEYS, MoH • Co-ordination with MPWT Location and Reference data base Local level: • Integration into provincial planning process • Capacity building at district/provincial level • Synchronization with Seila planning process | ||
| Commune Handbook Training to Non RT2 Provinces | SEACAP 10 - Final Report | Transport College of Middle Area, Vietnam | Transport College of Middle Area, Vietnam | 2005 | To support the maintenance of rural roads in Viet Nam, the Ministry of Transport is undertaking a nationwide training programme for Commune staff to support the introduction of a new Rural Road Maintenance Handbook for Communes. This Handbook was developed with technical assistance and funding from the Second Rural Transport Project (RT2). Commune Handbook Training for 43 RT2 Provinces in the country was implemented under the Rural Transport Project 2 ( RT2 ) in the period from August 2003 to the end of 2004.The extension of the training to non-RT2 provinces supports the MOT's wish for the Maintenance Handbook to be adopted nationwide and sector-wide. The Commune Handbook Training for 21 non-RT2 Provinces was realized by the Seacap-10 Consultant ( the Transport College of Middle Area of VN ) under the fund of SEACAP. On the period from October 2004 to September 2005, The Transport College of Middle Area of VN has performed all necessary procedures concerned and finished the Commune Handbook Training for non-RT2 Provinces by the date of 8 September 2005. | |
| IRAP - Local Resource and Road Inventory | Ministry of Rural Development | Synarong V. | 2004 | IRAP DATABASE INFORMATION Transport Infrastructure Inventory (TII): - Tertiary Roads - Sub-Tertiary Roads Asset Inventory (AI): - Population Centres - Schools - Health Centres - Markets - Local Resources - Cultural Heritage - Protected Areas - Mines | ||
| The Damaging Effects of Overloaded Heavy Vehicles on Roads | Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Sidenine, L. | 2004 | Summary • The relative damage to the road caused by any heavy vehicle axle load can be related to the damage caused by a standard 80 kN axle load. This relation is exponential, in that an axle carrying double the legal load may cause from four to sixty times as much damage as one legal load. • Overloading reduces the design life of these pavements. • Overloaded vehicles are estimated to be responsible for R400 million of unnecessary road damage per annum. • Transport operators can play an important role in selecting “road structure friendly” vehicles. Improved liaison and communication must be developed between road engineers and transport operations managers. • The overloaded heavy vehicle is a traffic hazard especially regarding the vehicle's braking system and the additional braking distance involved. This situation is further aggravated by steep downhill slopes and sharp curves in the road. Traffic accidents caused directly or indirectly by overloaded heavy vehicles are normally not included when costs to the country are calculated. • All persons involved in the road transportation of goods, road pavement design and law enforcement should be made aware of the multifaceted impacts of road freight transport overloading. • Operators that continually overload their heavy vehicles affect the ability of operators that do not overload to compete on equal terms in the transport market. | ||
| IRAP Implementation | Northwestern Rural Development Project (NRDP) | Ministry of Rural Development | Loeur, I. | 2004 | IRAP is the Main Infrastructure planning tool for investment in: • Road Rehabilitation • Road Maintenance • School facilities, • Health Centres, • Markets, • Water Supply. | |
| Lessons Learned from Low Cost Surfacing Trials | Pouk Market, Siem Reap province, Cambodia - Workshop Paper No 8 | Intech Associates | Kackada, H. | 2004 | Suggested Action for Pavement Design for sustainable access & poverty alleviation Rural Road Pavement design and Selection of Technology option shall look at: - Expected traffic and overloading risks - Cost effective used of local resources. - Whole life costs - Comparison of all benefits (Direct & Indirect) and whole life investment cost. - Sustainability (e.g. Future availability of gravel for maintenance) - Performance risks of paving option - Expected maintenance arrangements and funding. | |
| IRAP Presentation of 2 Local Authority Districts | Angkor Thom & Malai Districts | District Governors | 2004 | Angkor Thom District Governor The Governor expressed that he sees IRAP is a planning tool with scientific features which helps identify the poorest accessibility areas and prioritize communes selected for investments. He explained that initially IRAP seemed complicated but when the IRAP planning was complete the documents we very useful. He uses this plan to submit to donors. The donor accepted the plan and helped the district. Currently there are many places where schools, health centers, water points, and a market have been built, based on the IRAP Plan. The district Governor therefore says: “IRAP is My Development Bank”, with the plan in his hand he can approach donors and NGOs. They agreed and were happy to assist the district. Without the IRAP no one believed him. He therefore sees IRAP as very important for rural development of his district. | ||
| National Training Programme on Rural Road Management | 2nd Year Support Programme for RT2 Provincial Support | Hyder Consulting | Hyder Consulting | 2006 | The objectives of the programme were to: • Improve the capacity of local authorities in RT2 provinces to manage and maintain their rural road network • Support RT2 provinces to put in place suitable systems to manage and maintain their rural road network All tasks have been completed as set out in the original ToR, with the addition of extra activities as approved during the duration of the Project. The original 12 month program was extended to 17 months, to allow sufficient time to implement the Second Year Plans as agreed under RT2 and set out in the Partnership Agreements. Curricula and training materials including 27 course modules were developed together with a training film, 22 A0 size support drawings and a website. Training programs were very well received with trainee course evaluations stating that over 92 percent of trainees believed that training materials and aids are relevant and useful. | |
| How to design a pavement with an overload environment | Workshop Paper No 10 Presentation | Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Bunna, Y.;Sophort, P.;Vichet, C. | 2004 | Conclusions • As in this study the overload vehicles from standard and non-standard vehicle intend to decrease the design life of road pavement of specific projected road class. • Prevention of overload vehicles along the roads is mean to extend life of road and serviceability in transport sector. Nowadays MPWT is setting some control system to monitoring and implementing the corrective actions against them. Various mitigation measures have been implemented in the main national roads with different regulations, sub-decree and furthermore with road law. • New standard axle load equal damage jncreases to 10 tonnes ? | |
| Case of Overloading Damaged Pavements & Bridges on Cambodian Road Networks | Workshop Paper No 9 Presentation | Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Bunna, Y. | 2004 | Conclusions and Recommendations 1- Law Enforcement and Regulation against Overloading Vehicle by Setting up Mechanism Control and System for Monitoring. 2- Coordination Design of Road between Road User and Road Builder in Response to Socio-economic Condition. | |
| IRAP - Planning for Sustainable Access | Workshop Paper No 5 | International Labor Organisation (ILO), Cambodia | Sophany K. S. | 2004 | PRESENTATION Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) • Concept • Planning Process • Planning Output CONCEPT: MULTI-SECTOR PLANNING Locating and distribution of public services • Drinking water • School • Health care • Market • Road Options - Maintenance - Upgrading - Rehabilitation | |
| Developments in Vehicle Overload Control in Southern Africa | Workshop Paper No 4 | InfraAfrica Consultants | Pinard, M. I. | 2004 | A high incidence of overloading coupled with inadequate maintenance funding has led to the accelerated deterioration of roads in most countries in the Southern African region, leading to high transport costs and global un-competitiveness of these countries. Traditional approaches to overload control have generally not been successful for the following main reasons: • The current systems provide a criminal response to overloading leading to low conviction rates and the courts being bogged down with perceived “non-serious” cases. • Current approaches are conducive to bribery and corruption; • There is no “economic price” for overloading and the fines that are imposed are generally so low as to not act as a deterrent to overloading. New approaches have evolved in the Southern African region which address some of the glaring short-comings of traditional approaches. They include: • Decriminalisation of offences for overloading by handling them administratively; • Linking the level of fees for overloading with the actual cost of road damage; • Outsourcing weighbridge operations to the private sector on a concession basis and embarking on a commercialised approach to overload control, including the involvement of the public and private sectors. In addition to the traditional, relatively narrow, focus on the technical aspects, other factors of a political, social and institutional nature should also be addressed. | |
| Overview of Vehicle Overloading Issues in Cambodia | Workshop Paper No 3 | Intech Associates | Petts, R. C. | 2004 | POSSIBLE INITIATIVES TO REDUCE OVERLOADING • Monitor actual loading & effects of any initiatives to be taken • Determine Optimum Axle Loads for each road category • Differential legal axle loads: Main, Tertiary, Urban roads? • Encourage delegation of responsibilities/powers – road operators and communities • Establish forum and partnership for all stakeholders • Establish effective weight inspection & control arrangements • Effective and equitable penalties for violators • Load limits on bridges and to be consistent on each route • Effective vehicle registration & inspection arrangements • Permanent or temporary physical barriers • Improve pavement design methods • Improve construction & quality control procedures • Improve road maintenance to reduce Total Transport Costs • Media campaign to advise public and operators on initiatives • Further local research on pavement options for heavy loading • Private developers, contractors, quarry operators/hauliers to pay for upgrading of haul routes • Construction projects to allow for upgrading materials haul routes • Special arrangements for abnormal loads • Media reporting of axle load control operations and details of violators. | |
| Lessons Learned from The Pouk Low Cost Surfacing Trial, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia | Workshop Paper No 8 | Intech Associates | Kackada, H. | 2004 | Engineering Issues The majority of vehicles accessing this rural road have low axle loading and rarely exceed the conventional pavement design axle load: 8T. If occasional oversized and heavy trucks are effectively prohibited from a route, then cheaper paved roads can be built and maintained. The designs of Sections 4 and 9 are strong enough for light rural traffic loadings such as Pouk market trial. But they are well below the strengths required for heavy commercial traffic, and even more so for the grossly overloaded sand trucks that are currently using the road. However it should be noted that only 20% of Section 9 was damaged. The other 80% of Section 4 remains in good condition. The rapid deterioration of Section 4 pavement, and the onset of Section 9 deterioration, is primarily the result of excessive traffic loading. The stone block Sections 3 and 5 have continued to perform well under heavy axle loading, although some localised depressions have been identified. The ILO concrete road and double seal sections have stood up well to the heavy traffic loading apart from two slabs. The heavier load spreading options such as the reinforced concrete, the dressed stone surfacing and thick aggregate road-base with double bituminous seals may have a better chance of resisting the impacts of overloaded sand trucks. | |
| Materials Resource Planning for Appropriate Road Construction | Workshop Paper No 7 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2004 | Sustainable Road Construction • Match the available material to its road task and the local environment Computer Based Materials Information Systems • Simple Spreadsheets • Simple Databases • Linked Databases • Complex Integrated System Based on Gis-Aware Software | |
| Materials Resource Planning for Appropriate Road Construction | Workshop Paper No 7 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2004 | It is becoming increasingly recognised that a key objective in sustainable road construction is to best match the available material to its road task and its local environment. Construction costs of the upper pavement layers are typically about 30-40% of the total road construction cost and it is clear that, the identification and characterisation of available road construction materials is an important stage in the selection of a road design. The more effective use of natural resources enables a better and larger rural infrastructure to be rehabilitated within limited budgets. More cost-effective road designs that incorporate appropriate materials allow more kilometres per unit cost of access to be built, rehabilitated and maintained. The benefits of utilising locally available materials arise from a reduction in costs (e.g. haulage) and less damage to existing pavements from extended haul. Benefits also stem from the better management of local resources that can steer new road construction towards the more cost-effective and more environmentally aware use of non-renewable natural resources. A fully established road materials information system (RMIS) incorporating an up-to date materials database can play a key role in the dissemination of information on local materials and indicate their most appropriate use. | |
| How to design a Pavement with an overloading environment | Workshop Paper No 10 | Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Bunna, Y.;Sophort, P.;Vichet, C. | 2004 | As in this study the overload vehicles from standard and non standard vehicle intend to decrease the design life of road pavement and come to degrade quicker road surfacing. The environment design for and against to the heavily vehicle request to add fund on normal road investment in deed the road are not subjecting to use as economic and socio development of the projecting region. Redesign the existing road pavement is not the best choice for the whole national roads. Structures along the roads are also affected by the overloaded vehicles. Nevertheless the pavement design method can assist the designer to solve the aspect of loads but overloading case is not to be preferable for the country. Prevention of overload vehicles along the roads is mean to extend life of road and serviceability in transport sector. Nowadays MPWT is setting some control system to monitoring and implementing the corrective actions against them. Various mitigation measures have been implemented in the main national roads with different regulations, sub-decree and furthermore with road law. | |
| Case of Overloadiing Damaged Pavement and Bridge on Cambodian Road Networks | Workshop Paper No 9 | Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Bunna, Y.;Bunthoeun, K.;Sophal, K. | 2004 | The Royal Government of Cambodia is committed to restoring the condition of primary and highway networks, which connect the principal urban center of the country. Transport is critical to Cambodia's economy because of its growing regional trade, agriculture and rural development priorities. For domestic traffic, the road transport is dominant. Almost 65% of passenger kilometers per year and 69% of other freight are carried by road. The traffic is looking growth rapidly with different kind of vehicles and trucks. It has observed along of National and rural roads increase the traffic of non-standard truck and overloading on standards factory vehicles. These vehicles are becoming hot subject of discussion between the road user and road builder. Part of the rehabilitation roads become serious degraded as in surface as in structure before projecting life. Overloading also causes serious problems to the bridges and other structures. There are a number of instances of recent collapses of bridges due to overloaded vehicles. This has major economic and social, as well as asset destruction cost implication. | |
| Composition of Traffic and Distribution of Project Benefits on Rural-Sub-Tertiary Roads | Workshop Paper No 6 | UNOPS; Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Cambodia | Abrams, J.;Kong, L. | 2004 | MRD Seila Working Group undertook a study of laterite road projects supported by Commune Councils in 2003. These are small local access projects identified through a participatory planning process. MRD staff interviewed the Commune Council and made physical measurements before project implementation and 3 times post-implementation over a 12 month period. At each stage, a traffic count was undertaken. An economic cost-benefit analysis was carried out. It was found that about 90% of wheeled traffic on the study roads consisted of bicycles and motorcycles. Most vehicles were locally owned and most journeys were short. Journeys from home to fields were ranked most important, followed by journeys from home to market. Fifty-six percent of all trips were within the home village area and a further 30% within the home commune. About 75% of economic benefits were for non-motorised traffic and motorcycles. Trucks of all kinds represented less than 1% of traffic volume and about 4% of project benefits. For roads of this type, exclusion of heavy trucks will have minimal impact on project benefits. Excluding heavy trucks will allow lighter and less costly structures, reduce maintenance costs, minimise dust nuisance and reduce accidents. Weight restrictions are not a practical at this level and the most suitable means of restricting vehicle size is by physical obstacles to wide or high vehicles. | |
| Traffic Composition and Project Benefits on Sub-Tertiary Roads | Workshop Paper No 6 | UNOPS | Abrams, J. | 2004 | The Sub-Tertiary Road Network • By length, the majority of Cambodia's road network falls within the “sub-tertiary” category • There are about 20,000km of sub-tertiary roads • In policy and in practice, direct management responsibility for these roads is with the Commune Councils • Each Commune is responsible for 10-20km of road on average Rural people's travel patterns • Around 80% of the population of Cambodia are rural dwellers who depend at least partially on agriculture for their livelihoods. • Most personal travel is local and is largely on sub-tertiary roads • Transport of agricultural inputs and of crops, begins or ends on sub-tertiary roads. | |
| Planning for Sustainable Access: The Application of Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) in Cambodia | Workshop Paper No 5 | International Labor Organisation (ILO) | Wielinga, D. | 2004 | This paper approaches rural transport infrastructure development through the concept of accessibility. Rural access problems in developing countries are described and it is outlined how appropriate transport planning can attribute to poverty alleviation. Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) is identified as a planning framework which is based on the concept of accessibility and which uses indicators and participatory approaches to prioritise infrastructure projects, and therefore provide the most impact from limited donor budgets. In this context is introduced as an appropriate participatory, holistic and integrated planning tool. A number of aspects specific to the IRAP application in Cambodia are highlighted, such as: institutional position, levels of participation, Transport Infrastructure Inventory (TII), Asset Assessment, Geographical Information System (GIS), integrated planning and Cost Effectiveness (CE) analysis. The paper concludes with recommendations to improve IRAP application worldwide. | |
| Developments in Vehicle Overload Control | Workshop Paper No 4 in Southern Africa | InfraAfrica Consultants | Pinard, M. I. | 2004 | Commercial vehicle overloading in the Southern Africa region has been an on-going and costly problem for many years. However, despite strenuous efforts to curb this problem, little success has been achieved. Indeed, experience has shown that exclusive reliance on legal load limits and their enforcement may not be enough to ensure effective overload control. Recently, more successful approaches have been developed which represent a radical departure from the more traditional, unsuccessful approaches of the past; they include a number of trend-setting initiatives that represent a fundamental shift in approach to overload control and take account of international best practice in this activity. This paper firstly outlines the geographic setting of the Southern African region and highlights the importance of overload control in the management of the regional road network. The paper then highlights the shortcomings of traditional approaches to overload control and presents a new framework for controlling vehicle overloading which addresses the most glaring shortcomings of past approaches. Finally, the paper highlights various factors that should be addressed in order to ensure sustainability in the practice of controlling vehicle overloading. | |
| ITC Rural Engineering Course - Module 9 | DEVELOPMENT POLICIES & STRATEGIES OF THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT | Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) | Tracey-White, J. | 2008 | This lecture introduces key official development policies and strategies of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD). The objective of the lecture is to inform the students on RGC and MRD policies and strategies, especially rural roads policy and strategies. The expected outcomes at the end of the lectures will include: (i) the students will understand the broader development policies of the RGC; (ii) The students will be familiar with different features of the draft Road Law and MRD's rural roads related responsibilities. (iii) the students will be able to identify rural roads related main issues in Cambodia; (iv) the students will be familiar with the rural roads related policies and strategies; and (v) the students will be familiar with MRD policies and strategies that relate to the rural roads. | |
| Overview of Vehicle Overloading Issues in Cambodia | Workshop Paper No 3 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. C. | 2004 | The paper discusses the various factors affecting the loading of commercial vehicles and road performance in Cambodia. Overloading of road vehicles is a common problem in many developing countries due to a range of factors. Unfortunately, these can combine to accelerate road and bridge deterioration and destroy infrastructure assets at an alarming and unsustainable rate in Cambodia due to the particular problems experienced in the transport sector in this country. The result is that road investments are wasted prematurely and total transport costs to the country are above optimum. There needs to be a common appreciation of these factors and the degree to which they influence the current situation. Based on this appreciation and identification of the options for alleviating the problem, stakeholders need to agree on a workable strategy for bringing the axle loading situation in Cambodia closer to the optimum conditions. The paper presents some of the options for achieving this improved situation. | |
| Volume 2 - National Workshop on Road Planning, Pavement Design & Overloading Prevention | Appendices | Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Cambodia; Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Intech-TRL | 2004 | VOLUME 2 CONTENTS APPENDIX 1 – Workshop Programme APPENDIX 2 – Address and Speeches APPENDIX 3 – Work Group Recommendations APPENDIX 4 – Papers and Presentations (Abstracts) APPENDIX 5 – Current Regulation of Axle Loading Management and Control APPENDIX 6 – Media Coverage APPENDIX 7 – Workshop Organising Committee APPENDIX 8 – List of Participants APPENDIX 9 – Exhibitors details | |
| PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ROAD PLANNING, PAVEMENT DESIGN & OVERLOADING PREVENTION | VOLUME 1 | Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Cambodia; Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Intech-TRL | 2004 | A workshop was organised on 11th and 12th November 2004 jointly by Ministry of Public Works and Transport and Ministry of Rural Development, at the Institute of Technology Cambodia, Phnom Penh. The workshop allowed presentation and discussion of the important issues relating to road planning and selection, road & bridge design, and management of vehicle loading on the Cambodian road networks. Key stakeholders from the Private and Public sector, and Military were present to contribute to the forum. The workshop made the Key Recommendations after group & plenary discussions on the following Issues: • Management Information • Road Inventory • IRAP planning • Road Law wrt Overloading • Pavement and Surfacing Designs • Quality of Road Construction • Maintenance Regime • Further Consultation • More Research • Ownership of lower category roads. | |
| Planning, Pavement Design & Overloading Prevention Workshop | Briefing Paper 1 | Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Cambodia; Ministry of Public Works & Transport (MPWT), Cambodia | Intech-TRL | 2004 | Objective and Scope of the Workshop Concerning overloading and road deterioration there is an urgent need for a national workshop on infrastructure planning, axle loading and pavement design strategy. This will allow national and international experts in this field to exchange experiences and views and identify options for action, and the needs for further development and research. The immediate objective will be to inform participants in the fields of infrastructure planning, pavement design and vehicle loading regulations. The long term objective is to assist the Government of Cambodia to develop a pragmatic and economic strategy for road selection, road & bridge design, and management of vehicle loading on the Cambodian road networks. The issues related to road policy, axle load control, management and technical issues of accessibility planning and engineering design of the road pavement will be addressed. The workshop will also identify any further initiatives required. This may be expected to include dimensions of pavement design, traffic restrictions and vehicle/axle load control relating to road category and route purpose. | |
| SEACAP 8 - Cambodia Low Cost Surfacing, Phase 2, Volume 1 | Final Report, Volume 1 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2006 | THIS REPORT This report is the Final Document for Phase 2 of the Low Cost Road Surfacing (LCS) initiative (KaR7782) implemented as SEACAP 8. It relates to a contract financed by DFID and managed by Intech Associates and TRL through the SEACAP initiative with contract management by Crown Agents. The report incorporates the reporting on the component: Maintenance Strategy and Whole Life Cost Monitoring of the Trials. Previous reports covered the other project components of: Immediate Repair and Maintenance to the Trial Sections and Axle Loading and Pavement Design Strategy Workshop. | |
| SEACAP 8 - Cambodia Low Cost Surfacing, Phase 2, Volume 2 | Final Report, Appendices B and C | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2006 | These draft Specifications have been specifically developed for rural road contract applications where local resource based methods are to be encouraged in support of Government poverty reduction initiatives. This in effect means that the use of local labour (Labour Based Appropriate Technology – LBAT) and contractors are actively encouraged through the policies of the client authority and the appropriate design and wording of the Contract documentation. The draft Specifications have been written with the appreciation of the difficulty in obtaining reliable materials strength and testing services in remote rural road locations. The use of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is promoted due to its low cost and simplicity of use, and furthermore it's in-built checking characteristics. However the nature of construction materials is such that the measured strength can vary substantially with moisture and soaking conditions. It is recommended that the moisture-strength relationships are determined at the beginning of the contract for the principal sources and types of material. Thereafter the DCP may be used as a swift and convenient way to monitor materials quality, identifying locations where more detailed investigations may be justified. | |
| Rural Infrastructure and Poverty Reduction (Workshop Paper No 2) | The Case of Cambodia | Ministry of Rural Development, Cambodia | Chanphal, N. | 2004 | Importance of Transport for Cambodia's Development Road transport is the dominant mode of transportation within Cambodia, accounting for 65 percent of all passenger traffic, and 70 percent of all cargo traffic with rail and river transport sharing the rest. The road network covers about 38,700km, encompassing approximately 4,200km national or primary roads, 3,600km provincial or secondary roads and 31,000km of rural or tertiary roads and strategic roads. The roads have a large number of bridges, about 4,000 on national highways alone. The highest class of primary roads, the national highways, extends from Phnom Penh to provincial capitals and the main access points to the country. Lesser national roads connect provincial capitals and connect to minor border crossings and important domestic centers. The secondary (provincial) and tertiary (rural and strategic) roads serve local transport needs. The road network was mostly built before 1960. The general design standards thus cater to lighter than current loads, with many existing bridges designed for gross vehicle road weights of 10 tons, well below the current standard of around 20 tons. | |
| RRGAP Familiarisation | Background to the Vietnam RT2 Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. C. | 2004 | PRESENTATION CONTENTS • Background to the Research • The Limitations of ‘Gravel' in Vietnam • Alternative Surface Options • MoT Strategy to solve the Surfacing Problem • Progress to date • Planned Implementation • Conclusions. | |
| Mainstreaming Appropriate Local Standards and Specifications | Low Cost Structures | Intech Associates | Petts, R. C. | 2008 | An existing draft Low Cost Structures manual was previously developed to a preliminary draft stage using DfID funding - it requires to be completed and finalised. The defined aim of Task 8 was to assess the status and applicability of the existing document. The draft manual has been reviewed regarding its potential usefulness within the Cambodian rural road context, in particular and the regional environments in general. The initial preliminary draft LCS Manual was prepared in 2000, however the document was not completed, finalised or published. Appreciating the importance of the initial work, one of the original author team members; Paul Larcher, took the initiative to secure the copyright and to work the document into a Final Draft form suitable for review. This version has been obtained for review by the SEACAP 19 team and the Task 8 review has now been completed. Suggested Lao PDR uptake due to synergy with Local environment and conditions. | |
| LVRR Standards and Specifications | PPT Presentation | TRL Ltd. | O'Connell | 2008 | INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW LVRR STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS Three volumes: Document I - Classification and Geometric Standards, containing the definition of the traffic limits for LVRRs Document II - Technical Specifications, pavement designs, materials and specifications for an initial matrix of options Document III: Guidelines on the Application of the Standards and Specifications, containing advice on the application of Parts I and II within an Environmentally Optimised Design strategy. | |
| Strategic Plan for Rural Roads | Draft Final (June 2007) | Ministry of Rural Development, Cambodia | Ministry of Rural Development, Cambodia | 2007 | The purpose of this strategic plan is to develop a coherent national strategy for the improvement and maintenance of rural roads, which can provide a framework for future investment in the sector by both the RGC and donors. The plan has been prepared in a phased process in consultation with stakeholders at particular stages. An Interim Strategic Plan was produced in September 2006, which included as a top priority the updating of a government Policy for rural roads. A draft Policy was prepared in the first quarter of 2007, following which the Interim Strategic Plan has been reviewed to ensure consistency with the draft Policy. This final version of the Strategic Plan retains the main analytical work in the Interim Plan (which was carried out in 2006), but has been amended for consistency with the draft Policy, and has been updated to reflect developments since 2006. | |
| Rural Roads Policy | (Final Draft, September 2007) | Ministry of Rural Development, Cambodia | Ministry of Rural Development, Cambodia | 2007 | MRD first produced a draft rural road policy in 1999, which was subsequently updated in 2002. The updating of the policy was necessary to accommodate legal and institutional changes as a result of the early-2002 commune council elections. However, the policy was never formally adopted by MRD. These two policy documents included a number of policy statements on several issues including rural road ownership, management responsibilities, financing road maintenance and construction, choice of technology for rural roads, planning and prioritisation of maintenance works, and monitoring standards and specifications. In 2005 MRD embarked on the development of a strategic plan for rural roads. The main purpose of the plan was to set out the long-term direction and framework for rural road development and management. An aim of the plan was to ensure a consistent and unified approach to the planning, improvement and maintenance of rural roads. The plan has identified seven important issues to be addressed by MRD, the first of which is a “Detailed and clear policy for rural roads supported by a detailed action plan for pursuing the policy”. This document provides the rural road policy that is required. | |
| Research and Training | A Summary of Project Achievement | Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | Meksavanh | 2007 | SEACAP has clearly recognised that undertaking research and developing likely solutions is not nearly enough. There has to be a framework within which they can be sustained, applied and developed. Therefore Research and Training are seen as essential issues within the sustainable mainstreaming of the LVRR Standards and Specifications. | |
| Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme | Module 4 - Final Report | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R.;Petts, R. C. | 2006 | The main RRGAP investigations, carried out by Intech-TRL at 766 road sites, found serious constraints to the use of gravel in most of the studied 16 programme provinces due to factors relating to material quality, material availability, climate, terrain, drainage provision and maintenance. Overall gravel loss figures indicate that around 58% of the surveyed sites are suffering unsustainable deterioration, while 28% are losing material at twice the sustainable rate. From the RRGAP investigations, and consideration of other complementary research and knowledge of the performance of gravel roads elsewhere, this Final Report proposes guidelines for the restriction and use of gravel as a rural road surfacing in the range of conditions experienced in Vietnam. | |
| LVRR Standards and Specifications | The Way Forward | TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2008 | PRESENTATION AIMS Provide some ideas for discussion on the way forward for the LVRR Standards and Specification outputs in particular and possibly the SEACAP project in general. Areas for discussion: - Dissemination/mainstreaming objectives - Strategies for achieving objectives - Technical issues | |
| Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme (RRGAP) | SEACAP 4 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R.;Petts, R. C. | 2005 | The RRGAP, undertaken by Intech-TRL in association with ITST, is a 'snap-shot' of unsealed road conditions of a representative sample of existing World Bank funded road links in Vietnam. It is a key element of the SEACAP programme; in feeding information into the appropriate surfacing/paving selection process for rural roads. | |
| The Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme (RRGAP) | Some Initial Findings | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2004 | RRGAP is a scientifically valid programme of data collection and analysis. It is aimed at Defining limits to the appropriate use of unsealed gravel surfacing for rural roads in Vietnam. This PPT presentation provides some of the initial findings. | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Standards and Specifications: Part 3 | Application of LVRR Standards and Specifications | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2008 | Document Content Following the Introduction, Chapter 2 summarises principles guiding the development of the LVRR Standards and Specifications. Chapter 3 presents a diagram for use by District (OPWT) engineers aimed at guiding them through the pavement selection and design framework. Key issues related to this diagram are discussed and, where relevant, reference is made to sources of additional information. Chapter 4 then provides background information and support to the main road design tables and figures in Part II and Chapter 5 provides a brief comment on the key drainage and structures issues. Chapter 6 discusses important points relating to construction procedures and their supervision within the LVRR environment. Chapter 7 then outlines the approach to LVRR impacts on the Green Environment. Finally there are a series of Appendices containing specific detailed information on selected key topics. | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Standards and Specifications: Part 2 | Pavement Options and Technical Specifications | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2008 | Document Content This document is based around the presentation of tables relating to the selection and design of appropriate LVRR pavements and surfacings (Chapter 2). These Tables are backed by sections on the principles involved together with the key technical assumptions, constraints and recommendations (Chapter 3). Drainage issues are covered in Chapter 4. The related Technical Specifications are contained separately in two Appendices: A: LVRR Road Pavements and Surfacings and B: Road Drainage. | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Standards and Specifications: Part 1 | Classification and Geometric Standards | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2008 | PRINCIPLES The main objective of the LVRR Standards and Specifications is that they must be appropriate for Lao in terms of current road usage and the proposed extensive rural infrastructure developments. The LVRR Standards and Specifications are: • Task based – they suit the road function and its traffic (the people as well as the vehicles) which will pass along them. • Local resource based and compatible with the road sector in Lao: the engineers and technicians who will design the roads, the contractors and labourers who will construct them, the villagers who maintain them and the construction materials that are available. • Finally they must facilitate the construction of roads with whole life asset costs that will not exhaust the provincial and district budgets or place excessive maintenance burdens on local communities. | |
| Environmentally Optimised Design Manual and its application | PPT Presentation | OtB Engineering; TRL Ltd. | OtB;TRL Ltd. | 2009 | Objective: Present the LVRR Standards and Specifications in a format suitable for use on site by engineers and technicians Review the Standards and Specifications - How best to present the material EOD principles: 1. Design depends on local conditions (EOD) (material, gradient, flooding, rainfall, C&M capacity, traffic) 2. Design varies as conditions vary (road to road; site to site) 3. Spot improvements when funds restricted (priority: impassability, dangerous sites, people, etc) > steep hills, villages, culverts, embankments | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Environmentally Optimised Design Manual | April 2009 | Ministry of Public Works & Transport, Lao PDR | Ministry of Public Works & Transport, Lao PDR | 2009 | This manual is based on the EOD approach. With this approach, the road is designed to suit a variety of task and environmental factors such as rainfall, available materials, construction capacity, gradient, flood risk etc.. Some of these factors vary from road to road and even from site to site along a road. Therefore a road design may vary along the length of a road with, for example, a sealed surface up a hill or gravel along a level section. This variable nature is referred to as ‘variable longitudinal design'. Whereas the priority of those using national highways is to travel fast and comfortably, the priority of those using low volume rural roads is on safe and reliable travel, being confident that one will arrive at one's destination safely and without the route being blocked. When funds are limited, therefore, they should be used to improve sites which do not currently provide safe and reliable access, for example a badly damaged or flooded section. Sites which do provide this level of access can be left without improvement, for example a length of track which is not eroding, slippery or damaged, allowing the funds to be used to improve access on other roads. Sites which are improved in such a way are referred to as ‘spot improvements'. | |
| LVRR Standards and Specification, Geometric Design | PPT Presentation | TRL Ltd.; Lao Transport Engineering Consultants (LTEC) | Manodham S. | 2009 | CONTENTS - Contributions to Road Deterioration - LVRR Classification - Geometric Design - Key elements of a road cross section - LVRR Geometric Standards - Criteria for selecting road widths. | |
| PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT | Main Report | Intech; TRL Ltd.; ILO-IRAP-NRDP | Intech-TRL;ILO-IRAP-NRDP | 2005 | Physical Infrastructure and Private Sector Growth and Employment Generation. Under this initiative, the Ministry of Rural Development hosted a two-day workshop on Transport Infrastructure Management on 23 and 24 June 2005 with support from the DFID funded SEACAP Programme and The ADB-Loan Northwestern Rural Development Project (NRDP). The workshop was opened by H.E. Luy Lay Sreng, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of MRD. There were approximately 60 participants attending the event each day; comprising national and international presenters, senior officials from MRD and MPW&T, EIC, lecturers from ITC, Funding Agencies, IOs and NGOs, and delegations from neighbouring countries: Laos and Vietnam. This document describes the background, presentations, discussions and outcomes of the workshop. Seventeen presentations were provided by experts on infrastructure development and management. National, regional and ultra-regional knowledge and experiences (both successes and failures) were exchanged among Cambodian, Laotians and Vietnamese presenters & participants, which then stimulated the workshop working groups to identify areas for taking further suggested follow up initiatives. | |
| Working Paper 1 - SEACAP 2 | Human Resources Development (Component 8) | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2005 | A number of crucial issues affect HRD in the rural infrastructure sector, including: • Insufficient supply of high quality and trainable graduates in technical fields, • Limited capacity to offer further education and training opportunities, • Rebuilding the human capacity in Cambodia will take at least a decade, • Only few registered professionals work in the rural infrastructure sector, • New RGC Strategic Framework for Decentralisation and De-concentration Reforms, • MPWT and MRD are the main actors in the rural road sector but lack adequate coordination in terms of operations and capacity development, • Donor driven project approach has led to uncoordinated capacity building, • Monetary incentives to government staff in donor funded projects has resulted in a capacity drain of the respective departments, • The Council of Ministers has recently initiated (proposals for) increased remuneration for a core staff group within Ministries, • The scarce resources available for rural infrastructure requires explicit knowledge and skills that are currently only practised through individual projects, • Bilateral and multilateral development and funding agencies provide most of the funds for road infrastructure development projects, which include significant HRD components, representing 5% to 15% of the total project costs, but these are poorly coordinated, ......................... | |
| Low Volume Rural Road International Review | PPT Presentation | TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2007 | Review focussed on five areas of direct interest to the principal SEACAP 3 aims: - The Lao PDR rural transport context - International/regional approach to LVRRs - The rural transport aims in Lao - International relevance to Lao needs - The Lao road environments. | |
| Technical Paper 1 | Background Review to Low Volume Rural Road Standards for Lao PDR | TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R.;O'Connell, M. | 2008 | Introduction SEACAP 3 will contribute to the overall SEACAP goals of sustaining poverty alleviation through the development and mainstreaming of local resource-based standards for Low Volume Rural Roads (LVRRs). This will allow current regionally available rural road design and maintenance standards and guidelines to be improved for the specific circumstances of Lao PDR and permit more efficient and optimal use of the limited financial and physical resources available for the sector. The SEACAP 3project seeks to achieve three key outcomes: • Mainstream appropriate local road standards and specifications into the MCTPC together with an associated initial training programme. • Develop an affordable and sustainable strategy for attaining the necessary road research capacity. • Increase the awareness of good practice experience from this project by disseminating the outcomes at the national, sub-regional and international levels. Documents Reviewed More than 100 documents have been accessed either in hard copy or in electronic format as part of the process to review both the existing situation in Lao as regards LVRRs and relevant international Standards and Classification; a number of which have been identified as being of key importance to the project. | |
| SEACAP 1 - RRSR Trial dissemination workshop | RRST-I Implementation procedure | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Tuan, P. G. | 2006 | PRESENTATION - RRST-I background - The advisory role of Intech-TRL - The difficulties during the implementation - Lessons to success - Conclusions and recommendations | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Trials Programme (RRST) | RRST Cost Norms and Whole Life Costing Model | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Tuan, P. G.;Petts, R. C.;Cook, J. R. | 2006 | COST NORMS Cost norms of some new surfacing options introduced under RRST programme are not currently available in Viet Nam RRST programme has researched the specific characteristics of these new options COST MODELS Can be used as a support tool for Rural Road Authorities to select the most appropriate surfacing options for the local road environments. | |
| SEACAP 1 - RRSR Trials Dissemination Workshop | RRSR : Background and Rationale | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. | 2006 | There has been an unsustainable reliance on gravel roads to solve the access problems of poor and rural communities in Vietnam. Justification of gravel surfaced roads has been based on research carried out in other regions. Vietnam is a particularly challenging environment for unpaved roads. DEVELOPMENT REQUIRED GOOD ACCESS Rural Economic and Social development needs commercial, educational, health and infrastructure initiatives that rely on GOOD PERMANENT ACCESS. Unfortunately, Poor Access for many rural communities limits the effectiveness of these initiatives, because of: - unreliable travel or impassability, especially in the rains, - high unit transport costs for goods, services & people. Investment is discouraged by poor access. | |
| SEACAP 1 - RRSR Trials Dissemination Workshop | Outputs, Future Work and Outstanding Issues | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Petts, R. | 2006 | The RRSR has allowed the following conclusions and recommendations to be made regarding rural road surfacing in Vietnam:- - A substantial and valuable database of rural road surfacing knowledge has been established for the wide range of (challenging) Vietnamese conditions, complementing previous rural road research, - The Rural Road design approach should be improved to incorporate issues of road task, road environment, local materials available and maintenance regime, - Gravel is inappropriate for many locations – its use should be restricted, - A wide range of proven alternatives to gravel is available – with expected better Whole Life Cost, local resource use & maintenance attributes, - Some paving techniques are robust; others carry more risk, - A range of improvements to practices is required to achieve more cost-effective & sustainable investment in rural roads, - Improved design of shoulders & earthwork slopes is also desirable, - A requirement has been identified for more appropriate technical standards, - Greater emphasis on appropriate surface selection is desirable at PDoT level, - A Cost Model, Cost Norms and Standard Specifications have been developed for future management and technical application on rural roads in Vietnam. | |
| SEACAP 2 - Cambodia Transport Mainstreaming Partnership | Final Report (Main Text) | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2006 | The Cambodia Transport Mainstreaming Partnership (TMP) is a research, knowledge generation, dissemination and mainstreaming initiative for the rural transport sector. It is being carried out for, and with the involvement of, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) in pursuit of their development and poverty reduction strategies. The Cambodia TMP has been launched under the South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP), as the SEACAP 2 initiative. The SEACAP 2 initiative was designed to include the following components:- Output 1 – Operational Transport Mainstreaming Partnership Output 2 – Knowledge Products Output 3 – Practical Demonstration Output 4 – Website Output 5 – Policy, Standards and Procedures Output 6 – Improved Road Maintenance Output 7 – Training Courses Output 8 – Training Needs Assessment and Delivery (Human Resources Development Strategy) Output 9 – Improvement of Road Safety These outputs were all achieved during the original contract period (October 2004 – December 2005), except for actual delivery of training courses. However, outputs on this item relied on the inputs of others which were not able to be arranged within the contract period. In the circumstances suitable training material has been prepared for ITC Development Engineering courses and ITC training and human resource development events have been supported by the project. Furthermore, other additional training orientated products have been produced by the SEACAP 2 initiative. SEACAP 2 has also facilitated a number of outputs beyond that originally envisaged. | |
| Institutional Capacity Building Needs for Better Rural Infrastructure Development | Workshop Report | Intech Cambodia | Petts, P. | 2005 | Capacity Building Workshop for Improved Rural Infrastructure Development organised by Institute of Technology, Phnom Penh, with the support of SEACAP 2, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Greater Mekong Sub-Region Academic and Research Network (GMSARN) & ASEAN Foundation. | |
| SEACAP 2 - Cambodia Transport Mainstreaming Partnership | Final Report - Appendices | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2006 | CONTENTS Appendix 1 – CNCTP E-LIBRARY – Available for web downloading Appendix 2 – MRD Interim Rural Road Standards Appendix 3 – MRD Technical Guideline No 1, Rural Road Surfacing (draft) Appendix 4 – SEACAP 2 Road Safety Recommendations Appendix 5 – BBC Earth Report transmission Bulletin Appendix 6 – Development Engineering Course Material, ITC | |
| Rural Road Maintenance and Surfacing | Discussion Paper | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2005 | This document is based on a working paper first prepared in February 2003 as part of the Intech Associates input to the design phase of the World Bank Funded Provincial and Rural Infrastructure Project (PRIP). It was the result of investigations of the current road maintenance situation and constraints identified at that time on the main and rural road networks. Many of the conditions and constraint remain today, and the document is therefore considered an important reference for consideration and development of initiatives to achieve a cost effective, affordable and sustainable road maintenance system on both the rural road network. The suggested starting point for the process is a thorough understanding of the current situation, condition of the network, traffic data and axle loading, financial and physical resources available, stakeholders, organisational capacity and constraints to performance. | |
| Report on Rice Husk Fired Clay Brick Road Paving, Vietnam | Intech Associates | Dzung, B. T.;Petts, R. C. | 2009 | This report illustrates the potential for the introduction of fired clay brick road paving using rice husk (or possibly other renewable/waste material) as a brick making energy source. Fired Clay brick paving is used in many economically developed and developing countries as a durable, low-maintenance road surface. In developing regions it can have particular attractions for use on urban and low traffic volume rural roads where it can optimise the use of local resources (materials, labour, skills and enterprises). The technique will be of particular interest to areas that experience local shortages of hard stone resources suitable for road building. A particular attraction of the rice husk fired brick paving technique, is the use of a local renewable energy source (agricultural waste), compared to the production of high carbon footprint binders (bitumen and cement) traditionally used in durable road paving construction. The local small scale production also substantially reduces road works materials transport costs and carbon footprint. | ||
| The role of Surface Trials in developing rural transport in Vietnam | World Bank | Lucas, S. | 2006 | PPT PRESENTATION: - Importance of rural roads - Three problems for rural roads in Vietnam - Why are road standards important? - What can donors do better? - Conclusion | ||
| Proceedings of the Launch Workshop for CNCTP | Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners | Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) | Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) | 2005 | INTRODUCTION The official launch workshop for the Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) was held at the Sunway Hotel, Phnom Penh, Cambodia on 31st May 2005. The event and CNCTP initiative are being supported by the DFID funded SEACAP programme and the ILO IRAP component of the NRDP, funded by ADB and Royal Government of Cambodia. CNCTP is a transport sector stakeholders' knowledge forum committed to the provision of sustainable transport access for the rural poor. CNCTP seeks to foster collaborative efforts amongst members, donors and other organisations that encourage management and dissemination of transport knowledge so as to participate in improving transport policies and decision-making. | |
| Report from SEACAP Practitioners Meeting | 14 & 15 June 2006, Phnom Penh, Cambodia | Cambodia National Community of Transport Practitioners (CNCTP) | Kackada | 2006 | REPORT ON CAMBODIA JUNE 2006 CNCTP MEETING ON SEACAP COOPERATION Meeting Objectives: - Refresh the understanding and purpose of SEACAP; - Share experiences from the implementation of SEACAP projects; - Review achievements and progress to date; - Consider future direction and priorities for SEACAP. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Trial Guidelines - Maintenance | Rural Road Pavement & Surface Maintenance | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2007 | RURAL ROAD MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES The Guidelines synthesize the knowledge and experience developed under the Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR), Rural Road Surfacing Trials (RRST) and other initiatives to develop and improve the maintenance of the rural road infrastructure in Vietnam. The Guidelines also draw on international experience and specifically the PIARC (World Road Association) International Road Maintenance Handbook. Local experience and knowledge has also been compiled and contributed to develop draft recommendations on good practices and Cost Norms for the range of surfacing and paving options suitable for application in appropriate circumstances in the various regions and physical environments encountered in Vietnam. It is anticipated that these Guidelines will be in provisional format until the results of the planned monitoring of the RRST trial pavements have been obtained and the recommendations can be refined based on that experience. The Guidelines are intended to fill an identified current gap in knowledge and guidance for Provincial Administrations who need to plan and organize maintenance of the expanding and valuable rural road network asset. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Trial Guidelines - Monitoring | Rural Road Pavement and Surface Condition Monitoring | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2007 | RRST SURFACING/PAVING CONDITION MONITORING GUIDELINES The Guidelines synthesize the knowledge and experience developed under the Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR); including the Rural Road Surfacing Trials (RRST) and Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme (RRGAP), as well as from other sources. Local and international experience and knowledge has also been compiled and contributed to develop recommendations on good practices for rural road pavement and surfacing monitoring. As part of the short-term monitoring programme for RRST-I, Intech-TRL has already adopted or designed condition assessment forms suitable for various surfacing types and these form the basis to develop formal guidelines and approved forms. In addition to updated versions of these forms Intech-TRL have included the following as part of the Guidelines: • Guidance on how to use the monitoring forms • Guidance on the use of monitoring equipment such as the DCP and MERLIN • Specifications for equipment • Advice on planning and undertaking monitoring surveys • Guidance on the collation and QA of collected data • Advice on the storage and management of the data within the RRSR database • Advice on the interpretation of the data and its links to maintenance requirements The Guidelines also include appropriate diagrams, photographs and examples of collected data sets. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Trial Guidelines - Construction | Paving Construction Options | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2007 | Rural Road Surfacing Trials CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINE STRUCTURE: Following this introduction (Chapter 1), the document outlines the objectives of the guideline, and its intended target audience (Chapter 2) and summarises the pavement options (Chapter 3). The main body of the document then comprises a series of technical chapters (Chapters 4-8) relating directly to specific RRST pavement options and their specifications, grouped as follows: - Surface seals - Stabilised bases and sub-bases - Non stabilised bases and sub-bases - Block pavement options - Cement Concrete pavements A final chapter (Chapter 9) deals with key shoulder construction issues, which influence the integrity and performance of the actual road pavements. APPENDICES Appendix A Illustration of Construction Procedures Appendix B Key Supervision Activities Appendix C Standard Forms | |
| RURAL ROAD SURFACING RESEARCH - SEACAP 1 - Final Report | Volume 3 of 3 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2007 | Volume 3 CONTENTS - APPENDICES: L - RRST Recommended Pavement Specifications M - RRST Recommended Cost Norms N - SEACAP Dissemination Workshop, December 2006 O - RRST-II Socio-Economic Summary tables. | |
| RURAL ROAD SURFACING RESEARCH - SEACAP 1 - Final Report | Volume 2 of 3 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2007 | Volume 2 CONTENTS: APPENDICES A - RRST Cost Model B - Traffic Count Survey Data C - RRST-I Axle load surveys D - RRST-I Monitoring Data E - RRST-II As-Built Survey F - RRST-I FWD Survey G -The RRSR Database H - Pavement Selection Procedure I - RRST Cost Model Whole Life Costing Sample Analysis J - Recommended Further RRSR Initiatives K - RRSR Documentation Schedule. | |
| RURAL ROAD SURFACING RESEARCH -SEACAP 1 - Final Report | Volume 1 of 3 | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Intech-TRL | 2006 | Rural Road Surfacing Research: In response to an increasing recognition that gravel surfacing is not always the best solution for rural roads in many locations in Vietnam, the Ministry of Transport (MoT) in 2002 requested studies of alternative surfaces for Rural (District and Commune) Roads as part of the second Rural Transport Program (RT2). These studies became known as the Rural Road Surfacing Research (RRSR) initiative, through which the Rural Road Surfacing Trials (RRST) and the complementary Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme (RRGAP) were carried out. This research programme and its extensions were subsequently incorporated into the South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP). The research and dissemination activities of the RRSR were carried out under the coordination of the Ministry of Transport RRSR Steering Committee. Intech-TRL provided the technical assistance for the various RRSR components, in conjunction with the Institute of Transport Science and Technology (ITST). The aim of the RRSR programme was to establish a range of sustainable road surfaces that promote better use of local resources; minimise Whole-Life-Costs and support the Vietnam Government's poverty alleviation and road maintenance policies. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Research SEACAP 1 Trials Dissemination Workshop | Technical Recommendations | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2006 | SUMMARY: Differing approaches in the two RRST trial programmes in conjunction with the associated gravel studies (SEACAP 4) have allowed a wide range of technical recommendations to emerge from the RRSR; not only with respect to the options themselves but also on key issues such as contractor capability, technical supervision and quality assurance: - Assessments of a range of rural road options - Appropriate use of construction materials - Technical specifications - Selection framework for pavement options - Construction and quality control - Appropriate low volume rural road standards. | |
| Rural Road Surfacing Research SEACAP 1 Trials Dissemination Workshop | (RRSR Programme) Framework, Preparation and Design | Intech; TRL Ltd. | Cook, J. R. | 2006 | Framework Elements: Co-ordination and strategic guidance by a Ministry of Transport Steering Committee, Chaired by Dr Nguyen Van Nhan. Technical assistance work by Intech-TRL in conjunction with the Institute of Transport Science and Technology (ITST). Construction budget through the World Bank RT2 programme, with contract management by PMU18. Discussion with Provincial authorities and stakeholders as to selection of trial roads and trial procedures. Assessment of general trial road characteristics and governing environment. Identification of suitable trial options acceptable to local stakeholders – leading to trial designs. Preparation of specifications, cost-norms and Bills of Quantity and liaison with RT2 Project Mangers (PMU18). | |
| Technical Assistance to PMO-RALG to develop road research capacity in Dodoma | Inception Report | Cardno IT Transport; TRL Ltd. | Head, M.;Greening, T. | 2014 | Inception Report for assignment to advise on setting up a road research capability at Dodoma. | |
| Road Traffic Injury on Rural Roads in Tanzania: | A study into motorcycle crashes on rural roads | Amend | Kalolo, S. | 2014 | INTRODUCTION TO ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY • Annually, almost 1.3 million killed and 50 million injured on roads worldwide • Africa has world's most dangerous roads • Globally, number of private motor vehicles forecast to triple by 2050. Two-thirds of this growth will take place in low and middle income countries • In Tanzania – 2008 to 2012: 500,000 new motorcycles registered – Motorcycles make up 90% of motorised vehicles on rural roads – Motorcycle deaths: 2008 – 309, 2012 – 930 – Injury rates (per year): General population – 5.5%, Boda-boda drivers – 63.3% | |
| Using mobile phones to improve quality at the point of care | D-Tree International | Silas, L. | 2014 | OBJECTIVES • Describe the role of clinical protocols in low-resource settings. • Explain how mhealth tools are being used to improve quality of care at point of care • Provide lessons learned and recommendations for future efforts | ||
| Maternal and Newborn Health and Emergency Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa | Literature Review - Strategies for Reducing Neonatal Deaths | Not Stated | 2010 | Literature Review listing | ||
| Motorcycle-based Ambulances (MBA) | Developing Technologies | Dennis, R. | 2014 | Developing Technologies wishes to thank AFCAP for the funding that enabled the trials in Zambia to be carried out and to acknowledge the important role played by our partners in Zambia, the Disacare Wheelchair Centre and Riders for Health, Zambia, in making the trials a success. | ||
| Maternal and Newborn Health and Emergency Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa | Literature Review - Strategies for Preventing Maternal Deaths | Not Stated | 2010 | Literature Review Listing | ||
| Leapfrogging from Rural Hubs to New Markets | GeoSpatial Africa | Mwehe, M. | 2014 | Opportunities in emerging new markets • New markets for high value agricultural produce are creating an increased demand for fresh, high quality, agricultural products. • They represent a good opportunity for rural small-scale farmers to increase incomes from agricultural production and hence lower poverty levels. | ||
| How Infrastructure and Transport affect the National Health Targets | Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania | Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania | 2014 | Infrastructure is one of the 3 essential elements in the delivery of health services. The other elements are: Human Resource and Funds. • Tanzania has made appreciable achievements in constructing infrastructure which enable the provision of health services. However more infrastructure are needed. • There are more than 10,000 villages which are served by about slightly more than 700 Health facilities. • Transport for the general population and for people seeking health care in particular is a persisting problem. | ||
| Emergency Transport Fact Sheet: Key messages emerging from a workshop held in Tanzania in March 2014 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Key outcomes from the Emergency Transport Workshop | |||
| Bite-Sized News - African Community Access Programme | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2013 | News on projects and activities in D R Congo, Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, South Sudan and the SADC Region | |||
| Mobilizing for Maternal Health Project (MMH) | Not Stated | 2014 | Project Goal and Duration • To strengthen both health and community systems to contribute to a reduction in maternal and newborn mortality • 3 Years in Duration • 3 districts – Sengerema, Shinyanga DC and Shinyanga MC | |||
| Africa Community access Programme Quarterly Report 10 | April – June 2011 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2011 | This report details the activities undertaken by the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) Core Management Group (CMG) during the period 1 April to 30 June 2011. When referring to “AFCAP”, we refer to the Programme itself. Under AFCAP there are various the “projects”, the statuses of which are outlined in Appendix B. The CMG manages the AFCAP Programme. Their functions include the procurement of consultants and research organisations to undertake activities on behalf of AFCAP, provide management and technical support and oversight to projects, create linkages between complimentary programmes, and to create a community of practice in the rural access sector in Africa. This report provides updates regarding CMG performance against the programme logframe, as well as country and financial updates. | ||
| Design and Construction of Otta Seals in Mozambique | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2011 | Introduction • Mozambique is a large country, SA to Tanzania • More than 90% of the network is unsealed • Good road construction materials are scare (e.g. haul distances of surfacing aggregate may exceed 400km) • Vast areas are covered in coastal sands • Previous research carried out by TRL and ANE showed an average rate of gravel loss on unpaved roads exceeding 50mm/year (maintenance demand is high) | ||
| Training Workshop on Rural Transport and Development | South African Institution Of Civil Engineering (SAICE) | 2010 | Rural transport and development (to be addressed in training workshops) was listed as one of the main priorities by the AEF signatory countries early last year during the launch of the Partnership at the SAICE Engineering Planet Future Indaba. In order to deliver world-class training material to transport engineers from all over Africa, the Royal Academy of Engineering, Engineers Against Poverty, the Institution of Civil Engineers, SAICE and the AEF partnered with the UK Department for International Development (DfID) and the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP), a DfID funded initiative, to support knowledge exchange, training and research to improve access to rural communities in Africa. The workshop was hosted by the AEF signatory Engineering Institution of Tanzania, who has in turn developed strong links with the ministries of roads and public works in several African countries – these relationships assisted in ensuring a strong and influential audience at the workshop. | |||
| Review of surface dressing practice in Ethiopia | Final Report | Neaylon, K.;van Zyl, G. | 2009 | The objective of this consultancy was to analyse and understand the causes of surface dressing failures in Ethiopia, and provide recommendations for improved practice To achieve this the authors undertook: a review of existing design methods and standard specifications; visited a sample of sites where surface dressings were being constructed and where surface dressing failures have occurred; conducted interviews with government, university and industry representatives; and presented the preliminary study findings to a workshop attended by government and industry representatives. Tender prices in Ethiopia proved to be a sensitive issue, however all other countries in the world that use surface dressings find them to be a cheaper alternative to asphaltic concrete. If surface dressings can be purchased for a lower cost than AC and constructed such that they last the usual lifetime, then the extent of the road network covered each year could be increased, for the same budget outlay. | ||
| Convention Evaluation | (2009 Convention on Rural Roads, Tanzania) | International Road Federation (IRF) | 2009 | Evaluation was designed by the moderation team and was shared during the meeting with some of the meeting organizers. Considering the number of participants the evaluation forms are designed in a format that is easy to tick or check as well as write in. The evaluation opinions were collated by the moderation team and are presented in percentages. | ||
| Workshop on Mainstreaming The Low-Volume Sealed Road Approach to the Annual Workplans of Road Sector Agencies in Tanzania | Workshop Report | Greening, T.;Pinard, M. I. | 2009 | The overall objective of the workshop was to develop a draft strategy for the adoption of LVSR approaches on a national scale in Tanzania by: • Reviewing current approaches to the provision of low volume roads in Tanzania (current works and past experience, design standards, financing, maintenance systems) • Identifying barriers to implementing LVSR approaches on a national scale • Preparing a strategic plan to overcome the identified barriers. | ||
| Output and Performance Based Road Contracts in Zambia | Malawi Study Tour Report | ASCO | 2009 | The objective of the study tour was to identify lessons learned from the implementation of OPRCs for the maintenance of unpaved roads in Zambia, and how these affect the design of an appropriate maintenance system for unpaved roads in Malawi. ASCO (Z) Ltd., a firm of consulting engineers based in Zambia, was appointed to facilitate the study tour. Activities included the following: • Arrange for the participation of representatives of RDA, NRFA, local consultants and contractors in the field visit and workshop. · • Arrange hotel facilities, site visits in the field and discussion forum in Eastern Province. • Arrange accommodation in Lusaka, together with a cocktail party. • Arrange and facilitate a one-day workshop in Lusaka. • Provide logistical support. • Prepare a short study tour report including a summary of activities, presentations and discussions, a summary of main issues identified and recommendations for further discussions on district road maintenance in both RDA and the Malawi Road Authority. | ||
| Targeted Interventions under the Rural Road Investment Programme in Mozambique (Phase 1) | Construction/Progress Report, September 2009 | TRL Ltd. | 2009 | This report concerns the construction stage of the first phase of targeted interventions on low volume rural roads in Mozambique (2008-2009) under the Rural Road Investment Programme. Inputs provided by the Research Consultant under this phase consist of: 1. A series of site visits to observe and review construction practices on the ten sites selected by ANE. There is at least one project in each province except Niassa. 2. Providing immediate practical advice to the supervising consultants, contractors on the job and provincial ANE staff aimed at improving site practices. 3. Reviewing the road designs that were already in place at the start of the AFCAP/TRL contract. 4. Supervising construction as far as is possible by means of intermittent site visits. 5. Developing a series of works procedures (work norms) for the various site activities. 6. Developing quality control procedures for site work. 7. Identifying sites that are suitable for research, principally for constructing trial sections of road to develop improved methods and designs. 8. Designing suitable research trials. 9. Visiting additional RRIP sites that have been selected for the second phase of AFCAP and carrying out preparatory work. 10. Disseminating the findings of Phase 1 by means of a stakeholder workshop. | ||
| Development of an Index for Monitoring the Condition of Low-Traffic Unpaved Roads | Final Report October 2009 | Mozambique Road Fund | 2009 | This project was instituted with the objective of developing a practical, affordable, reliable and objective method of monitoring condition and level-of-service of unpaved road networks in Mozambique using speed data collected using simple GPS technology. Simple recreational GPS receivers were used to collect speed data under a testing regime that examined the following variables: sampling method (time or distance), sampling frequency, driving regime (fast, normal, slow), road class, reported road condition and GPS receiver type. Indices were developed that report on the ‘speed deficiency' characteristics at road segment, link and network levels. | ||
| The Use of Sands in Road Construction | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I. | 2010 | Kgalagadi sands occur over large areas of southern Africa, including Botswana, where, apart from lesser deposits of pedogenic materials, they provide the only economic source of construction materials for low-volume roads. The use of these sands in their untreated state as pavement layers (roadbase and subbase) has generally been avoided because they do not satisfy the requirements of conventional specifications. However, an investigation of a number of roads constructed with Kgalagadi sands in Botswana has shown that, when correctly selected, tested and constructed, they can be utilized successfully in all layers of a low-volume road. The use of standard geological (sedimentological) techniques for classification purposes was shown to be particularly effective in differentiating sands that perform well or badly as roadbase and subbase materials. The paper describes the investigations and testing that were carried out and the performance-related specifications that were developed to allow the cost-effective use of Kgalagadi sands in low-volume road construction not only in Botswana but, potentially, elsewhere in Africa where similar sands occur. | ||
| The Use of Sands in Road Construction | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd | Pinard, M. I. | 2010 | PRESENTATION • Introduction and Background • General Characteristics and Properties • Field and Laboratory Investigations • Design, Specification and Construction • Summary | ||
| The Roads Sector in Malawi | Malawi Roads Authority | Kulemeka, P. | 2010 | PRESENTATION • Scope and Purpose • Overview of the Transport Sector • Road Sector reforms • Malawi Growth & Development Strategy • National Transport Policy • Road Sector Programme • Road Sector Stakeholders • Challenges • Recommendations | ||
| 2009 Convention on Rural Roads | Rural Roads for Economic Development, Social Cohesion and Poverty Reduction | International Road Federation, Tanzania Roads Association | International Road Federation (IRF);Tanzania Road Association (TARA) | 2009 | KEY ISSUES AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF RURAL ROADS 1. Increase of informal means of transport in Developing Countries and the difficulties in regulating it. 2. Importance of community participation in rural roads construction and maintenance, taking into consideration the financial resource constraints in rural communities. 3. Importance of community access, taking into account considerations of local situation and including new opportunities to markets. 4. Importance of application of Labour based methods on rural roads construction, expanding opportunities for employment and income generation. | |
| Towards Safer River Crossings: Trail Bridge Capacity Building | Helvetas | 2010 | Pedestrian trail bridges can serve as a means to facilitate mobility and access to stimulate socioeconomic activity and efficiency that help reduce poverty. They also serve as an excellent entry points for democracy and good governance because they facilitate participation in political processes and reduce the marginalization caused by rural isolation. Assuring safe and all year access to rural settlements is similar to empowering the people with the gift and power of mobility. These facts have been practically demonstrated through the construction of 22 trail bridges of which 13 were constructed during the first pilot project in 2003-07 and 9 from November 2009 to April 2010. Hence, the achievement and experience gained so far, and the severity of crossing problems which triggers high demand for trail bridges, necessitates a further continuation of the collaboration between Helvetas Ethiopia on one hand and Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and Rural Roads Authorities (RRAs) on the other in the areas of trail bridge technology. | |||
| Trail Bridge Capacity Development in Ethiopia | Helvetas | Ischer, M. | 2010 | 1. Who is Helvetas? 2. Crossing problems in rural Ethiopia 3. Milestones in trail bridge projects development 4. Helvetas Ethiopia trail bridge project 5. Approaches 6. Partnership with ERA / RRAs 7. South – south collaboration - principles 8. Achievements 9. Bridges constructed 10. Cost summary (by bridge type) 11. Challenges 12. Experiences gained 13. Trail bridges under preparation. | ||
| Training Contractors for Targeted Interventions on Low-Volume Roads in Mozambique | Scott Wilson, Mozambique | Gumbie, E.;Makubika, K. | 2010 | The purpose of the paper is to describe the activities that were carried out by Scott Wilson Mozambique and observations made during training of contractors engaged on road improvement and research projects in Mozambique. Firstly, a training needs assessment was carried out to determine the areas and level of training required. Then training materials were prepared and onsite training done at the same time. Formal regional and provincial training workshops were also conducted. It was observed that there were shortcomings in the level of knowledge and competence amongst contractors, particularly in contract management and administration, materials testing and quality control. There was also lack of adequate construction information and ineffective supervision by consultants. | ||
| Targeted Interventions on Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Draft Project Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | 2010 | The interventions vary from one province to another and from site to site depending on the passability problems that are being targeted. They include water crossing structures such as culverts, causeways and small bridges, and road pavement design and construction, such as embankments and appropriate surfacing. Most of the interventions are low cost. In order to achieve this, locally available non-standard materials are being used where conventional materials are not available. More details are given below. | ||
| Traffic-Generated Dust from Unpaved Roads: An Overview of Impacts and Options for Control | Independent , World Bank | Greening, T.;O'Neill, P. | 2010 | Over 70 per cent of the road network in sub-Saharan Africa remains unpaved. These roads will continue to form the greater part of road networks for the foreseeable future with the adverse impacts from traffic-generated dust being borne disproportionately by the rural and urban poor. The efficacy of dust control products is being studied in developed countries with large lengths of unpaved roads. However, quantitative data on the costs of dust impacts in developing countries and the benefits of longer-term solutions aimed at ameliorating them are scarce. Most trials on dust control in Africa involve the use of commercial products to stabilise gravel roads and control dust but these often fail to provide lasting benefit. This paper provides an overview of the available information on dust from unpaved roads, discusses the impacts of dust and options for its control and postulates the possible longterm consequences for people using and living near unpaved roads. | ||
| Rural Transport Services in Africa | Situation, Issues and Opportunities | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Starkey, P. | 2010 | RURAL TRANSPORT SERVICES • Roads and access • Need for responsive transport service indicators • Hub and spoke concept for transport services • Rural bus services • Rural taxis and minibuses • Freight services and mixed passenger/freight • Need for load consolidation • Animal power • Bicycles and bicycle taxis • Motorcycles, motorcycle taxis and three-wheelers • Some other points to consider - Water transport, footpaths and trail bridges - Diverse people and transport needs - Climate change issues - Safety issues • Conclusions | |
| Small Structures Guideline and gTKP Knowledge | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Petts, R. | 2010 | PRESENTATION • The Context • The Challenge • Why do we need another Guideline? • Some features of the Guideline • Future Initiatives? • Other gTKP publications | ||
| The Pavement Monitoring Programme in Botswana | Norwegian Roads Administration (NRA); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Overby, C.;Paige-Green, P. | 2010 | The project Pavement Monitoring is a part of the Institutional Cooperation between Roads Department, Botswana and the Norwegian Public Roads Administrations. The three main objectives of the pavement monitoring programme are to: i. Determine calibration factors for correct prediction of pavement deterioration in any future year by examining different types of pavements under various traffic loading, construction, specifications and environmental conditions. ii. Provide accurate deterioration models to facilitate a more appropriate and cost-effective maintenance strategy, thereby optimizing the use of allocated funds. iii. Provide data required for the upgrading of the Botswana Road Design Manual (BRDM). It can be seen that the new HDM deterioration calibration factors differ significantly from those originally used in the BRMS. As a result of this improvement in the calibration factors, the BRMS pavement condition predictions and budget forecasting will be considerably better than in the past. | ||
| The Benefits from Increased Transport Research Capacity in Developing Countries | World Bank | Greening, T.;O'Neill, P. | 2010 | Evidence shows that countries that invest in research develop faster economically. Research is the mechanism for the advancement of knowledge and economic growth is directly linked to investment in research. Increased investment in research in by developing countries will result in local and appropriate solutions to their transport problems... This paper gives examples of the benefits from investment in research in the transport sector, describes programmes designed to facilitate innovation and research in the sector gives examples of research needs and suggests ways in which developing country organisations can establish a framework for carrying out research. | ||
| Rural Accessibility Challenges associated with Unpaved Roads in Malawi | Malawi Roads Authority | Mtawali, C. | 2010 | • Rural accessibility challenges associated with unpaved roads are many. •The report has highlighted engineering deficiencies, environmental issues, maintenance challenges as well as safety and economic issues. •In view of the vastness of the unpaved road network in Africa and the rest of the developing world and the lack of adequate financial resources to keep it in good condition, more studies and consultative meetings will be required to come up with more cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions. | ||
| Rural Roads Investment Program (RRIP) Mozambique | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique | Jakisson, M. | 2010 | • 75% of the national road network comprising gravel roads; • ‘Unhealthy' and unsustainable reliance on gravel roads to solve the access problems of poor rural communities; • Unreliable travel or impassability, especially in the rains seasons; • High unit transport costs for goods, services & people; • Severe lack of funding or investment on rural roads, thus: • A new approach required, using a ‘menu' of more durable, low cost, local-resource-based surfaces, and even engineered natural surfaces. Using gravel only where appropriate; • Easy techniques for use by local Contractors required. | ||
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume4, A3 Design Drawings | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume3, Design Drawings and Bills of Quantities | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume2 Part2, Detailed Design, Construction and Maintenance | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume2 Part1, Detailed Design, Construction and Maintenance | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume1 Part3, Planning and Initial Design | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume1 Part2, Planning and Initial Design | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Small Structures for Rural Roads, Volume1 Part1, Planning and Initial Design | A Practical Planning, Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide | Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP) | Larcher, P.;Petts, R.;Spence, R. | 2010 | The guideline has been written as a design guide, to complement existing national design codes and standards from the relevant Ministry or Roads Department. However, experience has shown that in many areas national design standards are not applicable to or are not yet developed for the small structures covered by this guideline. It is therefore envisaged that this document will be recognised by road authorities as a useful tool and that, by following the advice and information contained in the guide, engineers and technicians will be able to design, construct and maintain affordable and acceptable structures. It is also intended that the guideline will assist in the process of establishing more comprehensive and appropriate planning, design, construction and maintenance procedures and practices. | |
| Support to the Construction of a Low Volume Sealed Road in Nyanza Region in Kenya | Inception Report, May 2010 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Hongve, J. | 2010 | The location of the research/demonstration project is good and offers excellent opportunities for research on local resource based construction methods as well as use of locally available non-standard materials in the pavement. Laterite with similar properties to the one found in the project area has been used successfully in other countries without stabilization or modification with lime or cement. However, this requires a well designed and functional drainage system and sealing of the shoulders to ensure that the pavement is kept dry. It is therefore proposed to include short sections with neat laterite in the base to monitor the performance over time. Likewise screened laterite has performed well in conventional Otta Seals in other areas in Kenya. It is therefore proposed to use graded laterite aggregates for the Modified Otta Seal and Cold Mix Asphalt, both of which perform much like the conventional Otta Seal. | |
| The Boda Boda Revolution | A Solution to Rural Mobility | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. | 2010 | Advantages • Private sector driven- no artificial subsidies, donor funding, NGOs, AFCAP, World Bank, IFRTD…… • Builds on other infrastructure investments (cell phones) • Affordable service • Door to door • Job creation • Reduced transport burden on women. | |
| Director General's Speech to the AFCAP Practitioners Conference | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Director General | 2010 | The AFCAP work has a strong link and synergy with our over-arching Road Sector Development Programme, RSDP. The Road Sector Development Programme also forms an integral part of the Government of Ethiopia's overall strategic development agenda. The next 5-years phase of the Road Sector Development Programme, RSDP-IV, is closely linked to the 5-years Growth and Transformation Plan of our country. The RSDP-IV reflects a strong emphasis to rural accessibility, where targets are established to increase regional road network by 10,000 kms and to construct over 70,000 kms of district/ community all wheather roads in the next five years. This will enable us to provide road transport service to the majority population of Ethiopia. | ||
| Rural Access Programme (RAP) | Complementary Community Activities | WSP International | 2010 | Complementary Community Activities: - Workers trained on demand-driven topics for income generating activities - mainly vegetable farming and livestock rearing - NGOs supply and train suitable local trainers - 110 trainers trained in year1 - Continued support - Micro saving/credit schemes within each road building group - Training provided - 10% of wages save - Workers set interest rate for loans at 12% - Loans mostly for productive purposes - $120,000 earned from IGAs in year 1 | ||
| Towards Improvement of Surface Dressing in Ethiopia | van Zyl, G.;Nebro, D. | 2010 | Background to this paper Review of surface dressings in Ethiopia • ERA concerns regarding performance • AFCAP initiated project - Analyse and understand the cause of surface dressing failures in Ethiopia - Interviews, Field investigation, Workshop with practitioners - Review of Design methods, Manuals, specifications - Recommendations for improved practice | |||
| Pavement Monitoring Programme Botswana | Norwegian Roads Administration (NRA) | Overby, C. | 2010 | Optimum use needs to be made of local materials as structural layers in roads in order to decrease the life cycle costs of low and medium volume roads (less than about 3 million standard E80 axles). This has been the case in Botswana for more than three decades, where various local materials that would not normally be considered for structural layers in pavements have been used as base and subbase layers. | ||
| Rural Accessibility Challenges Associated with Unpaved Roads in Malawi | Malawi Roads Authority | Mtawali, C. | 2010 | Malawi is a landlocked country. As such, it is highly dependent on roads for its transportation system. It has a designated road network of about 15,451 km, 74% of which is unpaved and primarily located in rural areas. As such there are a number of rural accessibility challenges as a result of the unpaved nature of most of the network. The unpaved network is highly vulnerable to weather changes and can deteriorate very fast, most of it has never been subjected to engineering design before construction. As such it possesses poor geometric standards with safety hazards and reduced efficiency of travel. Maintenance related challenges include lack of adequate funding to cater for all recurrent maintenance needs, inadequate material sources compounded by their loss to weather effects. Environmental and safety challenges include high dust emissions which are both a safety and health hazard to people, animals and water sources. Slippery sections pose both safety as well as economic hazard through accidents and drastic reduction in travel times. Because of the importance of such roads to drive the Malawi economy, which is predominantly agro-based, these challenges have been highlighted so that consented efforts can be put in place to address them. | ||
| Challenges in Delivering Improved Community Access in Rural Tanzania | Short Report on Research Priorities Workshop Held 28th May, Morogoro | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Mhalila, H. | 2009 | The United Republic of Tanzania wishes to participate in AFCAP and therefore needed to identify its research priorities to address the challenges of delivering improved community access in rural Tanzania .This identification of priorities was facilitated through a workshop involving various participants of the Government of Tanzania and other stakeholders. The objective of the workshop was to identify, evaluate and prioritize potential challenges and solutions for research projects. | |
| Variation in Otta Seal Application for Different Scenarios (Manica and Zambezia Provinces, Mozambique) | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique | Manheche, F. | 2010 | CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Otta Seal Surfacing 3. Function of Otta Seal 4. Why Choose Otta Seal? 5. Inhacufera -Machaze Road, Manica Province Mozambique (Project Scope & Observations) 6. Zero Mopeia Road, Zambezia Province (Project Scope & Observations) 7. Conclusion | ||
| Report on 2nd Sprayed Sealing Conference 2010 | 11th–12th October 2010 Melbourne- Australia | Ministry of Roads, Kenya | Kogi, S. | 2010 | The Conference was to provide an opportunity for practitioners and policy makers to keep abreast of new developments in sprayed seal design, material selection and construction techniques. It was to contribute to the continued development of sprayed sealing procedures and technologies which are vital to improving the performance of a significant proportion of the road transport system. The focus was on practical issues. | |
| Pilot Project for Demonstration of Innovative Technologies for the Construction of Low Traffic Volume Roads | on Matugga - Semuto - Kapeeka Road, Uganda | Cowi | Bishop, T. | 2010 | Construction Trials using U PVC Culvert Pipes The Chinese Contractor (CICO) proposed an alternative type of culvert construction. CICO proposed using ""spiral wound U PVC pipes"" manufactured on site as an alternative to traditional segmental reinforced concrete culverts as designed. CICO reported that this innovative technology had been widely used for culvert construction in China for many years with great success and the Contractor indicated that the introduction of U PVC culvert pipes has the following advantages: • The finished product can be easily manufactured on site from rolls of 130mm wide U PVC (refer photograph below), economising on transport costs; • The finished product is light so installation is quick and easy; • The product is very waterproof; • The product has a 50 year life associated with excellent anti-corrosion and antiwear properties; • The product gives low water resistance to keep smooth water flow; • The pipe will not suffer breakage or leakage when subjected to up to 60% deformation. | |
| AFCAP Practitioners Conference | Objectives of Conference | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2010 | Objectives of Conference To bring Rural Access Practitioners from AFCAP participating countries and beyond together: • Ethiopia • Kenya • Malawi • Mozambique • Tanzania • Sudan • Uganda To share ideas across borders To develop new contacts in the area | ||
| Towards Improved Performance of Thin Bituminous Surfacings | Mycube Asset management Systems; Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | van Zyl, G.;Nebro, D. | 2010 | During a recent study in Ethiopia, several problems influencing the performance of thin bituminous surfacings have been recorded. The study incorporated interviews with twenty experienced practitioners, a limited field study and a workshop on surfacing performance. Opinions of local practitioners and observations by the study team highlighted construction practices as one of the main reasons for poor performance. The paper summarises the key findings of the study, discusses aspects of construction and shows the impact of not adhering to specifications. It is concluded that the majority of construction related problems could be eliminated by understanding and applying existing specifications. Recommendations include theoretical and practical training to ensure good performance of bituminous surfacings. | ||
| Road Research and Development in Ethiopia | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Ayele, A. | 2010 | Some of projects running under the AFCAP • Preparation of Manuals, Specifications and Standard Bidding Documents for Low Volume Roads ( | ||
| Maternal Health and Transport: Implementing an Emergency Transport Scheme in Northern Nigeria | Transaid | Silva, A. | 2010 | This paper gives an overview of the implementation process of an Emergency Transport Scheme (ETS) in rural areas of 4 States in Northern Nigeria. Lack of access to transport has been recognised as one of the major barriers that prevent pregnant women experiencing obstetric complications of receiving specialised care. Appropriate interventions at different levels must be carried out in order to tackle the problem and contribute to an effective referral system. The successful establishment of the ETS in the 4 states in Northern Nigeria shows that it is possible to involve the private sector and use an established transport system to implement a low-cost emergency transport scheme that can contribute to a greater availability of transport in rural areas. | ||
| Lessons on rural access from Makete Intergated Rural Transport Project | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P. | 2010 | INTRODUCTION TO MAKETE INTEGRATED RURAL TRANSPORT PROJECT [MIRTP] A pioneer RTT project implemented 1985-996 in Tanzania • 95% of all rural transportation done on foot and headloading; • 80% of all travel was spent on transportation for basic needs; • 85% of all transportation by women, and 15% by men and children; • An average household of 5 persons spent 7 hours every day on transport related activities • Rural Transport (RT) services are poor or unavailable, and walking and head-loading dominate rural travel and transport activities. | ||
| Modular Steel Bridges | URS Corporation | McKenna, C. | 2010 | Modular Steel Bridges • General Requirements • Proprietary Systems • Procurement • Specification • Construction • Decks • Local Fabrication | ||
| Modular Steel Bridges | URS Corporation | McKenna, C. | 2010 | Modular steel bridges can be best described as structures constructed from standardised components that can be assembled at their final location. There are a number of proprietary systems available throughout the world but there is also an opportunity to develop locally manufactured systems in Ethiopia and other countries. A clearly defined specification is essential for procurement and the essential requirements for this will be discussed. There are a number of potential methods of construction and erection available and the merits of each will be considered in relation to site context. | ||
| Maternal and Newborn Health and Emergency Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa | The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya | Lema, V. | 2010 | Maternal and child health, the latter of which includes newborn health, are considered a major public health problem especially in the low and middle-level income countries, which bear the largest burden of morbidity and mortality thereof. They represent the well-being of a society and its potential for the future. Every year over 500,000 women die due to pregnancy related conditions globally, of which 99% occur in developing countries, which constitute 85% of the total global population. | ||
| Overview of Kenya's Roads 2000 Maintenance Programme | International Labor Organisation (ILO) | Kidanu, A. | 2010 | OUTLIINE • Socio-economic profile of Kenya • Roads 2000 Programme? • Objectives • Major Features • Roll out of the Programme • Coordination • Achievements so far • R & D • Challenges • Conclusion | ||
| Low Volume Sealed Roads – The Malawi Experience | Malawi Roads Authority | Kasakatira, P. | 2010 | Effective and efficient all year round rural roads accessibility has remained a major challenge to meaningful social-economic growth for most African countries and Malawi is no exception. Being a country whose major transport mode is roads, it has always been the desire of the Malawi Government to ensure that all designated public roads are accessible all year round but this has always been an impossible target on unpaved roads which serve most of the rural masses. Despite continuous and regular maintenance interventions on unpaved roads and the fact that traffic levels using these roads are relatively low, such roads remain a challenge to road users and the environment. It is on this understanding that the issue of gradual upgrading to paved standard of such roads becomes a viable solution. Unfortunately, associated costs of this undertaking to conventional standards are prohibitive, and this is coupled with the fact that financial resources are never sufficient. One possible way of dealing with this challenge is the consideration of upgrading such roads using a simplistic approach – Low Volume Sealed Roads. | ||
| Improving Sustainable Rural Transport Services: Constraints, Opportunities and Research Needs | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Starkey, P.;Njenga, P. | 2010 | Roads are not enough. People need rural transport services to access services and livelihoods. Governments are not adequately stimulating passenger and freight service development in rural areas. Services include buses, minibuses, trucks, pickups and intermediate means of transport (bicycles, motorcycles, three wheelers and animal power). Communities need safe, reliable, predictable and affordable transport services. Transport appraisal studies highlighted problems of low fleet investment, unreliable services and poor governance, with clear gender implications. Intermediate means of transport are increasingly important with new roles for motorcycles and three wheelers but challenging times for animal power. Climate change will affect services. New indicators are needed to measure the impact of road improvement and recommended initiatives on rural transport services. | ||
| Monitoring the Performance of Rural Roads Using GPS Surveys | Geilinger, D. | 2010 | Overview • Why we need new ways to measure rural road performance. • How financing agencies' requirements differ from those of roads agencies. • The set of Indicators which measure those aspects of rural road service of greatest value to users. • The use of GPS monitoring for consistent, efficient and reliable data collection. • The way forward to expand the application of the approach. | |||
| Low Cost Bitumen Standard Roads in Kenya | Ministry of Roads, Kenya | Sogomo, J. | 2010 | The choice of road pavement construction materials depends largely on the type and the cost of natural materials locally available. Heavy traffic roads( class T1 and classT2 ) requires semi-rigid pavement such as dense bitumen macadam while flexible pavement for medium to low traffic ( T3 T4 T5) requires fairly deformable materials such as natural gravel or graded crushed stones. Kenya has total road network to 160,886 km with 149,689 Km feeder roads being unpaved. These feeder roads are important for social economic growth and development in agricultural areas but are constructed to gravel/earth standards. Good quality roads construction materials are scare, and expensive to acquire and to haul. Since the traffic is medium to light construction of these roads feeder construction on to the recommended specification would be unjustifiably expensive. This paper highlights the relax requirement for the construction of low cost bitumen standard for road expected to carry less than 500, 000 equivalent standard axles. | ||
| Building Transport Research capacity in the developing world | World Bank | O'Neill, P. | 2010 | Requirements for a sustainable research effort • Strong and respected institution • Sustainable funding for projects • Staff motivated by research and innovation • Assured career paths • Competitive remuneration • Opportunities for partnering with other researchers and institutions • Interesting and rewarding projects | ||
| Government of Tanzania and AFCAP Partnership for Improving Accessibility and Reducing Poverty | Not Stated | 2010 | Closing the Knowledge Gap • Mainstreaming proven research into practice and implementation to reduce transport costs and poverty. • In order to complement poverty reduction strategies, rural transport and rural access needs must be an integral part of rural development interventions from other sectors. • Appropriate Technology, standards and techniques are crucial for rehabilitation and sustainable maintenance of rural roads. • Challenges persists to improve the communities mobility through access to transport services, IMTs and private sector enterprises and regulations. • Promotion of using local resource based methods and locally available construction materials should be emphasised. • Needs for sustainable research on both, road infrastructure development and transport. | |||
| Emancipating the Rural Population from Isolation – Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) | The Case of Ethiopia in Sub – Saharan Africa | W.T Consult | Mengesha, T. | 2010 | SCOPE & PURPOSE The Purpose of Paper – is to Present the Role of IMTs in Ethiopia in a Multi-Modal Rural Transport System, and Why It Should Be a Development Agenda. Summarize the Main Issues Surrounding Rural Transport and Provides a Range of Regulatory/Legal, Institutional, Infrastructure, Socio- Cultural, Environmental, Financial and Technical Measures. | |
| Emancipating the Rural Population from Isolation - Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) | The Case of Ethiopia in Sub-Saharan Africa | W.T Consult | Mengesha, T. | 2010 | In this paper, an attempt is made to review the trends in the development of rural transport services in Ethiopia, with emphasis on the uptake of Intermediate Means of Transport (IMTs) in the Pilot Weredas of the Ethiopian Rural Travel and Transport Program (ERTTP). The paper critically assesses the existing situation on the basis of international experience, and suggests a range of specific improvements. Results from various research activities and surveys are briefly reviewed to illustrate valuable lessons. While motorization is not expected to be sustained to meet the nature and level of mobility needs at the local level (within and between rural villages), there is a rationale for a more rapid adaption and use of IMTs. There is a strong sense of optimism surrounding the potential for improving rural transport in the framework of the five-year Growth and Transformation Plan (2010/11 – 2014/15). A holistic approach is proposed to emancipate the rural population from isolation. | |
| Low Volume Sealed Roads | The Malawi Experience | Malawi Roads Authority | Kasakatira, P. | 2010 | PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Background of Malawi road network • Why paved roads under rural accessibility • LVSR in Malawi – the Malawi Experience • Technical performance of existing LVSR • Challenges • Key Lessons to date • Way forward • Conclusion • Pictures of LVSR | |
| Emulsion Treated Based in Mozambique | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique; TRL Ltd. | Fernandes, L.;Mukura, K. | 2010 | The project involves a number of aspects: • Selection of surfacing options for each section • Design of surfacing • Construction of the emulsion treated sand base • Construction of untreated sand base • Construction of surfacing (slurry seal, sand seal, double surface dressing, single surface dressing) • Monitoring for performance assessment and evaluation • Preparation of specifications and work norms • Development of maintenance strategy | ||
| Promoting Rural Transport Research in Africa | Workshop Session: Thursday, 25th November 2010 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2010 | 1a. What are the main constraints to undertaking in-country research in the rural transport sector? 1b. How can these constraints be overcome? 2a. What is the role of AFCAP in supporting in-country research? 2b What changes, if any, are needed for AFCAP to improve its effectiveness? | ||
| Experimental Treatment Options for Expansive Soils on Unpaved Roads in Ethiopia | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Alene, T. | 2010 | Many parts of Ethiopia are covered with expansive soils. The need arose to search for a suitable technology that can be used to stabilize these soils and use them for construction. The technology should minimise, as much as possible, the construction costs that would be incurred. For this reason, a test section proposal entitled “Experimental Treatment Options for Expansive Soils on Unpaved Roads” has been prepared incorporating different trial options to be tested on site. The construction of the test sections has been carried along the Chancho-Ginchi road. In this research different types of soil stabilization techniques have been used such as mechanical, lime and chemical stabilization of the problematic soil. The research has shown that construction in this kind of soil with various treatments for lower class rural access roads is possible. Further monitoring of the trials is necessary to determine the optimum treatment option. | ||
| Cobble stone and penetration macadam road construction application in Dire Dawa city | Dire Dawa Roads Authority, Ethiopia | Wubshet, B. | 2010 | This paper focuses on an intermediate construction technology that can be used to reduce the burden of sustainable road network provision. The approach described utilises penetration macadam technology, and is designed to promote employment and to be implemented through labour intensive approaches. It has the added advantage that it uses waste products from another road surfacing approach as the main ingredient. The approach has been piloted on 2.5km of road in Dire Dawa city with very encouraging results. | ||
| Cobblestone and penetration macadam application for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Dire Dawa Roads Authority, Ethiopia | Wubshet, B. | 2010 | Presentation • Cobble Stone Back Ground and Definition • Cobble Stone Road Construction Application in/Dire Dawa/ Ethiopia • The Advantages and Drawbacks of Cobble Stone Application/Why Cobble Stone? • Applicability of Cobble Stone • Penetration Macadam Back Ground and Definition • Advantages and Drawbacks of Penetration Macadam • The Application of Penetration Macadam and The Co-Relation with Cobble Stone • Different Pictures | ||
| Maternal and Newborn Health and Emergency Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa | Literature Review: Causes and Risk Factors for Maternal Deaths | Not Stated | 2010 | Extracts from research papers on the topic. | ||
| Variations in Otta Seal Application for Different Scenarios (Manica and Zambezia Provinces in Mozambique) | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique; TRL Ltd. | Manheche, F.;Mukura, K. | 2010 | This paper describes the Otta seal project in Manica and Zambeze Provinces in Mozambique, which contributes to the Rural Road Investment Programme. The RRIP aims to improve Mozambique's unpaved road network by increasing the possibility of all weather access and reducing long-term maintenance costs. The Otta Seal is a low-cost type of road surface with an asphalt surface treatment constructed by placing a graded aggregate on top of a thick application of relatively soft bituminous binding agent. Otta seals can be used as an impermeable surfacing for moisture susceptible gravel roads with low bearing capacity. It shields the base material from moisture infiltration and is flexible enough to withstand the relatively large deflections associated with low bearing capacity roads without exhibiting significant distress. | ||
| Use of Locally-Produced Materials for Paving Low-Volume Rural Roads | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique | Leta, N. | 2010 | Contents • Background • Paving Options • Production Aspects • Product Specifications • Characteristics of Experimental Sections • Construction Methods • Visual Assessment • Preliminary Findings • Challenges | ||
| Fired Clay Brick Trial Section Details | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique | Leta, N. | 2010 | Plan of ANE Fired Clay Brick Trial Section | ||
| Use of Locally-Produced Materials for Low-Volume Road Paving | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique | Leta, N.;Langa, R. | 2010 | The purpose of this paper is to provide details of the experimental sections constructed on low volume rural roads in Mozambique using locally available or produced materials for paving. These materials are fired clay brick, cobble stone and concrete slabs constructed by small scale local contractors with active participation of the local communities. The details include technical specifications, construction procedures employed, preliminary findings after a number of years in use and some conclusions. | ||
| Fired Clay Brick Trial Section Condition Survey | Administração Nacional de Estradas (ANE) Mozambique | Leta, N. | 2010 | Condition Survey Details of Fired Clay Brick Paving | ||
| AFCAP News Sheet | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2010 | Contents • The Importance of Access • What Is AFCAP? • Who Are Benefiting From AFCAP? • How AFCAP Works? • Project Updates | |||
| Update on S E Asian Rural Road Research and Lessons Learnt | OtB Engineering | Cook, J.;Pham, T. | 2010 | Contents • Very brief summary of the research • Outcomes- technical • Lessons learnt – mainstreaming and sustainability Introduction Between 2003 and 2009 DfID, World Bank and ADB co-funded research into appropriate LVRR pavement and surfacing options in Vietnam, Lao and Cambodia under (SEACAP). This work is now continuing under WB. • Performance of gravel roads • Pavement trials • Standards and Specifications • Mainstreaming and Uptake | ||
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Project Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | 2009 | The principle outputs from this AFCAP funded project are pavement design recommendations for low volume roads (LVRs) for both paved and unpaved roads that will lead to increased durability, lower user costs and lower long term maintenance requirements. These recommendations will be incorporated into a comprehensive design manual for LVRs that is being prepared under a separate but closely related AFCAP project. This project has a two pronged approach; (1) Demonstration of approaches that have been successful elsewhere which could be applicable to LVRs in Ethiopia. These include alternative surfacing options as well as surface treatments such as Otta seals and sand seals. (2) Derivation of specifications for the use of locally available materials that currently do not meet the criteria for use in roads. | ||
| Development of an Index for Monitoring the Condition of Low-Traffic Unpaved Roads | Indices Review Brief, August 2010 | Mozambique Road Fund | 2010 | The Mozambique Road Fund (FE) is concerned with the overall network condition monitoring and wish to represent the condition of the entire network using an alternative indicator of the level of service or performance that is relatively easy to derive whilst being robust. The FE contends that speed of travel can be used as useful proxy indicator for road condition on low volume unpaved roads where other indicators such as roughness cannot be easily measured due to technical and economical reasons. In June 2009 a project was instituted whose objective was to develop a practical, affordable, reliable and objective method of monitoring condition and level-of-service of unpaved road networks in Mozambique using speed data collected using simple GPS technology. | ||
| Regional Conference on Innovations in Road Financing and Management | Conference Report | Roads Fund Board (RFB), Tanzania | 2010 | Developing countries depend on traditional sources of revenue for road financing especially the Government Budgets and the fuel levy. Unfortunately, funding for road construction and maintenance is inadequate as well as not sustainable. In addressing this challenge, a number of other alternative sources of funding are being sought to ensure financing of road construction and maintenance is implemented in a sustainable way. On the road management, Road implementing agencies are facing a number of challenges including their institutional set ups, inadequacies in planning and procurement, inadequate absorption capacities, rising costs of road maintenance, and development works, most of the road networks are unpaved and its maintenance is not sustainable, overloading, and poor quality of works done. It is clear that existing approaches for managing the road network are unsustainable and thus the need to change and move along a different growth pathway that is driven by a range of economic, social and environmental challenges, including poverty alleviation, climate change, congestion, and the provision of basic mobility among others. | ||
| AFCAP Project: Production and Dissemination of a Booklet, ‘Children, Transport and Mobility' | Final Review Report | Durham University, UK | Porter, G. | 2010 | Summary The booklet, produced by the Project Young Researchers, was professionally designed and prepared for printing in 2009. In 2010, 2000 copies were successfully printed and disseminated in Ghana and Malawi, with support from a collaborating team including the following: the young researchers, Professor Albert Abane, University of Cape Coast [Ghana], Dr Alister Munthali and Dr Elsbeth Robson, University of Malawi; Dr Gina Porter, University of Durham, UK, and Ms Kate Czuczman of the International Forum for Rural Transport and Development. The booklet has also been made available for free download on AFCAP's web site, IFRTD's website http://www.ifrtd.org/en/full.php?id=480 and the child mobility project research site: www.dur.ac.uk/child.mobility. Feedback from recipient organisations and individuals has been extremely positive. The project was delivered within cost but required extra time due to printing delays in Malawi. Background: The booklet is aimed at raising the visibility of the transport challenges faced by children and young people in sub-Saharan Africa through the medium of their own voices. It encourages debate around young people's mobility and the transport they need for accessing the services and other facilities and activities important to their lives. | |
| Low Cost Surfacing Trial Road, Bondo District, Nyanza, Kenya | Design Brief Report for Kenya Rural Roads Authority | Intech Asset Management | Petts, R. | 2010 | This document provides design and preparatory guidance for a Local-Resource-Based (LRB) surfacing trial planned to be carried out under the SIDA assisted Roads 2000 road rehabilitation and maintenance programme in Nyanza Province, Kenya. The assignment has been carried out under the DFID funded AFCAP support to the Government of Kenya. The document sets out the background and investigations for the trials. It provides the detailed rationale for considering Otta seal and other surface options intended to meet the aims of being low-cost, local-resource-based, labour-based and environmentally responsible. This design brief provides guidance on alignment design, drainage provision, surfacing options, contract dossier preparation, and particular arrangements required for the trial. The contract dossiers will be assembled by the Roads 2000 HQ and Nyanza teams. | |
| TRL/ANE Research – RRIP & AFCAP, Developing Mozambique Guideline/Manual through Research & Development | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2010 | Background • Current documentation is a manual (Normas de Execucao) – a translation of the SATCC specification into Portuguese • Mozambique has poor road building materials e.g. problematic coastal sands cover vast areas • Majority of roads are low volume • AFCAP research has provided an opportunity to develop specifications and work norms through research | ||
| Development of a National Design Manual, Standard Specifications and Bidding Documents for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) | Mohammed, A. | 2010 | Presentation Outline I. Background Information. II. Organization of the Road Sector In Ethiopia III. Ethiopian Road and Bridge Manuals and their Use IV. The Reasons for LVR Documentation & Pre-requisite V. Scope of Content and LVR Documentation. VI. Principles and Approach for LVR Documentation. VII. Conclusion | ||
| Development of a contractor- and labour- friendly concept for construction of Low Volume Sealed Roads | Hongve, J. | 2010 | The Gundo Lashu Programme in South Africa • Designed as a Gravel Road Rehabilitation Programme • 24 Contractors Trained in Traditional Labour-Based Methods for Construction Of Gravel Roads • It was soon realized that Good Quality Wearing Course Gravel could hardly be found • The rehabilitated roads would therefore deteriorate rapidly under relatively high traffic (up to 400 Vpd) and heavy seasonal rainstorms. | |||
| Dust from Unpaved Roads | a brief overview of impacts and control | Greening, T.;O'Neill, P. | 2010 | Dust has adverse impacts on: • Health • Agriculture • Road safety • The environment • Road condition • Vehicle operating costs These Impacts have Associated Costs both at The Personal and Country Level | ||
| Design, Construction and Monitoring of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvement | Bagamoyo Final Monitoring Report | Roughton International | 2013 | Construction of the demonstration sections in Bagamoyo was completed in September 2011 and includes concrete strip sections, concrete geocells, hand packed stone, double surface dressing, an Otta seal with sand cover seal, double sand seal, slurry seal and gravel wearing course. Following completion of construction works in Bagamoyo in September 2011, baseline monitoring data was collected for comparison with data collected in subsequent monitoring periods in order to assess the performance and suitability of the various surfacing options. The final monitoring stage has now been completed. It was observed during the monitoring stage that most of the sections have performed well, particularly the double surface dressing, the Otta seal and concrete geocell. The slurry seal, double sand seal and hand packed stone sections have deteriorated rapidly and are not expected to have a long service life. | ||
| Alternative Approaches to District Road Maintenance | Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG), Tanzania | Ndyamukama, V. | 2010 | ISSUES • Previously district roads under funded and maintenance typically ad-hoc • Road Funds have established more adequate and reliable funding • Need to ensure effective use of funds • BUT: Which systems of maintenance are appropriate for district roads? | ||
| Institutional Assessment and Nature of Organisational Behaviour in Road Sector Institutions in the Selected Districts | Final Report, November 2010 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT);Ambicon Engineering | 2010 | The institutional analysis study is a review of knowledge of local institutional behaviour including a baseline understanding of behaviour of institutions within the three pilot districts in Dodoma Region. The aim of the study is to provide an understanding of how institutional factors contribute positively or negatively to existing District Road Maintenance systems in order to provide an input towards an improved system of road maintenance (in terms of efficiency and effectiveness). The assessment reviewed the existing institutional factors (working environment-culture, perceptions, attitudes, politics, leadership, capacity (financial and human), planning, procurement etc.), in order to find out how they affect the existing system of road maintenance and provided a set of recommendations and inputs that should be considered in the design and implementation of improved systems. A preliminary assessment of existing capacities at the Districts provided an input in the choice of the pilot districts for the study. | ||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Final Design Report, November 2010 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2010 | This Design Report contains the details of the various maintenance systems proposed by the Consultants. It includes a maintenance plan for the participating districts and tender dossiers to be used for the procurement of the maintenance contractors. An updated overall work plan for the project is presented in the last section. | ||
| Support to the Construction of a Low Volume Sealed Road in Murang'a South District in Kenya | Mission Report 25 Oct – 12 Nov 2010 | Hongve, J. | 2010 | The basic design of the Demonstration Project is sound and will give valuable information on the performance of thin pavements constructed with locally available non-standard materials. Some changes to the trial sections are proposed to gain as much information as possible, particularly regarding the performance of high plasticity sub-grade and base materials with or without lime treatment. Compaction to refusal (preferably to 100% of MDD or higher) is paramount when constructing thin pavements with non-standard materials. Adequate compaction equipment to achieve this will be available for the project. Some improvement to the drainage system and lifting of the road on flat, low lying sections should be done to ensure against moisture ingress into the pavement. | ||
| Supporting rural transport engineering research capacity | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Fishbourne, G. | 2010 | AFCAP ACTIVITIES Research • generation and validation of policies and practices • knowledge in infrastructure, transport services and mainstreaming of gender. Capacity Building • development of training materials, • awareness of best practice, • use of AFCAP training materials in wider fora. Knowledge Exchange • workshops, study tours, • collaboration with partners and • info media website links. | ||
| Alternative Surfacing for Low Volume Rural Roads | 1st AFCAP PRACTITIONERS CONFERENCE 23rd to 25th November 2010 | Roughton International | Gillett, S.;Conlon, S.;Kalesi, S. | 2010 | The overall objective of this project is to build district level capacity to undertake durable and cost effective improvement to District Roads using local resource based solutions. The methodology behind this project is to provide alternative pavements on a spot improvement/environmentally optimized design basis and thereby dramatically reduce the demand for gravel, provide a smoother running surface to reduce vehicle operating costs, provide basic all weather access and reduce travel times and dust pollution. | |
| Training Workshop on Rural Transport And Development, Arusha Tanzania | Briefing Note | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2010 | 1. Economics of Rural Roads and Rural Road Transport 2. The Planning and Prioritisation of Rural Roads 3. Principles for The Design of Low Volume Rural Roads 4. Classification and Geometric Design of Low Volume Roads 5. Design of Pavements and Surfacings for Low Volume Roads 6. Financing Rural Roads 7. The Role of Professional Institutions in Rural Road Provision | ||
| Training Contractors for Targeted Interventions on Low-Volume Roads in Mozambique | Monthly Report April 2011 | URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited | 2011 | Key issues related to on-site training were outlined and presented in the last report. They have been updated and given in Appendix 4: Assessment of Training and Contract Performance. As previously reported, there have been improvements on some projects, while on others there have not been much improvement on issues that have been pointed out and discussed. The biggest areas of concern continue to be: - Lack of preparation of realistic construction programmes - Inadequate attention to project management requirements - Lack of qualified and experienced personnel on sites - Failure to adhere to specifications - Delays in contract implementation | ||
| Training Contractors for Targeted Interventions on Low-Volume Roads in Mozambique | Draft Final Report | URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited | 2011 | The Contractor Training Project was implemented in two phases: Phase 1: From November 2009 to August 2010, funded by DFID through AFCAP Phase 2: From September 2010 to May 2011, funded by SIDA. Phase 1 commenced with identification and assessment of training needs among contractors and consultants working on the pilot projects, which formed the basis of the training programme and development of training materials. The training needs that were identified were contract management and administration aspects, materials specifications and testing, and road construction operations. These are detailed in section 5.3. Phase 2 concentrated more on site training of contractors and consultants' staff. This involved frequent visits by the training team to projects under construction and giving instruction on-site as work proceeded. Activities that were in progress and in which training was given were mainly: - Earthworks - Dumping, spreading and compaction of pavement materials - Construction of structures - ETB construction - Surfacing Assessment of the achievement and impact of the training and contract performance was done, with reference to the original assessed needs. This report describes these issues. | ||
| Targeted Interventions on Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Quarterly Project Progress Report No.3, February 2011 | TRL Ltd. | 2011 | The activities in this reporting period included: 1. Construction supervision 2. Materials testing 3. Design reviews and modification during construction 4. On- site training and review of work procedures 5. Preparation for the monitoring of the performance of roads constructed during Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the project. The report gives details of the work carried out , including the challenges and lessons learnt during its execution. TRL s role on the project is to provide technical assistance in developing adequate designs and specifications which will enable ANE to utilise the non-conventional materials that are abundantly available in Mozambique to deal with the problem of shortages of conventional road-building materials. This includes the following main activities: 1. Carry out research through trialling and monitoring of the performance of sections designed and built using marginal materials. 2. Supervise construction works, especially trial sect ions which will be instrumental in the development of appropriate specifications for the development of low volume roads. 3. Develop specifications that are appropriate for non-conventional materials. 4. Provide work norms for the provision of low-volume roads, both unpaved and sealed, that enable appropriate work standards to be achieved. 5. Train and impart knowledge on designs and work norms to ensure high standards of engineering and high quality workmanship. | ||
| AFCAP Research in Transport Services | Cardno IT Transport | Salomonsen, A. | 2010 | CONTENT Part 1: Transport Services Research & AFCAP Part 2: What has been done so far? Part 3: What is being done now? | ||
| Mobility, transport and rural access in sub-Saharan Africa: | the challenges of travel to key services | Durham University, UK | Porter, G. | 2011 | Common Rural Transport Challenges: • Road conditions • Availability, reliability, cost of transport services • Distance to key services: – Clinics and hospitals – Schools, especially post-primary – Market outlets for produce sales – Financial and political/administrative services • Socio-economic conditions: – Poverty – Gender- and age-related travel constraints | |
| Report on 2nd Sprayed Sealing Conference, 2010 | Melbourne, Australia | Ministry of Roads, Kenya | Kogi, S. | 2010 | Conference was organized by the ARRB Group with support from VicRoads • Conference theme – Sustaining sprayed sealing practice. • Attendance was over 500 delegates. • Conference was to provide an opportunity for practitioners and policy makers to keep abreast of new developments in sprayed seal design, material selection and construction techniques. | |
| Supporting rural transport engineering research capacity | Project Report | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2010 | (Some) Projects: • Review of Design Standards for Low Volume Roads (Malawi) • Improved District Roads Maintenance Systems (Tanzania) • Developing a Condition Monitoring Index for unpaved roads (Mozambique) • Using Roadworks to Enhance Community Water Supplies (Mozambique) • Study to Review Surface Dressing Practice (Ethiopia) • Production and Dissemination of a booklet on Child Mobility issues (Ghana and Malawi) • Two MSc Bursary students (Tanzania). | ||
| Introduction to the Lawate to Kibongoto Road | Roughton International | 2011 | OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT • Improve all year access to rural poor • Local resource-based rural road improvement • Identify cost effective community based methods of rural road construction • Introduce previously trialled surfaces under SEACAP and other methods • Extend the knowledge of rural road construction in Tanzania by constructing demonstration pavement sections | |||
| Design of Low Volume Roads | Feedback from Site Visit | Pinard, M. I. | 2011 | ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION Alignment • horizontal • vertical Road Safety • urban and peri-urban areas (x-section, etc) • rural areas • road width – curves, straights, 3m? 4m? • passing bays Environmental issues Social issues • Access to adjacent property Traffic over design life • Motorised, non-motorised (over design life) Pavement design • Efficacy of design (multi-layered, traditional approach) Materials • lab testing (BS methods) • wearing course gravel • pavement layers | ||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 4 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2011 | This is the fourth progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period 1st July 2011 to 30th September 2011. Three districts are included in the Study – Bahi, Mpwapwa, Dodoma Municipal. The progress in each district is described below. | ||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 3 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2011 | This is the third progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period 1st April 2011 to 30th June 2011. Three districts are included in the Study. The progress in each district is described below. • Bahi District: Works are progressing on all of the three Area Based Framework Contracts which have been awarded to local medium–sized contractors for maintenance of the district road network covering a total of 315 kilometres. 1st Work Orders for Northern and Southern packages were issued in April and May 2011 while the 2nd Work Order for the Central package was issued in May 2011. All contracts end in October 2011. A condition survey of the roads covered by the three contracts was carried out using GPS (experimental method applied in Mozambique) in April 2011. Most of the roads were found to be in fair to poor condition. Periodical condition surveys using the same method will be undertaken for the purpose of monitoring the effectiveness of the maintenance system during the contract period. Contract packages for works to be undertaken in f/y 2011/12 have been agreed and tender documents are being prepared. The plan is to sign contracts in early September with contract duration of 12 months. | ||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 1 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2010 | This is the first progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period to 31st December 2010. · Three districts are included in the Study. The progress in each district is described below. · Bahi District: Three Area Based Framework Contracts have been awarded to local medium–sized contractors for maintenance of the district road network covering a total of 315 kilometres. The work order for one of the packages has been prepared and issued while others are under preparation and the works are about to commence. The contract periods are 8 months. · Mpwapwa District: Due to misunderstandings between the DED and the DE, the preparations of the trial contracts did not proceed to plan. Eventually, the LGA has awarded contracts using conventional small contracts. The AFCAP trial will now have to commence in the next financial year commencing in July 2011. | ||
| Promoting Rural Development through Rural Roads and Transport | Cardno IT Transport | Hine, J. | 2011 | The Rural Transport System & Poverty 1. The visible manifestation of poverty: High personal effort, low long distance trip making, low goods movement, poor use of services, limited market interaction 2. The transport constraints: Long walking distances, limited modal choice, high transport costs, poor service frequency, unsafe transport 3. The difficulties with the transport system: Low service density, cartels and weak competition, inadequate infrastructure 4. Underlying factors causing the problem: Low density of demand, weak tax base, poor infrastructure funding, weak institutional structure | ||
| Monitoring the Performance of Unpaved Roads Using GPS Surveys | Geilinger, D.;Herman, L.;Bopoto, C. | 2011 | Overview • Why we need new ways to measure unpaved road performance. • Why use a GPS? • What are the objectives? • The Steps in the Process. | |||
| Implementation of Demonstration Sections along the Bago to Talawanda Road | Roughton International | 2011 | Objectives of Research • Create year round access to rural areas • Local resource-based improvement • Identify cost effective community based methods of construction • Introduce previously trialled surfaces under SEACAP and other methods • Extend the knowledge of rural road construction in Tanzania | |||
| Alternative Approaches to District Road Maintenance | Cardno IT Transport | Awadh, A. | 2011 | The Issue • Previously district roads underfunded and maintenance typically ad-hoc • Road Funds have established more adequate and reliable funding • Need to ensure effective use of funds • BUT: Which systems of maintenance contracting are appropriate for district roads? | ||
| Design of Low Volume Roads | Pinard, M. I. | 2011 | • General Introduction • Engineered Earth Roads • Gravel Roads • Low Volume Sealed Roads • Performance Review of Malawi Low Volume • Sealed Roads • DCP Method of Pavement Design | |||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 2 : 1st January to 31st March 2011 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2011 | This is the second progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period 1st January 2011 to 31st March 2011. Three districts are included in the Study. The progress in each district is described below. • Bahi District: Works are progressing on one of the three Area Based Framework Contracts that have been awarded to local medium–sized contractors for maintenance of the district road network covering a total of 315 kilometres. The work orders for the other two packages have been prepared but not issued because the District Engineer had retired and the DED was worried about the capacity of the remaining staff to properly supervise the works when all contracts are active. Another reason was the fear that the contractors will not be able to work during the rains that started in December 2010. The works on the remaining two contracts are expected to start in April 2011. It is planned to carry out a condition survey of the roads covered by the contracts using a GPS (experimental method applied in Mozambique) in April 2011 and use this system for monitoring the effectiveness of the maintenance system during the contract period. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part G, Final Draft | Road Maintenance Booklet | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | This Booklet has been developed by the Ethiopian Road Authority as one of a number of initiatives to help rapidly expand, develop and maintain the rural road network to provide greatly improved road access and lower the transport costs for rural communities. The Booklet specifically sets out guidance for Weredas, Kebeles and all local communities on how to maintain their own road access using the limited resources available to them. It also advises how it may be possible to mobilise outside resources to enhance the impact of their own initiatives. By focussing on the use and mobilisation of available local resources, such as a range of materials and local labour and skills, it is entirely possible to build and maintain durable all-weather road access suitable for all traffic from pedestrians and animal transport up to buses and trucks. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part F, Final Draft | Trail Bridges Manual | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | This Manual provides technical guidelines for the construction of unstiffened pedestrian suspended and suspension type cable bridges (catwalk). It applies for suspension bridges, which require higher towers or pylons on both sides of the bridge. This Manual follows the actual step-by-step processes of constructing a suspended (D-type) and suspension (N-type) bridges. It starts with preparatory work for the site assessment and survey, design and cost estimate and ends with practical guidelines for bridge construction and maintenance. The Manual is structured into three Chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the technical and social issues which are common to D-type and N-type bridges. Chapter 2 and 3 deal with details of specific technical issues of D-type and N-type bridges, respectively. All relevant specific forms are included at the last section of each chapter. The drawings and Bill of Quantity calculation sheet and specific steel and construction drawings are found in a separate folder. The drawings are done using a software called ‘'Claris Draw'' and one has to install this software in order to open the drawings. This Manual along with the Forms and the Drawings is intended to give quick and reliable technical methods of surveying, designing and constructing simple pedestrian bridges for engineers and technologists. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part E, Final Draft | Explanatory Notes and Design Standards for Small Structures | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | Part E of the LVR Design Manual - 2011 deals with small drainage and watercourse crossing structures, typically up to 10 metres span (as shown in Plate E.1.1), and retaining structures. It provides detailed guidance on the processes involved with the planning, design, construction and maintenance of small drainage and other structures for low volume roads. It is clear that road structures are an important aspect of road design and construction. Unfortunately it is an aspect that is often given little or insufficient attention which is shown by the fact that when roads become impassable it is usually where they cross a watercourse. Although the length of road structures forms only a very small fraction of the total road length the time spent on their design must be a much greater portion of the total planning and design process. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part D, Final Draft | Explanatory Notes for Low Volume Road Design | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | This Part of the manual provides the following chapters of explanatory notes and supporting information that should be considered during the design process and provides background to the standards shown in Part B of the manual: • Chapter 2: Site investigation for route selection and design • Chapter 3: Roadside slope stabilisation • Chapter 4: Geometric design • Chapter 5: Drainage • Chapter 6: Materials and pavement design • Chapter 7: Surfacing | ||
| Using Road Works to enhance Community Water Supplies in Mozambique | Phase 1 Final Report, Feasibility Study | Eduardo Mondlane University | 2011 | Access to water supply is poor in rural Mozambique particularly in the dry season. Efforts are being made by the Government of Mozambique to increase access to water supply in the rural areas. At the same time, the government is also striving to improve road infrastructure to facilitate better connection between rural urban areas and hence increase the economic development. These road networks being constructed or improved require construction materials such as sand and stones and as a result, excavations are made along the roads to extract these materials. These excavations known as borrow pits tend to store water during the rains and are referred to as ‘road ponds'. Road ponds can also be formed by building road crossing structures on water courses that retain storm water. Communities that are in close proximity to these road ponds use them as a source of water supply for domestic purposes, watering animals, irrigation and for recreation. | ||
| AFCAP Bite-size Project Updates | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2011 | Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, South Sudan | |||
| Demonstration Sites along Bago – Talawanda Road (20.26km) | Quarterly Progress Report : December 2010 – February 2011 | Roughton International | 2011 | The largely earth and gravel based rural networks in Africa are imposing huge maintenance burdens on poorly resourced authorities and governments. This is particularly true in Tanzania, which has a large earth and gravel road network. The resultant maintenance demand is high, threatening the future sustainability of the entire network. Gravel is becoming increasingly scarce or available only at long haulage distances, thus further increasing the cost of gravelling and regravelling. A further aim of the project is to provide all weather access to district roads using environmentally optimised design. Environmentally optimised design involves applying robust pavements at specific problematic locations along the road and applying less expensive and less wasteful designs in areas which are perfectly satisfactory all year round. The problematic sections along the roads will provide the locations of different trial sections using different sustainable solutions. | ||
| Performance Review of Design Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Final Fieldwork Report | Pinard, M. I. | 2011 | Phase 2 of the project – Field Investigations and Laboratory Testing - is now complete. This phase was delayed due to the need to undertake some supplementary sampling and testing to improve the confidence of the new specifications and design methods being developed. This additional work was completed towards the end of December 2010 and, together with the previous sampling and testing carried out during the first half of 2010, marks the completion of Phase 2 of the project, some 12 months behind schedule. | ||
| Workshop on Innovations in Road Design - Workshop Report | Juba, South Sudan, 4th and 5th August 2011 | Geddes, R. | 2011 | The primary objective of the workshop was to present recent innovations in the design of low volume roads, with particular reference to the new Low Volume Roads Design Manuals prepared under AFCAP1 in Ethiopia. A secondary objective was to appraise practitioners in South Sudan of changes that are being made to Ethiopia design manuals and specifications for high volume roads. South Sudan is presently using Ethiopia road design standards from 2002. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part C, Final Draft | Complementary Interventions | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | Part C describes some concepts and practical issues relating to the planning, design and implementation of potential complementary interventions on low volume road projects. Complementary interventions are: • Actions that can, if desired, be included in and implemented through the roads project or the road works contract; • Targeted toward the communities that lie within the infl uence corridor of the road and are affected by the road itself, by road users or by the road works; • Intended to optimise the benefi ts brought by the road and to extend positive, and mitigate negative, impacts of road projects on local communities; • Not mandatory. They are included at the discretion of the client; • Not designed to remove or replace the responsibilities of the contractor, client or other authorities or institutions. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part B, Final Draft | Design Standards for Low Volume Roads | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | Low Volume Roads fall under the responsibility of several authorities including community/cooperative structures, kebele and wereda administrations, and the regional and federal road authorities. This manual provides the requirements for the design of low volume roads under the responsibility of these authorities. The standards provide an appropriate level of service for each class of road. | ||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Roads: Part A, Final Draft | Introduction - April 2011 | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2011 | This manual is intended for use by roads practitioners responsible for the design of low traffi c earth, gravel or paved roads in Ethiopia. It is appropriate for roads which, over their design life, are required to carry an average of up to about 300 vehicles per day, and less than about 1.0 million equivalent standard axles (Mesa) in one direction. The Manual complements and links to the “Pavement Design Manual – Volume 1 - Flexible Pavements” and is accompanied by separate volumes dealing with Technical Specifications, Drawings and appropriate level Bidding Documents. | ||
| Demonstration and Research Site, Bagomoyo District, Tanzania | Fact Sheet | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2011 | The Bago to Talawanda Road (21km) in Bagomoyo District has been upgraded to all weather standard using the Environmentally Optimised Design approach. The road serves a productive pineapple growing area. Under the EOI method only the worst sections of road, which became impassable in the rains, were selected for improvement. | ||
| doc | AFCAP/ROADS AUTHORITY LVRS PERFORMANCE REVIEW STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP | Questions, Comments and Responses after the Presentation by Consultant, Mike Pinard. | Chagunda, J. | 2011 | Road Map At the end of the discussions, the Roads Authority indicated the following Road Map for the project: • Comments will be taken into the Final Report of this research phase of the project • Electronic copy of the main document to be circulated for this phase so further comments and comments have to be submitted within 2 weeks – by 20th May 2011. • Phase 2: will be production of the LVSR Design Standards and Specifications. A formal request will be submitted to AFCAP for funding since the current funding was covering only phase 1 of research. • When funds are sourced, then the LVSR Design Standards and Specifications for Malawi will be produced. • Finally RA, NCIC and MBS through relevant Government Ministries will be involved for gazetting and legalizing the Standards and Specifications for use. | |
| DCP Pavement Design for Low Volume Rural Roads Course | August 31st - September 1st 2011 | Roughton International | 2011 | The course on “Low Volume Rural Road Pavement Design using the DCP” was delivered by Dr. Phil Paige Green of CSIR. It covered the following aspects: 1. History and development of the DCP; 2. DCP equipment and its use; 3. Theoretical aspects of DCP related to pavement design; 4. The WinDCP software package; 5. Applications of DCP testing. A brief overview of the main aspects of the course shall be given below. The general information on history and basics about the DCP equipment shall be omitted in order to keep the note brief. | ||
| Preparation of a Pavement Design Manual and Standard Bidding Documents for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Inception Report | Pinard, M. I. | 2011 | The project to undertake the Preparation of a Pavement Design Manual and Standard Bidding Documents for Low Volume Roads in Malawi commenced on 10th October 2011. The main objective of this project is to develop the documentation needed by practitioners in the roads sector in Malawi to design low volume roads to appropriate standards and specifications that allow the use of locally available materials to the maximum extent possible. The documentation will include a pavement design manual based on the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) method and simplified bidding documents appropriate with design approach. Stage 1 of the project – Review of Phase 1 Report and existing Standard Bidding Documents (SBD) – has been completed whilst Stage 2 - Preparation of Draft Manual and SBD – is underway and includes the preparation of this Inception Report. | ||
| Performance Review of Design Standards and Technical Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Final Report | Pinard, M. I. | 2011 | At the request of the Roads Authority, the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) has assisted the Authority in undertaking a project aimed at gaining official acceptance of appropriate low volume sealed roads (LVSR) standards to ensure their application on a wider scale. The key objectives of the project were to: (a) Undertake a review of performance of existing low volume sealed roads, existing design standards and specifications used for the construction of low volume sealed roads in Malawi; (b) Establish an appropriate design methodology for LVSRs and provide recommendations for the development of manuals and other official documentation needed to facilitate the use of appropriate LVR standards by the road sector in Malawi; (c) Estimate the costs that can be achieved through adopting more appropriate design standards for LVSRs. | ||
| Targeted Interventions for Low Volume Roads in Mozambique | Monitoring Report, November 2012 | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2012 | This report presents some interim findings from the monitoring data collected at intervals to measure the performance of the sites constructed under the second phase of the AFCAP project in Mozambique. A preliminary discussion is made under each parameter sub-heading of the performance of each trial site. A more detailed analysis of the monitoring data will be provided once the final monitoring period has been completed in February 2013. | |
| Targeted Interventions for Low Volume Roads in Mozambique | Quarterly Progress Report No.7 | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2012 | This quarterly report provides details of the work carried out by TRL on Mozambique AFCAP/RRIP Phase 2 for the past 3 months from August 2012. This project has been ongoing for over 2 years and a lot of work has been accomplished. The report provides an insight into the activities carried out during this reporting period, the achievements and challenges that have been faced and the plans for the next reporting period. | |
| 5th Africa Transportation Technology Transfer (T2) Conference | AFCAP Workshop on Rural Accessibility and Mobility | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Porter, G.;Hine, J.;Geilinger, D.;Pinard, M. I.;Geddes, R. | 2011 | The objective of the workshop was to facilitate discussion, knowledge exchange and learning on a range of factors affecting rural access and mobility. These factors include social and economic impacts, road condition and road management, and engineering design standards. The workshop was attended by about 50 practitioners from governments and the private sector, including delegates invited from the six participating AFCAP countries. | |
| Learning with older people about their transport and mobility problems in rural Tanzania: focus on improving access to health services and livelihoods | Milestone 4: Report on the launch and dissemination workshop | HelpAge;Durham University, UK;Policy Research for Development, REPOA, Tanzania | 2012 | This brief report summarises the proceedings of the one day launch meeting held on the 7th of August 2012 to launch the findings and analysis of the field research from the project: Learning with older people about their transport and mobility problems in rural Tanzania: focus on improving access to health services and livelihoods. The field study was carried out between February and May 2012. At this meeting a total of 42 participants including representatives of the older peer researchers, the Kibaha District Local Government officials, officials from the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Transport, older people's organizations and stakeholders from the transport sector, the media, Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Economic Social Research Fund, REPOA, The National Institute of Transport and other CSOs were present. | ||
| AFCAP FIRST VISIT TO DRC | 3rd to 7th October 2011 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Leta, N. | 2011 | The AFCAP Technical Managers, Rob Geddes and Nkululeko Leta visited Kinshasa, DRC from the 3rd to the 7th of October 2011. The primary objective was to assess the possibility and, subsequently, modalities of AFCAP involvement in the DRC. This assessment was done through meetings with most key stakeholders in the road sector, who included development partners (EU, AfDB, DFID, World Bank), GoDRC agencies (DVDA, OdR, FONER, BTC, Cellule Infrastrutures) and others. The visit also provided the opportunity for the AFCAP team to meet and establish contacts with the main actors in the road sector with whom AFCAP will collaborate once formal approvals to operate are given by GoDRC. | |
| AFCAP Information Leaflet | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2011 | THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESS WHAT IS AFCAP? BUILDING ON EXISTING INSTITUTIONS WHO ARE BENEFITING FROM AFCAP? COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE | |||
| PREMIERE VISITE DE L'AFCAP EN RDC | du 3 au 7 octobre 2011 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Leta, N. | 2011 | Les Directeurs techniques de l'AFCAP, Rob Geddes et Nkululeko Leta, ont rendu visite à Kinshasa (RDC) du 3 au 7 octobre 2011. L'Objectif principal était d'évaluer la possibilité et, ultérieurement, les modalités de l'engagement de l'AFCAP dans la RDC. Cette évaluation a eu lieu par l'entremise des réunions organisées avec la plus part des parties prenantes dans le secteur routier, composés de partenaires du développement (l'UE, la BAD, le DFID, la Banque mondiale), les agences du gouvernement de RDC (DVDA, OdR, FONER, BTC, Cellule Infrastructure) ainsi que d'autres partenaires. | |
| Preparation of a Route Selection Manual for Ethiopian Roads Authority | Inception Report | URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited | 2012 | The outline contents of the Manual will need to be modified from the draft contained in the Consultant's Technical Proposal in order to take account of the comments and suggestions made during TWG 1. It may also be necessary to modify the approach in order to structure it around the three sub-bullet points listed in Section 3 above, namely the activity flow chart/decision tree, input recommendations and factor weights. | ||
| Linking Rural Communities with Health Services: | Assessing the effectiveness of the Ghana Ambulance Service in meeting the needs of rural communities - QR3 | TRANSAID | 2012 | Continuing progress has been made on this project. The partnership between the National Ambulance Service (for Ghana Ministry of Health) and Transaid has deepened and NAS have now been offered a contract to undertake the fieldwork for Workpackage 3. The NAS have assembled a very high quality team to undertake the work and it represents further progress in developing the ownership of the project by NAS. The work for Workpackage 3 on the impact of improved access through delivering an ambulance service has also progressed with submission having been made for Ethical Review and approval due, just after the deadline for this report on July 25. Here again the growing support and ownership of NAS has been invaluable. A fieldwork training workshop will also be undertaken just after this reporting deadline on July 25-26 in Ashanti Region, Ghana. | ||
| Research Consultant to Support the Design, Construction and Monitoring of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvements in Tanzania | Quarterly Report during the Monitoring Phase | Roughton International | 2012 | Following completion of construction works a set of data was collected to act as a base line comparison for future monitoring stages in order to determine the performance and suitability of the various surfacing options for different types of terrain for rural roads across Africa. Data collection stages will take place at 6 months intervals for a period of two years by the consultant and a further 8 years by the District Engineer and staff. This report details the findings from the data collection carried out in April 2012, 6 months after construction had been completed. The methods of monitoring the demonstration sections are as follows: • Visual inspection; • Photographic logging; • Surface profile measurement between beacons; • Surface rut measurement using a standard straight edge; • Surface roughness using a MERLIN apparatus; • Surface texture measurement using sand patch testing; • Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing; • Classified traffic counts; • GPS Monitoring; | ||
| Identification and Mapping of Calcrete Deposits in Inhambane Province and the Preparation of a Calcrete Classification System | Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | 2012 | The purpose of the project is to build on existing experience in the use of calcrete in road construction in the SADC region. | ||
| Use of Road Works to Enhance Community Water Supplies in Mozambique | Pre-Inception Report | Stange Consult | 2012 | Resettlement of communities alongside upgraded and rehabilitated primary, secondary and tertiary roads has occurred throughout Mozambique. This has resulted in linear villages often with no focal point spread over long distances and, except at designated growth points, often lacking in basic utility services, especially water supply. Climate, relief, geology and soils often exacerbate the precarious water supply situation with regard to both surface and underground resources, which can result in low, unreliable and seasonal yields especially during the dry season. It is recognised that road works can be used to enhance community water supplies either by building structures that utilise the road to retain water or by utilising water that collects in borrow pits from which road making materials have been extracted. Consequently, the objective of the assignment is to undertake research by initially identifying and designing pilot projects whereby road works can be used to enhance community water supplies on a larger scale in Mozambique. | ||
| Follow Up Assessment of The Feeder Roads Project, Zambézia Province, Mozambique | Inception Report | SAL Consultoria em Desenvolvimento Social Lda - SCDS (Norconsult Group) | 2012 | The follow-up Study of the Social and Economic Impact of the Feeder Roads Project in Zambézia province is designed to assess the outcomes and consequences of the project upon communities and people living in the vicinity of the road, ten years after the project's final socio-economic impact study. The study's specific objective is to evaluate the outcomes of three principal impacts of the project upon rural livelihoods in Zambézia ten years ago: a) The involvement of local people, especially women in labour on the roads; b) The positive trends created by the impact of project wages and employment; and c) The wider impact that the rehabilitated roads had upon livelihood strategies along the roads. | ||
| Handbook of Intermediate Equipment for Road Works in Emerging Economies | (Selection and Costing) | Intech Associates | Petts, R. | 2012 | This Handbook sets out guidelines for the costing and procurement of intermediate equipment. These are two key management functions necessary to achieve successful and affordable road works in the limited resource environment typical of economically emerging and developing countries (EDCs). Some of the intermediate equipment items have useful applications or income earning potential in other sectors such as transport and agriculture. The Handbook is aimed primarily at Contractors, Contractors Associations, Road Engineers, Planners, Investors, Equipment and other Managers involved with road works in emerging and developing economies. However, it is expected that Trainers and Educational Establishments will be able to incorporate material from the Handbook in their human resource development courses. Parts of this Handbook may be reproduced for this purpose provided that the source is clearly acknowledged by Title and Author. | |
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 7 : 1st March to 30th June 2012 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2012 | This is the seventh progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period 1st April 2012 to 30th June 2012. Three districts in Dodoma region are included in the Study – Bahi, Mpwapwa and Dodoma Municipal. • Delays in procurement of contracts at district level resulted in late commencement of projects and slow progress of the Study. All contracts will now be concluded in September/October 2012. The progress in each district is described below. • Bahi District: Three framework contracts are being implemented. The second and last work orders were issued in mid April after completion of the works ordered under first work order. Works are progressing well and payments to contractors are effected timely. Lack of a qualified district engineer is affecting the study. The supervision of the works has improved following the return to the DE office of one of the staff who was attending studies. All works are now scheduled for completion in August 2012. | ||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 6 : 1st January to 31st March 2012 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2012 | This is the sixth progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period 1st January 2012 to 31st March 2012. Three districts are included in the Study – Bahi, Mpwapwa and Dodoma Municipal. • Delays in procurement of contracts at district level have resulted in late commencement of projects and slow progress of the Study. All contracts will now be concluded in September/October 2012. The progress in each district is described below. • Bahi District: Contracts for the three framework contracts were signed on 13th January 2012 with contract durations of 10 months. The first work orders were issued on 23rd January 2012 after inspection of the roads by the DE staff. This was after an inspection of all roads immediately after signing of contract to establish their actual condition. The value of the works under the first work order (to be executed within three months) is about 30% of the contract values. | ||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Quarterly Progress Report No. 5 : 1st October to 31st December 2011 | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2012 | This is the fifth progress report for the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. It covers the period 1st October 2011 to 31st December 2011. Three districts are included in the Study – Bahi, Mpwapwa and Dodoma Municipal (see maps in Annex). Delays in procurement of contracts at district level continue to hamper progress of the Study. The progress in each district is described below. · Bahi District: All works contracted out in financial year (f/y) 2010/11 under Area Based Framework Contracts were completed by early October 2011. Tenders for the three (3) packages of works to be carried out f/y 2011/12 were opened on 21st November 2011. Evaluation of tenders was completed in early December and the District Tender Board awarded the contracts on 30th December 2011. Contracts will be signed in early January 2012 with contract durations of 10 months. Preparation of 1st work orders will be completed in early January 2012 after an inspection of the roads by the DE staff. | ||
| Revision of the Drainage Design Manual in Ethiopia | First Workshop Report | ME Consulting Engineers Ltd (MECE) | 2012 | AFCAP were requested by the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) to assist in the updating and expanding the existing suite of road design manuals, standard specifications and bidding documents, including incorporating the specific requirements of low volume roads. As part of this work, AFCAP commissioned ME Consulting Engineers Ltd (MECE) to review and update the existing ERA 2002 drainage manual. MECE organised a stakeholder workshop to obtain experiences of practitioners and identify where the perceived shortfalls exist in the current manual and what research and available information now exists that can be incorporated into the manual. This report summarizes issues raised and recommendations made by the technical group at the workshop. | ||
| Identification and Mapping of Calcrete Deposits in Inhambane Province and Preparation of a Calcrete Classification System and Specifications for the Use of Calcrete in Road Construction in Mozambique | Technical Review | TRL Ltd.;InfraAfrica | 2012 | Calcrete - a pedogenic material that commonly occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of Southern Africa – is one of the locally available materials found in Inhambane Province. Recent experience on projects implemented by the Mozambique National Road Administration (ANE) in the province has shown that calcrete can be used both as base material when blended with local sand and in graded aggregate seals with a soft bituminous binder. This approach offers considerable cost savings over conventional design approaches for paved roads. Thus, if the suspected abundant calcrete deposits in the province can be relatively easily located, this will lead to more extensive use of this material, either neat or blended with local sands, to provide durable road bases for sealed roads. This will alleviate the perennial problem of maintaining unsealed roads constructed from non-durable local sands or sandcalcrete admixtures which tend to deteriorate fairly rapidly under traffic. | ||
| Research Consultant to Support the Design, Construction and Monitoring of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvements in Tanzania | Sociology Report | Roughton International | 2012 | Roughton International undertook a short investigation into pertinent issues which are impacting the lives of local inhabitants in the project areas of Bagomoyo and Siha Districts. These issues include aspects such as access to health services, agricultural markets and schools, and any associated road safety issues. It highlights key observations and suggests areas for more detailed investigation to maximise the positive impact of future AFCAP interventions. The surveys were conducted using qualitative ‘checklist' interviews comprising one-to-one and key informant interviews. Approved check sheets were used flexibly as a research method for exploring the effects of the roads on the communities. | ||
| Preparation of a Road Design Manual and Standard Bidding Documents for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Malawi | Workshop Report | Pinard, M. I. | 2012 | As part of the AFCAP-supported project on the development of a Road Design Manual for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) and related Standard Bidding Documents (SBDs) for Malawi, a Technical Working Group (TWG) workshop was held at the Capital Hotel, Lilongwe on 20th and 21st March 2012. The key objectives of the workshop were to: - Present the first draft of the Road Design Manual and Standard Bidding Documents for Low Volume Sealed Roads, and - Obtain feedback on the draft documents from the workshop participants as input for revising them. The workshop was attended by members of the TWG comprising representatives from both the public and private sectors. | ||
| Low Cost Road Surfacing and Pavement Guideline Document | Phase 2 Inception Report | OtB Engineering | 2012 | DfID, World Bank and Asian Development Bank funded research under the South East Asia Community Access Programme (SEACAP) has developed a considerable amount of knowledge on LVRR paving and surfacing techniques suitable for application in resource constrained conditions, whilst multi-agency supported research in the Southern Africa region enabled a Low Volume Sealed Roads Guideline (The SADC LVSR Guideline) to be developed. In addition AFCAP is currently supporting LVRR research and development in a number of sub-Saharan counties It is clear that undertaking research and developing likely solutions is not nearly enough. There has to be a framework within which they can be mainstreamed. There is, therefore, a need to compile and synthesise the recently acquired LVRR knowledge into a concise international Low-Cost Road Surfacing and Pavement Guideline (LCPG) that would impart confidence in these methods and aid rural road practitioners in the development and implementation of local “good-practice” pavement and surfacing designs and construction procedures within a framework of national standards and specifications that best suit local conditions within individual countries or regions. | ||
| Ingénieur-conseil chargé d'apporter une assistance technique à court terme à en République Démocratique du Congo | Rapport de visite du site | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2012 | Ce rapport donne les détails sur l'étude de cadrage en RDC menée en appui au programme Pro-Routes du DFID et de la Banque mondiale qui vise le désenclavement des zones inaccessibles du pays. Le rapport porte sur les dispositions de sécurité, les réunions qui ont eu lieu, les visites qui ont été effectuées sur les tronçons ciblés, les conclusions, les propositions et les recommandations. | |
| Research Project for Establishment of Appropriate Design Standards for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Kenya | Design Report | Hongve, J.;Amimo, E. | 2012 | Cross-sections based on the current Kenya Minor Roads Standard are proposed for these roads. - Standard Cross-section 5.4m carriageway plus 0.3 m sealed shoulders; - Reduced Cross-section 5.4m carriageway for hilly/mountainous terrain; Both with a minimum of 3.5% camber to ensure good runoff from the carriage way and drain inverts 750 mm below the crown. Due to the narrow road reserve in many areas of Kenya it is felt that both the recommendations in ORN 6 and Ethiopian LVR Design Manual for similar roads will be too costly and will not be conducive to the expansion of the paved rural road network and rural development in general. The test sections are short and widening may be done later if the roads are upgraded and construction of wider cross-sections is found to be economically justified. DCP tests were used to determine the pavement design using the WinDCP Software from CSIR, South Africa. The analysis based on the current traffic data shows that the recommended pavement designs have a structural capacity well in excess of the Design Traffic Load for a 15 year design period. DCP design curves for the Pavement Classes are based on the DCP Design Catalogue from Malawi. | ||
| Feeder Roads Project Zambézia: Follow-Up Assessment | SAL Consultoria em Desenvolvimento Social Lda - SCDS (Norconsult Group) | Thompson, G.;Pedro, C. | 2012 | The results of the study indicate several important changes since the conclusion of road works in 2001: - Increased access to services and number of social infrastructure (schools, health units, water supplies); - Increased number of small businesses; - Intensified resource use with a concurrent increase in local processing and trade (markets for agriculture products, small traders, small processing industries, sale of charcoal and firewood); - Increased flow of goods and transporters; - Increased market activity; - Changes in settlement patterns with people moving from areas further away to the roadside; - The growth of logging and charcoal burning and their commercialization; - Although the project has in its objectives that 25% of the contracted work should be female, the hiring of women workers was in retrospect, considered far short of the expectations of women in general; - An increase in women's participation in the informal labour force as an income generating activity. | ||
| Targeted Interventions on Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Design Report | TRL Ltd. | 2012 | This report covers the design stage of the RRIP/AFCAP project Phase 3. | ||
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low-Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Assosa – Kurmuk Laterite Base Trials: Design and Construction Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Greening, P. | 2012 | The behaviour of Laterites varies significantly from other natural materials of high plasticity. The plasticity of laterite contributes significantly to strength upon drying back by acting as “cement” to the nodules. The site on Assosa-Kurmuk road was constructed to demonstrate this principle as well as to investigate the influence of sealed or unsealed shoulders on wheel path moisture and strength both in cut and fill. The results from long term monitoring should provide information that can update current practice in the use of neat natural bases as well as on the use of sealed and unsealed shoulders. | |
| doc | Learning with older people about their transport and mobility problems in rural Tanzania | focus on improving access to health services - Inception | HelpAge; Durham University, UK | HelpAge;Porter, R. | 2012 | This inception report sets out our plans for the field training and research component of our study of older people's transport and mobility problems in rural Tanzania. Appendix A is an updated literature review of material on older people and mobility relevant to the planned research. For an outline of the full project, please refer to the revised Technical Proposal submitted to AFCAP in May 2011 |
| Técnicas de Caracterización Simplificadas para Materiales (sub) Tropicales de Superficies y el Diseño | Alemgena, A. | 2012 | La mayoría de los asfaltos en los países en vías de desarrollo están diseñados según un índice de propiedades de los materiales relacionado con un gráfico de diseño único, limitando la incorporación de materiales nuevos y secundarios cuyos datos de propiedades no están disponibles en el índice. El comportamiento mecánico de material granular puede utilizarse para el diseño con el fin de promover la introducción de materiales secundarios presentes en abundancia de forma natural, así como materiales reciclados de superficies o subsuperficies de carreteras para la construcción de carreteras de dichos países. Las propiedades materiales de estos materiales pueden obtenerse a raíz de una técnica de caracterización de carga repetida simplificada CBR (RL-CBR). Se ha llevado a cabo una caracterización CBR de carga repetida extensiva en materiales granulados de superficie y subsuperficies (sub) tropicales. Se ha seguido un análisis de método de elementos finitos a fines de diseñar la CBR de carga repetida y se obtuvo un módulo resistente equivalente al material de muestra. Además, se llevó a cabo una prueba cíclica triaxial para validar el resultado de la CBR de carga repetida. Mediante la técnica de caracterización CBR de carga repetida no solo se mejora la accesibilidad práctica de caracterizar el comportamiento mecánico de materiales granulares sin ligantes, sino que además se demuestra el efecto de contenido de humedad y el grado de compactación en dichos comportamientos. | |||
| doc | Learning with older people about their transport and mobility problems in rural Tanzania | Milestone 3: Work in progress paper with field research report, May - July 2012 | HelpAge; Durham University, UK; Policy Research for Development, REPOA, Tanzania | HelpAge;Porter, R. | 2012 | This work in progress report covers field research and related activities conducted since the workshop training for older people peer researchers and the field training for REPOA research assistants was conducted in February-March 2012. In the subsequent period, March to June 2012, all field research for this project was completed. In July 2012, preliminary data analysis took place in UK. This was essential so that the launch and dissemination workshop with stakeholders could be conducted in early August 2012. A brief review of each activity is provided. Annex 1 presents the first draft of the data analysis of all research outputs. This was conducted in UK by Gina Porter in preparation for discussions at the August workshop. |
| AFCAP Tanzania Study Tour to Inhambane Province, Mozambique | Study Tour Report | Stange Consult | 2012 | The objectives of the study tour were: 1) To have an appreciation of the Area Based Maintenance System and to see how applicable it is to the Tanzanian situation 2) To compare current maintenance approach with ABMS and weigh if it can be adapted to Tanzania road maintenance strategy. The site visit was done on the 18th of September 2012 and the workshop was conducted on the 19th and 20th of September, 2012. | ||
| Training Contractors for Targeted Interventions on Low-Volume Roads in Mozambique | Final Report | Scott Wilson Group plc. | 2010 | Scope of Work The Scope of Work of the project is summarised as follows: 1) Undertake theoretical and on-site training of local contractors in Mozambique 2) Undertake a training needs assessment of the contractors engaged for the construction works 3) Prepare training materials required for the theoretical (classroom) training 4) Organise three-day theoretical training sessions in each region to be attended by the successful bidders for works contracts under the RRIP 5) Provide on-site training and guidance in all aspects of the contractors' site operations. | ||
| Consultancy Services for Training Programme for Improved Performance of Surface Treatments in Ethiopia | Final Project Report | Roughton International | 2012 | The deliverables produced under this project include: • Development of a modular course on surface treatments covering the principles, design, quality assurance and construction of surface treatments. • Production of training course materials including presentations, handouts, notes, practical examples and examinations as part of the three one week courses. These materials are also to be used by the Alemgena Training Centre during subsequent training events. • Production of a Best Practice Manual for Ethiopia that gives guidance on the design, construction, testing, pricing and maintenance of surface treatments, tailored to Ethiopian conditions. Purpose of this Report The main purpose of this Report is to summarise the outcomes of the project and to report on the most significant aspects of the training courses, including training modules in the classroom, on site and in the laboratory. | ||
| Analysis of Performance of Previous Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Monthly Progress Report No 1 | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2012 | This report covers the work carried out in the month of October. | |
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low-Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Assosa – Kurmuk Laterite Base Trials: Baseline Monitoring Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Greening, P. | 2012 | The behaviour of Laterites varies significantly from other natural materials of high plasticity. The plasticity of laterite contributes significantly to strength upon drying back by acting as “cement” to the nodules. The site on Assosa-Kurmuk road was constructed to demonstrate this principle as well as to investigate the influence of sealed or unsealed shoulders on wheel path moisture and strength both in cut and fill. The results from long term monitoring should provide information that can update current practice in the use of neat natural bases as well as on the use of sealed and unsealed shoulders. | |
| doc | Rural Transport Services for Older People in Kibaha District, Tanzania: | Report of Project Findings | HelpAge | 2012 | Summary: This report presents background material and a full review of project findings on rural transport services for older people in Kibaha district Tanzania, with specific reference to: a) current access to health services b) livelihood implications of poor access to health and other services c) broader implications for national rural transport services. Transport is a major hurdle for many older people in the 10 study settlements in rural Kibaha district – most particularly for their daily domestic water and fuel needs, but also for their access to health services and improved livelihoods. The rapid spread of motorcycle taxi services has effected a transport revolution over the last few years, particularly in the nine off-road settlements [and especially where they operate in conjunction with mobile phones]. In the absence of alternatives motorcycle-taxis [boda-boda] have brought improved mobility – at least in emergency contexts – even for very old people, despite the high fares. However, many older people find travel by boda-boda a dangerous and frightening experience. It is important to explore if/how these vehicles might be adapted to make them safer and more comfortable for older people, and to examine feasible alternatives, especially in the context of travel of sick older people to health centres. | |
| 2nd AFCAP Practitioners Conference | Maputo, Mozambique: 3rd - 5th July 2012 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2012 | Conference Report, Papers and list of attendees. | ||
| Técnicas de Caracterização Simplificada para Materiais de Base (Sub) Tropical e Modelação | Alemgena, A. | 2012 | A maior parte dos pavimentos em países desenvolvidos são concebidos com base em propriedades indexadas de materiais, referentes a uma tabela de projecto única, restringindo a integração de materiais marginais e novos para os quais não se encontram disponíveis dados de propriedades indexadas. Para promover a introdução de materiais marginais abundantes na natureza, assim como de materiais de bases e sub-bases rodoviárias na construção de estradas nesses países; pode ser usado para efeitos de projecto o comportamento mecânico do material granular. As propriedades mecânicas destes materiais podem ser obtidas a partir de uma técnica de caracterização de CBR (RL-CBR) da carga repetida simplificada. Foi realizada uma caracterização de CBR da carga repetida extensiva em materiais granulares de base e sub-base (sub) tropical. Tem sido experimentada uma análise do método de elemento finito para efeitos da modelação de CBR da carga repetida, de que resulta um módulo de resiliência equivalente do material de amostra. Além disso, foi realizado um teste triaxial cíclico para validar o resultado de CBR da carga repetida. Através da técnica de caracterização CBR da carga repetida, não só é melhorada a acessibilidade prática da caracterização do comportamento mecânico de materiais granulares desagregados, como também o efeito do teor de humidade e do grau de compactação sobre estes comportamentos é bem demonstrado. | |||
| Techniques de caractérisation simplifiées (sub) tropicales des matériaux de base et de modélisation | Alemgena, A. | 2012 | La plupart des chaussées dans les pays en développement sont conçues sur la base d'un indice des propriétés des matériaux associé à un diagramme de conception unique, restreignant l'incorporation de matériaux marginaux ou nouveaux pour lesquels les ensembles de données de l'indice ne sont pas disponibles. Afin de promouvoir l'introduction de matériaux naturellement abondants comme matériaux de base, de même que de matériaux recyclés comme soubassement dans la construction de la route dans ces pays, on utilisera pour la conception le comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires. Les propriétés mécaniques de ces matériaux peuvent être obtenues a partir d'une technique de caractérisation simplifiée de CBR (RL-CBR) de charge répétée. La caractérisation étendue d'une charge répétée CBR a été réalisée sur une base (sub) tropicale et un soubassement en matériaux granulaires. La méthode d'analyse des éléments finis a été tentée dans le but de modéliser la charge répétée CBR et la dérive d'un module résilient équivalent à l'échantillon. En outre un essai triaxial cyclique a été réalisé pour valider le résultat de la charge répétée CBR. Avec la technique de caractérisation CBR charge répétée non seulement l'accessibilité pratique de la caractérisation du comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires non consolidés est renforcée, mais encore l'effet de l'humidité et le degré de compactage sur ces comportements est bien démontré. | |||
| Preparation of a Design Manual for Low Volume Roads in South Sudan | 3rd TWG Meeting and Workshop | UNOPS | 2012 | In line with the key programme stages identified in the Inception Report this document presents a summary of the 3rd TWG Meeting/Workshop and associated discussions held at Juba on 9th October 2012; Table 1. This document will enable members of the Technical Working Group (TWG) and other key stakeholders to review progress; comment on the prosed SSLVR Manual; and to suggest amendments and additional inclusions. Chapter 2 outlines the workshop proceedings; Chapter 3 presents the key discussion points and Chapter 4 presents a summary and key recommendations. Appendix A presents a list of the participants of the workshop and Appendix B contains the presentations made. | ||
| Back Analysis of Previous Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Draft Project Inception Report | TRL Ltd. | 2012 | To be provided | ||
| Rural Transport Service Indicators | Tanzania Country Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Willilo, S. et al. | 2012 | This is the Tanzania country report of the AFCAP-funded project to develop indicators to 'measure' the adequacy of rural transport services (RTS) for meeting the access needs of rural people. Based on the research framework and the methodology developed, information was collected from a range of users (balanced for gender) along the three surveyed roads. The surveyed roads were Bagamoyo– Mlandizi (40km), Bago–Talawanda (20km) and Nala–Mindora (35km). The first two roads are located in Bagamoyo district in the Coastal region while the last road is located in Dodoma region. Interviews were held with people who have used transport services in relation to agriculture, health, education and economic activities. Elderly and disabled people and those responsible for children were interviewed to learn of their particular transport issues. For each type of transport used, people were asked about prices, frequencies, predictability, reliability, convenience, capacity, seasonality, safety, security, accessibility, comfort and connectivity. The cost and convenience of transporting small (20-50 kg) and medium (200 kg) freight was ascertained from users. | |
| Training Programme for Improved Performance of Surface Treatments in Ethiopia | Accreditation Report | Roughton International | 2012 | The use of thin bituminous surfacings on paved roads is declining in Ethiopia in favour of asphalt concrete. This is due to lack of confidence in the road construction industry in the use of thin surfacings, and problems with specifications and quality control. Asphalt concrete is an unnecessarily expensive surfacing for lower traffic roads, where a thin bituminous surfacing is sufficient to resist traffic abrasion and protect the road pavement. In order to solve this problem, a series of one-week training courses were implemented with the intention of reviving skills in the design, construction and maintenance of thin bituminous surfacings. Three groups of practitioners were involved in the training courses: operators and foremen, technicians and engineers. The training was carried out at the Ethiopian Road Authority's Alemgena Training and Testing Centre (ATTC) near Addis Ababa. | ||
| doc | Rural Transport Services for Older People in Kibaha District, Tanzania | Report of Project Findings | Durham University, UK; HelpAge; Policy Research for Development, REPOA, Tanzania | Porter, R etal | 2012 | Summary: This report presents background material and a full review of project findings on rural transport services for older people in Kibaha district Tanzania, with specific reference to: a) current access to health services b) livelihood implications of poor access to health and other services c) broader implications for national rural transport services. Transport is a major hurdle for many older people in the 10 study settlements in rural Kibaha district – most particularly for their daily domestic water and fuel needs, but also for their access to health services and improved livelihoods. The rapid spread of motorcycle taxi services has effected a transport revolution over the last few years, particularly in the nine off-road settlements [and especially where they operate in conjunction with mobile phones]. In the absence of alternatives motorcycle-taxis [boda-boda] have brought improved mobility – at least in emergency contexts – even for very old people, despite the high fares. However, many older people find travel by boda-boda a dangerous and frightening experience. It is important to explore if/how these vehicles might be adapted to make them safer and more comfortable for older people, and to examine feasible alternatives, especially in the context of travel of sick older people to health centres. Attention also needs to be given to intra-village water and fuel transport for domestic purposes and the means by which this can be improved, so that older people are able to reduce their carrying burden and, should they wish, devote more effort to their farms. Water and fuel loads currently present a major transport burden for the younger cohort of older people [those in their 60s and 70s] and carrying is associated particularly with waist/back pain. Reduced domestic loads could raise farm productivity with consequent improvements in food availability. This would have beneficial impacts on health not only for older people but also for the many grandchildren and other young people currently in their care. |
| Targeted Interventions for Low Volume Roads in Mozambique | Monitoring Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2012 | This report presents some interim findings from the monitoring data collected at intervals to measure the performance of the sites constructed under the second phase of the AFCAP project in Mozambique. A preliminary discussion is made under each parameter sub-heading of the performance of each trial site. A more detailed analysis of the monitoring data will be provided once the final monitoring period has been completed in February 2013. Final recommendations will be made in the Final Report in consideration of these results and those to be obtained from the AFCAP project “Analysis of Performance of Previous Low Volume Rural Roads (AFCAP/MOZ/001/G)”. | |
| The Rural Transport Infrastructure and Marketing Linkage | within the Context of the Sub-Regional Zambia-Malawi-Mozambique Growth Triangle | Kingombe, C. | 2012 | Overview •This paper investigates how the reductions in the cost of movement has affected economic activities in Zambia's Chipata and Lundazi districts. •The aim is to evaluate the long-term direct benefits of the EPFRP carried out from 1996 to 2001 by investigating whether the accessibility improvements have translated into increased marketing activities. •The identification strategy relies on discrete choice Logit model approach using data from our own firm level survey. •We find at the district level that the improved accessibility from the rural road improvements could have contributed to: – Small-scale private companies being more likely to have moved into these two districts –‘small-scale private companies' engaged in ‘agricultural marketing' had made a positive relocation decision. | ||
| Pavement Design Manual Volume II: Rigid Pavements | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2013 | provide a standardized approach for the design, construction and maintenance of roads in the country. Due to technological development and change, these manuals require periodic updating. This current version of the manual has particular reference to the prevailing conditions in Ethiopia and reflects the experience gained through activities within the road sector during the last 10 years. Completion of the review and updating of the manuals was undertaken in close consultation with the federal and regional roads authorities and the stakeholders in the road sector including contracting and consulting industry. Most importantly, in supporting the preparation of the documents, a series of thematic peer review panels were established that comprised local experts from the public and private sector who provided guidance and review for the project team. | |||
| Pavement Design Manual Volume I: Flexible Pavements | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2013 | In 2002, the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) first brought out road design manuals to provide a standardized approach for the design, construction and maintenance of roads in the country. Due to technological development and change, these manuals require periodic updating. This current version of the manual has particular reference to the prevailing conditions in Ethiopia and reflects the experience gained through activities within the road sector during the last 10 years. Completion of the review and updating of the manuals was undertaken in close consultation with the federal and regional roads authorities and the stakeholders in the road sector including contracting and consulting industry. Most importantly, in supporting the preparation of the ocuments, a series of thematic peer review panels were established that comprised local experts from the public and private sector who provided guidance and review for the project team. | |||
| Institucionalización del Conocimiento sobre el Transporte Rural y la Capacidad de Investigación en el África subsahariana | Sampson, L. | 2014 | A pesar de los limitados recursos y la disminución de los mismos desde la década de 1980 (recursos financieros, humanos y de capital), se han desarrollado numerosos e importantes proyectos de investigación financiados por programas como el Programa para el Acceso a las Comunidades Africanas (AFCAP, por sus siglas en inglés), otros organismos donantes y presupuestos nacionales con el fin de potenciar la base de conocimiento específico sobre África para la provisión de una infraestructura de carreteras y los servicios de transporte relacionados, en particular en zonas rurales. El problema radica en que el valioso conocimiento generado por los distintos proyectos está fragmentado y descoordinado. Además, se encuentra en distintas organizaciones (incluyendo organismos de donantes) y en distintos países del África subsahariana así como otros países. | |||
| Practitioner Conference Newsletter | September 2012 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2012 | The Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) annual practitioner conference in Maputo, Mozambique provided insights into the latest developments in roads and transport research. Some 150 delegates from 18 mainly African countries attended the event from 3-5 July 2012, hosted by the Mozambique National Roads Administration, including officials and engineers in roads maintenance. Speakers, including engineers, trainers and other road experts, delivered presentations on engineering topics such as road materials, construction and maintenance techniques as well as how far transport services meet the needs of local communities and the socio-economic impacts of past road projects. This newsletter highlights a selection of the presentations. | ||
| Institucionalizar o Conhecimento do Transporte Rural e a Capacidade de Investigação na África Subsaariana | Sampson, L. | 2014 | Apesar dos recursos limitados e do seu decréscimo a partir da década de 1980 (financeiros, humanos e de capital), têm existido muitos projectos de investigação importantes financiados por programas como o Programa Africano de Acesso Comunitário (AFCAP - Africa Community Access Programme), por outras entidades doadoras e por orçamentos nacionais, promovidos para desenvolver a base do conhecimento específico de África para o fornecimento de infra-estruturas rodoviárias e os serviços de transporte associados, especialmente em zonas rurais. O problema é que o valioso conhecimento gerado a partir dos diversos projectos é fragmentado e descoordenado; e encontra-se radicado em diversas organizações (incluindo entidades doadoras) em diferentes países através da África subsaariana e não só. | |||
| Transporte y restricciones de movilidad en una población en envejecimiento: implicaciones relacionadas con la salud y el sustento en zonas rurales de Tanzania | Porter, R. | 2014 | Este documento ofrece un análisis excepcional de la movilidad de la población de edad avanzada en el contexto de un país en vías de desarrollo. Presenta las conclusiones de un estudio reciente con métodos mixtos sobre el transporte y las restricciones de movilidad que sufren las personas de edad más avanzada en 10 emplazamientos del distrito de Kibaha, Tanzania, y se centra, en particular, en las interconexiones entre el transporte, la salud y el sustento. El estudio demuestra cómo la salud, el sustento y el acceso a los transportes para las personas de edad más avanzadas están interconectados, así como la creciente importancia de los servicios de moto taxis para la conectividad rural y cómo la relación entre las personas de edad más avanzada y las generaciones más jóvenes contribuyen a marcar las pautas de movilidad. | |||
| Institutionnaliser la connaissance des transports ruraux et les capacités de recherche en Afrique subsaharienne | Sampson, L. | 2014 | En dépit de ressources limitées et en déclin depuis les années 1980 (financières, humaines et en capital), il y a eu plusieurs projets importants, financés par des programmes comme le Programme Africain d'accès communautaire (AFCAP), d'autres bailleurs de fonds et les budgets nationaux. Ces projets ont été entrepris pour faire progresser la base des connaissances spécifiques à l'Afrique pour la fourniture de l'infrastructure routière et les services de transport connexes, en particulier dans les zones rurales. Le problème réside dans le fait que les précieuses connaissances générées par les différents projets sont fragmentées et non coordonnées ; celles-ci sont éclatées entre différentes organisations (y compris des bailleurs de fonds), dans différents pays dans toute l'Afrique subsaharienne et au-delà. | |||
| Constrangimentos de transporte e mobilidade numa população envelhecida: implicações para a saúde e a subsistência na Tanzânia rural | Porter, R. | 2014 | Este documento oferece um exame raro à mobilidade das pessoas mais velhas no contexto de um país em vias de desenvolvimento. Apresenta conclusões de um recente estudo de métodos mistos sobre os constrangimentos de transporte e mobilidade enfrentados pelas pessoas mais velhas em 10 localidades do distrito de Kibaha, na Tanzânia, preocupando-se, em particular, com as interligações entre o transporte, a saúde e os meios de subsistência. O estudo demonstra as diversas formas como a saúde, os meios de subsistência e o acesso ao transporte das pessoas mais velhas estão interligados, a crescente importância dos serviços de táxi em motociclos para as ligações rurais, e como o relacionamento entre as pessoas mais velhas e as gerações mais jovens contribui para a formação de padrões de mobilidade. | |||
| Contraintes de transport et de mobilité dans une population vieillissante : implications en matière de santé et de moyens de subsistance en Tanzanie | Porter, R. | 2014 | Cet article propose un examen rare de la mobilité des personnes âgées dans le contexte d'un pays en développement. Il présente les résultats d'une étude récente, à méthodologie mixte, du transport et des contraintes de mobilité rencontrées par les personnes âgées dans 10 villages du district de Kibaha, Tanzanie et vise, en particulier, l'interconnexion des moyens de transport, la santé et les moyens de subsistance. L'étude illustre les diverses façons dont la santé des personnes âgées, leurs moyens de subsistance et l'accès aux transports sont liés entre eux, l'importance croissante des services de taxi à moto pour assurer la connectivité rurale et de quelle manière les relations entre personnes âgées et jeunes générations contribuent à l'élaboration de modèles de mobilité. | |||
| Maternal Mortality in Eastern Zambia: Accessing Healthcare for Delivery and Obstetric Emergencies | Durham University, UK | Orcutt, M. | 2012 | Improving maternal health and survival remains the most elusive of the Millennium Development Goals and the global disparities in maternal mortality are vast, with lifetime risks still in excess of 1 in 10 throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. The ‘three delays model', developed by Thaddeus and Maine (1994), identifies delays in recognising need for care, reaching a care facility and receiving care at the facility as crucial obstacles to improving maternal health outcomes. A new motorcycle ambulance-trailer transport intervention being introduced in Eastern Zambia seeks to address the second delay by improving access to emergency obstetric facilities and clinics. | ||
| El potencial de los cruces con diques de arena | Excellent Development | Neal, I. | 2014 | En numerosas regiones africanas de tierra árida, se construyen acueductos en los puntos de cruces de ríos de carreteras rurales de bajo volumen. A menudo, la capacidad de los acueductos es inadecuada para albergar el nivel máximo en crecidas y, a lo largo del tiempo, la sedimentación reduce aún más esta capacidad. Como resultado, los acueductos se encuentran en una situación vulnerable, con el riesgo de ser deslavados. Los diques de arena con un badén suponen una alternativa a los acueductos y a menudo conllevan beneficios significativos. Los diques de arena diseñados correctamente son capaces de soportar los flujos de las inundaciones y son una alternativa sólida y efectiva en términos de costes. Entre los beneficios adicionales, los diques de arena recargan el acuífero, reducen los riesgos de inundaciones río abajo y proporcionan un suministro de agua fiable y para todo el año en áreas con escasez de agua. Este documento presenta un estudio de caso de Kenia, donde un dique de arena actúa como un cruce de carreteras y una fuente de conductos de agua. El documento describe los principios sobre el emplazamiento, el diseño y la construcción de cruces de carreteras con diques de arena, en los casos en que este enfoque sea apropiado, así como las barreras y los facilitadores para una adopción más amplia. | ||
| O potencial dos atravessamentos rodoviários de barragens de areia | Excellent Development | Neal, I. | 2014 | Em muitas regiões secas de África, constroem-se aquedutos por baixo de estradas rurais que atravessam rios com baixo caudal. A capacidade dos aquedutos é muitas vezes inadequada para conter as inundações de pico e, ao longo do tempo, a sedimentação reduz ainda mais esta capacidade. Consequentemente, os aquedutos estão sujeitos a serem levados pelas águas. As barragens de areia que integram um vau são uma alternativa aos aquedutos e proporcionam benefícios significativos. As barragens de areia correctamente projectadas controlam os fluxos das inundações e são uma alternativa robusta e com uma boa relação custo-benefício. Entre os benefícios adicionais, as barragens de areia recarregam o aquífero, reduzem os riscos de inundação a jusante e proporcionam um abastecimento de água ao longo do ano em zonas caracterizadas pela escassez de água. Este documento apresenta um estudo de caso no Quénia, em que uma barragem de areia funciona como atravessamento rodoviário e como fonte de uma conduta de abastecimento de água. O documento descreve os princípios para a localização, concepção e construção de atravessamentos rodoviários de barragens de areia, os locais em que esta abordagem é apropriada e quais as barreiras e os facilitadores para a sua adopção mais ampla. | ||
| Le potentiel des franchissements routiers de barrages de sable | Excellent Development | Neal, I. | 2014 | Dans de nombreuses régions sèches en Afrique, les caniveaux sont construits sous des routes rurales à faible circulation là où elles traversent une rivière. La capacité des caniveaux est souvent insuffisante pour répondre aux pics d'inondation et, avec le temps, la sédimentation réduit cette capacité plus encore. En conséquence, les caniveaux sont susceptibles d'être emportés. Les barrages de sable comprenant un gué sont une alternative aux caniveaux et offrent des avantages importants. Des barrages de sable correctement conçus gèrent les flux d'inondation et constituent une alternative robuste et rentable. Entre autres avantages supplémentaires, les barrages de sable rechargent l'aquifère, réduisent les risques d'inondation en aval et fournissent un approvisionnement en eau fiable, toute l'année, dans des environnements dans lesquels l'eau est rare. Cet article documente une étude de cas faite au Kenya, où un barrage de sable constitue tout à la fois un franchissement routier et la source d'une canalisation d'eau. Le document décrit les principes d'implantation, la conception et la construction des franchissements routiers de barrages de sable, lorsque cette approche est appropriée, ainsi que les obstacles comme les facteurs propices à une adoption plus large. | ||
| Road traffic injuries: the facts | World Health Organisation (WHO) | 2013 | World statistics on road traffic accidents and injuries. | |||
| Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013 | Supporting a Decade of Action | World Health Organisation (WHO) | 2013 | Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death for young people aged 15–29 (1, 2). More than a million people die each year on the world's roads, and the cost of dealing with the consequences of these road traffic crashes runs to billions of dollars (3). Current trends suggest that by 2030 road traffic deaths will become the fifth leading cause of death unless urgent action is taken (2). Strategies exist that are proven to reduce road traffic injuries and a number of countries have successfully used these strategies to reduce their road traffic deaths. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank launched the World report on road traffic injury prevention (4). The World report provides extensive information on leading risk factors for road traffic injuries and evidence on effective interventions, and makes recommendations to countries on how to improve national road safety. | ||
| Monitoring Programme in Lao PDR (SEACAP 17) | Monitoring Report | Roughton International | 2013 | The South East Asia Community Access Programme 17 (SEACAP 17) aimed to identify cost-effective, community orientated approaches for improving year-round access to remote rural areas through a low-cost and local resource based approach in Lao PDR. In 2007, trial pavement sections, constructed from concrete, bituminous seals, stone and gravel, were constructed on seven low volume rural roads (LVRR) near the regional capital of Bokeo Province, Houay Xai. The roads were monitored after construction in 2007 and once more in 2009, however, after this point no funding was available to continue the monitoring work and there was a risk of valuable knowledge being lost. In 2012, the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) funded a monitoring visit which took place in October 2012. The objective was to assess performance of these trial sections, after having been trafficked for 5 years, so the information could be used to supplement knowledge being gathered on similar projects in Africa - most notably the AFCAP projects in Bagomoyo and Siha Districts of Tanzania. This report outlines the main findings from the monitoring process in Lao and makes some recommendations based on these findings, particularly in relation to pavement choice for LVRR, for use on future projects. | ||
| Best Practice Manual for Thin Bituminous Surfacings | Ethiopian Roads Authority | 2013 | The use of asphalt concrete surfacing instead of thin seals has led to increased cost of construction for our rural roads. This trend needs to be reversed in order for us to maximise the use of the resources we have available in the road sector in order to bring the maximum benefits to the rural population. As a result we have begun implementing a skills enhancement training programme for local surface treatment practitioners. We have also produced this manual, which provides state-of-the-art guidance on the interpretation of standards, surface treatment selection, the design of thin seals, and their construction and maintenance in Ethiopia. | |||
| Design Manual for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Ministry of Transport and Public Works, Malawi | 2013 | The Manual serves as a standard reference and source of good practice for the design and construction of low volume sealed roads. The aim of the Manual is to provide all practitioners with comprehensive guidance on the wide range of factors that need to be addressed in a holistic manner when undertaking the upgrading of unpaved roads to a paved standard. | |||
| Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania | Final Report | Cardno IT Transport | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2013 | This is the final report of the AFCAP Study into Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads in Tanzania. The Study was carried out between February 2010 and December 2012. The main objectives of the Study were directed towards developing appropriate methods of organising and implementing the maintenance of district roads by gaining a greater understanding of the nature of existing maintenance systems and developing more efficient and effective maintenance operations on district roads in Tanzania. The study was carried out in three districts in Dodoma Region - Mpwapwa, Bahi and Dodoma Municipal. It was found that a major limitation of the existing method of district road maintenance was that this was carried out by means of short single contracts rather than longer-term continuous operations. Therefore, the following three alternative contracting systems were tested: i) Area based long-term framework contracts (Bahi and Mpwapwa), ii) Performance based management and maintenance of roads (PMMR) contracts, (Dodoma Municipal), and iii) Community contracts (Mpwapwa). Two rounds of framework contracts were tested in Bahi District. The first were carried out between January and October 2011 and the second between February and October 2012. For each round, three area-based framework contracts were awarded covering the whole district. Tendering and procurement delays at the Council level were a feature of the implementation in this district as in the other districts. This is the reason that the contracts commenced relatively late in the financial year1. However, the results of the implementation were good and the District Engineer's Office noted the main advantages as: • Reduced time and effort in contract preparation due to fewer contracts; • Flexibility in directing which activities the contractor should carry out. | |
| Road Traffic Injury on Rural Roads in Tanzania | Implementation of the Road Safety Programme for the Bago to Talawanda Road | Amend | Bishop, T.;Jinadasa, D.;Palfreman, J. | 2013 | This report details the implementation of the road safety programme for the Bago to Talawanda road. As well as providing information on each of the measures carried out during the programme, it also presents results of an evaluation of the usage and retention of the materials distributed and knowledge taught during the programme, three months later. | |
| Supply and Pricing Strategies of Informal Rural Transport Providers | Final Report | University of Pretoria, South Africa | Venter, C.;Molomo, M.;Mashiri, M. | 2013 | This study was aimed at developing an evidence-based understanding of the factors determining the service and pricing patterns of informal public transport operations in rural areas of South Africa. The informal modes include minibus-taxi services, as well as supplementary services operated with pickup trucks (“bakkies”) and smaller sedan taxis (“4+1s”). We examine three rural districts as case studies, using a mix of quantitative service data collection, regression analysis, and informant interviews. The ultimate objective was to strengthen government decision making around the planning, regulation, and promotion of rural public transport services, with a view to promoting rural mobility in Africa. The final deliverables take the form of three documents: this final report detailing process and outcomes; a student's Master's thesis; and an academic paper highlighting the main approach and findings. The three documents should be read together. The findings largely confirm previous research on the factors driving transport supply in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, but adds significant new insights that can help shape more effective responses to the rural mobility challenge. A key determinant of the quantity and quality of service is the condition of roads (both paved and unpaved), suggesting that judicious infrastructure investment can be used to leverage better and more affordable private sector responses. We also describe the emergence of a differentiated service hierarchy involving a greater variety of vehicle types suited to different operating conditions, and based on intentional coordination among operators of minibus and bakkie services. | |
| Linking Rural Communities with Health Services | Assessing the Effectiveness of the Ambulance Services in Meeting the Needs of Rural Communities in West Africa | TRANSAID | 2013 | It is increasingly accepted in our understanding of maternal healthcare in Africa that poor physical access is reducing the effectiveness of measures to reduce maternal mortality. This project developed an evaluation framework that combined transport measures with health condition assessment methods of the Vital Signs approach and the Glasgow Coma Score to assess differences in patient condition when being referred from local health centres to higher-level referral facilities. Surveys were undertaken of 704 women from 40 communities across Katsina State, Northern Nigeria. It was found that whilst the majority took 1-2 hours between being referred and arriving at the referral facility many took up-to 7 hours. Whilst using the Glasgow Coma Score, the study found no statistical relationship between health condition and how a patient arrived at the referral facility or how long it took to arrive. However, using the Vital Signs approach, statistical associations were found between a number of vital signs and how women arrived at the referral facility and how long it took to be referred. As a result, improvements to how women travel to referral facility and the time referral takes can have positive impacts on the severity of patients managed by referral facilities. Efforts by a range of countries across West Africa to establish widespread ambulance provision may be effective in contributing to reducing maternal mortality. This study shows they may have a positive impact on the skills, resources and equipment emergency obstetric care facilities needed to reduce maternal mortality. | ||
| Use of Road Works to Enhance Community Water Supplies in Mozambique | Final Design Report | Stange Consult | 2013 | Many rural communities in Mozambique have poor access to water, particularly in the dry season. The task of walking long distances to collect water is often left to women and children. Experience in Mozambique has shown that road works can be used to enhance community water supplies. The purpose of the overall project is to undertake research on using road works to enhance community water supplies on a larger scale in Mozambique. | ||
| Back Analysis of Previous Constructed Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Dangare, F.;Otto, A. | 2013 | This is the Final Report for the Back Analysis Project. The report provides information on the activities carried out and the data that was collected during the execution of the project. The report gives a brief on the preliminary activities and the reconnaissance surveys carried out during the early stages of the project. More details of these early stages are given in the Inception Report. The report also gives a detailed account of the field surveys particularly the data that was collected from the measurements carried out in the field and the materials tests results. Finally, the report provides results of the analysis and the recommendations and conclusions from the results of the analysis | |
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low-Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Combolcha Otta Seal Demonstration Site: Construction Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2013 | Combolcha Otta Seal demonstration site is the second site to be constructed in Ethiopia after Combel in Tulubolo. This site features Otta Seal on both a primed and un-primed road bases. Two sections on this demonstration site will feature Double Otta Seal while another two sections will feature Otta Seal with a Sand Cover Seal. This report describes the construction of the first seal. This project was funded by the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) which promotes safe and sustainable access to markets, healthcare, education, employment and social and political networks for rural communities in Africa. Launched in June 2008 and managed by Crown Agents, the five year-long, UK government (DFID) funded project, supports research and knowledge sharing between participating countries to enhance the uptake of low cost, proven solutions for rural access that maximise the use of local resources. | |
| Updating of Manual of Work Norms and Specifications for Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Literature Review | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K.;Rolt, J. | 2013 | This report covers the Inception Phase of the Updating of the Mozambique Low Volume Roads Manual, the Normas de Execucao. The Inception Phase of the project included the setting up of the project teams, the Technical Steering Committee and the literature review. A launch meeting was carried out on the 30th of October 2013 and through it benchmarks for the project activities and milestones were set out. The literature review has been completed and the report gives details of the findings of the literature survey paving the way for the commencement of the drafting process for the manual. | |
| Low Volume Roads Design Manual | Ministry of Roads and Bridges, South Sudan | 2013 | Low Volume Roads (LVR) typically carry less than 300 vehicles per day and less than 1 million esa loading during their design life. They provide important links from homes, villages and farms to markets and offer the public access to health, education and other essential services. These roads also provide important links between village community centres and the State and National road network. Many aspects of the design and construction of roads in South Sudan have stemmed from technologies and practices emanating from research and experience in Europe and the USA some 40 years ago. These practices have to some extent been modified in the intervening years, but the basic philosophy of road provision has remained the same. While these “standard” approaches might still be appropriate for much of the main trunk and strategic road network, they remain overly conservative, inappropriate and far too costly for application on much of the country's rural road network. In facing the major challenges of improving and expanding South Sudan's low volume rural road network, application of the previously accepted “traditional” planning, design, construction and maintenance approaches cannot provide the solution. | |||
| Preparatory Activities for Transformation of the MTRD to a Transport Research Centre | Inception Report | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2013 | AFCAP has been asked by the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) of the newly formed Transport and Infrastructure Ministry to support the further development of the framework for their transformation to a Transport Research Centre; and priority activities based on their mandate and the Strategic Plan, prepared under AFCAP/KEN/089G activities. This project is an extension to that work and is referred to as PHASE 1. | ||
| Preparation of a Route Selection Manual for the Ethiopian Roads Authority | Final Report | URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited | 2013 | This report summarises the activities undertaken on AFCAP Project AFCAP/ETH/005/V Preparation of a Route Selection Manual for the Ethiopian Roads Authority. The contract was signed between Crown Agents and URS on 15 March 2012 and is completed upon the submission of this report. With road construction taking place rapidly in Ethiopia and with the provision of road access featuring high in future development planning in the country, the need for such a manual was recognised by the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and it was requested that it form part of the sequence of manuals updated under AFCAP. This report summarises the work undertaken to develop the Route Selection Manual. As indicated above, the preparation of a Route Selection Manual forms part of the sequence of ERA manuals and is the first time such a manual has been prepared in Ethiopia. In fact, the Consultant was unable to find any examples outside Ethiopia where a similarly scoped document has been prepared. Consequently, this manual will not only be important for future practice in Ethiopia, but may well be of interest to other road authorities, both in Africa and elsewhere. | ||
| Review of Design Standards and Maintenance Guidelines for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Inception Report | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2013 | AFCAP engaged I.T.Transport Limited (UK) to carry out an independent review of the Ethiopian Low Volume Roads Design Manuals and Bidding Documents issued by ERA in 2011. This Inception Report provides a record of the preliminary meetings and discussions including the agreed decisions and clarifications. The Consultants Team comprises Gary Taylor and Dr Alemgena Araya. Gary Taylor arrived in Ethiopia on Monday 12th August and is scheduled to depart from Ethiopia on 30th August 2013. At a kick-off meeting held on 13th August 2013, it was clarified that the objectives of this assignment were to focus on who was using the Manuals, how they were being used and any problems found during their use. It was also clarified that any amendments required to the manuals would be made by the original authors in a follow up assignment funded by AFCAP. During the kick-off meeting (see Annex 2) and in subsequent discussions a programme for visits to the Regions was agreed (see Annex 4). These visits will take place between 15th and 26th August 2013. The regions visited will be Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and SNNP. Based on the preliminary discussions a revised work programme has been prepared (See Section 3.2). A Debriefing meeting will be held on Thursday 29th august at ERA offices during which the Consultant's main findings and recommendations will be presented. Based on this and the comments received in the Debriefing Meeting, a draft Final Report will be produced by 6th September 2013. The Consultants will prepare a final report within one week of receipt of comments on the Draft Final Report. | ||
| doc | Le Rôle des Transports dans les États Fragiles et Affligés de Conflits en Afrique sub-Saharienne | Tanzarn, N. | 2013 | 1. L'objectif de cette recherche était d'établir comment services et infrastructures de transport peuvent aider à rebâtir les économies dans les pays post-conflit et réduire la vulnérabilité à futurs conflits. La recherche a exploré les questions suivantes: a. Quel est l'impact des conflits sur les infrastructures de transport et de services de transport? b. Quel est le rôle des transports en permettant aux conflits et à l'atténuation contre son impact? c. Quelles sont les implications des transports inadéquats [l'infrastructure et services] sur le développement social et la croissance économique dans les zones fragiles et touchées par le conflit? d. Quel est le rôle des téléphones portables en liaison avec les services de transport en soutenant les efforts de secours, transferts de fonds d'urgence ainsi que conscience du conflit, évaluation et résolution? e. Quelle est la contribution potentielle des solutions de transport à la prévention et la résolution des conflits? 2. La recherche comprenait des consultations de niveau nationales à Kinshasa avec une visite à Bukavu, une des provinces dans l'Est du Congo, qui a été touchée par un conflit au cours des dix dernières années. 3. La recherche a employé des méthodes qualitatives de collecte des données. Ils comprenaient: i] des consultations de style atelier; ii] entretiens approfondis avec des informateurs clés; iii] observation; et iv] groupes de discussion avec les membres de la communauté [féminins et masculins]. En plus une table ronde a été réalisée avec les décideurs clés et des partenaires au développement dans le secteur des transports. | ||
| Feasibility Study of Options for Long Term Knowledge Sharing and Management | Needs Assessment Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Samhungu, F.;Fernando, P.;Starkey, P. | 2013 | This is a needs assessment report of the demand for and access to knowledge in rural transport carried out on behalf of the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) by a team of International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) consultants consisting of Paul Starkey, Priyanthi Fernando and Farai Samhungu. The Terms of Reference for this study are provided in Annex 1. This study aims to identify the most appropriate method of storing and more importantly sharing and disseminating the research findings and knowledge generated in the sector. The IFRTD team submitted their inception report in January 2013 (Starkey, Samhungu and Fernando, 2013). As a preparation to the main theme of the final report (the storing and dissemination of knowledge within the sector) the team was expected to carry out a needs assessment survey. The team's Inception Report contained proposals for the survey to provide the information required for the needs assessment report. In early February 2013, the survey was made available on line, through the Survey Monkey website. An email version (prepared in Microsoft Word) was also available for those without good on-line access. The word version of the survey is attached here in Annex 2. The survey was publicised through email alerts sent out by AFCAP, by IFRTD and by the International Road Federation (IRF) that hosts the gTKP: Global Transport Knowledge Practice (was Partnership), the legacy of a DFID-funded initiative. This on-line survey received a total of 74 online responses from Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, North and South America. About half (47%) of the respondents were from Africa with the majority being from Nigeria and South Africa. Of the 20% of respondents in Asia, India had the highest number of participants. | |
| Improving Access to Emergency Health Facilities in Rural Areas | Social Science study of attitudes to attendance at maternity healthcare facilities | Developing Technologies | Orcutt, M. | 2013 | Developing Technologies (DT is implementing a project within AFCAP to promote affordable access to emergency health services in rural areas. The project is running trials of a low-cost ambulance, a motorcycle ambulance-trailer (MAT), to determine its effectiveness in providing an emergency transport service. The project is being implemented in Lundazi District in the Eastern Province of Zambia by DT's partner, the Disacare Wheelchair Centre (DWC) in collaboration with the Lundazi Health Authority (LHA). Two MAT are being tested – MAT 1 based at Mwase-Lundazi clinic and MAT 2 based at Kanyanga clinic. The project started in June 2011 and an inception report on setting it up was submitted in January 2012. This social study on peoples' attitudes to attendance at health facilities and use of emergency transport was carried out in June/July 2012 by Miriam Orcutt, an M Sc student in medical anthropology at Durham University. The study comprised group and individual interviews in 6 villages in the Lundazi district with both women and men. A summary of the very useful findings from the report which mainly relate to maternity patients is given in Table 1 and below. The full report is attached to this summary. | |
| docx | Transport Services and Their Impact on Poverty and Growth in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa | Durham University, UK | Porter, R. | 2013 | This overview paper considers transport services and their impact on poverty and growth in rural sub-Saharan Africa. It builds on a substantial preliminary literature review [Annex1], associated communication with Africa-, UK- and US-based researchers active in transport services-related research, discussions during three AFCAP-sponsored sessions held during the biennial conference of the African Studies Association at the University of Leeds in early September 2012, a further meeting of transport researchers in London on 10th September 2012, and subsequent review of the draft papers by transport specialists including members of AFCAP's Steering Group. It covers: 1. Observed transport services impacts on poverty and growth to date in rural sub-Saharan Africa 2. Constraints on poverty alleviation and growth associated with deficiencies in rural transport services 3. The potential for improved transport services to impact on poverty and growth in rural areas (including possible extended connectivity from integration with mobile phone networks) 4. Identification of key research gaps, assessing (i) where and how current commissioned AFCAP projects will contribute to filling these gaps and (ii) areas where new transport services research needs commissioning. | |
| Workshop on Roads, Culture and History - Interdisciplinary Crossroads | Workshop on roads in Europe, Asia Africa, Latin America | Intech Associates | 2013 | The London University School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) invited AFCAP to contribute to a workshop entitled ‘Roads, Culture and History: Interdisciplinary Crossroads – A workshop on roads in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America'. The workshop was a one day event organised by SOAS and held at their main building in Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London on Saturday 2 February 2013. Workshop contributions were provided by 10 academics and experts representing UK, Dutch and German institutions and organised into 5 chaired sessions each with a discussion opportunity. The workshop was an initiative to allow an interchange of experiences and ideas on roads, their development and impact on communities. The participants' disciplines spanned anthropology, geography, economics and engineering. Robert Petts of Intech Associates was appointed by AFCAP to prepare and deliver a PowerPoint presentation at the workshop and raise the profile of AFCAP and other DFID funded transport research work. | ||
| Rendimiento Inicial de un Tratamiento Superficial a Gran Escala con Otta Seals | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Aunque las carreteras de grava pueden comportar en un primer momento bajos costes de construcción, suelen acarrear costes más elevados a lo largo de su ciclo de vida en comparación con las carreteras con tratamientos superficiales. El principal obstáculo a la hora de proporcionar una superficie más duradera para las carreteras de grava rurales es el elevado coste inicial que representa el tratamiento superficial. Otta seal supone una alternativa eficaz en función de costos en lugar del tratamiento superficial convencional mediante el uso de sellado con grava. Además, ofrece la flexibilidad de utilizar varios materiales para agregados clasificados. Se inició una investigación para desvelar si el sellado con grava construido con grava natural con un alto contenido de partículas finas y el sellado construido con roca machacada tendrían un rendimiento satisfactorio sobre el terreno. En Ghana, se dividió una carretera en estudio de 15km en tres secciones, una para tecnología de sellado con grava y dos para tratamiento superficial con Otta seal. Las secciones principales se subdividieron a su vez para realizar un estudio en profundidad sobre el efecto de los agregados clasificados y los correspondientes índices de espray de asfalto. Se hizo un seguimiento durante seis meses, cuya información se describe en este estudio, del rendimiento en la carretera en términos de sangrado, pérdida de agregados y formación de baches. | |||
| Performance précoce du revêtement d'Otta à grande échelle | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Même si les routes recouvertes de gravier peuvent avoir un coût de construction initial faible, celles-ci tendent à avoir un cycle de vie plus long que les routes à revêtement de surface. La principale contrainte pour fournir un revêtement plus durable pour les routes de gravier rurales est le coût initial élevé des enduits de surface. Les revêtements d'Otta représentent une alternative rentable aux enduits superficiels classiques. Cela offre également la possibilité d'utiliser différents matériaux pour les agrégats de granulométrie continue. Une enquête a été lancée pour savoir si les enduits superficiels réalisés avec du gravier naturel à contenu en particules élevé et ceux construits avec de la pierre concassée auraient des performances satisfaisantes dans ce domaine. Une étude sur une route de 15 km au Ghana a été réalisée en trois sections, une pour l'enduit superficiel et deux pour le revêtement d'Otta. Les sections principales ont été subdivisées pour une étude approfondie de l'effet d'un agrégat à granulométrie continue et des taux correspondants de pulvérisation de bitume. La performance de la route en termes de perte d'agrégat et de formation de nids de poule a été suivie pendant six mois et présentée dans cet article. | |||
| Desempenho Precoce de Pavimentos "Otta Seal" de Plena Escala | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Mesmo que as estradas em cascalho possam ter baixos custos de construção iniciais, tendem a ter custos ao longo do ciclo de vida superiores às estradas pavimentadas. O principal constrangimento ao fornecimento de um revestimento mais durável para as estradas rurais em cascalho é o elevado custo inicial da sua pavimentação. A pavimentação com "otta seal" representa uma alternativa rentável às superfícies convencionais que usam pavimentos baratos. Proporciona também a flexibilidade resultante da utilização de diversos materiais para os agregados classificados. Foi realizada uma investigação para saber se os pavimentos baratos construídos com cascalho natural com elevado teor de finos e os pavimentos construídos com brita se comportariam de forma satisfatória em campo. Uma estrada em estudo com 15 km, no Gana, foi dividida em três secções, uma para tecnologia de pavimentação barata e duas para pavimentação com "otta seal". As secções principais foram ainda divididas para um estudo aprofundado do efeito da granulometria do agregado e das correspondentes taxas de pulverização de betume. O desempenho da estrada em termos de drenagem, perda de agregação e formação de depressões foi monitorizado durante seis meses e é reportado neste documento. | |||
| Three Studies into Road Traffic Injury on Rural Roads in Tanzania | Final Report | AMEND | 2013 | This project was carried out by Amend, a non-governmental organisation focussed on road safety in sub-Saharan Africa. Established in 2005, our mission is ‘To create a sustainable, measureable reduction in the incidence of road traffic injury (RTI) in the developing world via the development, implementation, evaluation and scaling of data-backed public health initiatives'. Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's most dangerous roads. And as economies grow, road networks are being improved and expanded, and the way people travel is changing. In light of this, efforts are needed to ensure that the economic and social benefits that roads bring are not undermined by an increase in road deaths and injuries. This research found high and increasing rates of RTI among rural communities, especially among drivers of motorcycle taxis. Analysis of the impact of a short community-based RTI prevention programme suggests that interventions were insufficient to reduce injury rates, though the severity of injuries sustained reportedly declined. Increasing rates of RTI may be due, at least in part, to an increase in traffic on the study roads. We are grateful for the support of everybody involved in this project, in particular AFCAP, DFID, Crown Agents, the Prime Minister's Office for Regional Administration and Local Government, the National Institute for Medical Research, and the Local Government Authorities and community members of the areas where the project was implemented. | ||
| Feasibility Study of Options for Long Term Knowledge Sharing and Management | Final Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Starkey, P.;International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | 2013 | This project aimed to identify appropriate methods and institutional arrangements for storing, sharing and disseminating research findings and knowledge in the rural transport sector. This involved a review of current arrangements and past experiences as well as a survey of stakeholder views and requirements. The project was implemented by a team contracted by the International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD). The team was led by Paul Starkey who was responsible for preparing this report. IFRTD is a global network of individuals and organisations working together towards improved access, mobility and economic opportunity for poor communities in developing countries. IFRTD was formed to act as a global, but southern-driven research, networking and information dissemination platform. IFRTD's work focuses on promoting stronger connections between rural transport investments and human development outcomes such as poverty reduction, gender equity and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). IFRTD engages in research, policy advocacy, networking and information exchange to ensure that new knowledge and practices are created, shared and enhanced, and their Application is scaled up for wider impact. | |
| doc | The Role of Transport in Fragile and Conflict Afflicted States in sub Saharan Africa | A Case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC] | Tanzarn, N. | 2013 | 1. The objective of this research was to establish how transport infrastructure and services can help rebuild economies in post-conflict countries and lessen vulnerability to future conflict. The research explored the following questions: a. What is the impact of conflict on transport infrastructure and services? b. What is the role of transport in enabling conflict and mitigating against its impact? c. What are the implications of inadequate transport infrastructure and services on social development and economic growth in fragile and conflict-affected areas? d. What is the role of mobile phones in association with transport services in supporting relief efforts, emergency cash transfers, as well as conflict awareness, assessment and resolution? e. What is the potential contribution of transport solutions to conflict prevention and resolution? 2. The research employed qualitative methods of data collection. These included: workshop style consultations; in-depth key informant interviews; observation; focus group discussions [FGDs] with female and male community members; as well as a roundtable discussion with key policy makers and developments partners in the transport sector. The research involved national level consultations in Kinshasa with a field visit to Bukavu, one of the provinces in eastern Congo which has been affected by conflict during the past 10 years. 3. The study confirmed that there is a direct link between transport and conflict in the DRC. Amongst other things, the conflict is attributed to physical isolation arising out of poor provision, funding and maintenance of infrastructure. One key consequence of conflict is the destruction and lack of maintenance of transport infrastructure. | |
| Design, Construction and Monitoring of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvement in Tanzania | Siha Final Monitoring Report | Roughton International | 2013 | Following completion of construction works in Siha in September 2012, baseline monitoring data was collected for comparison with data collected in subsequent monitoring periods in order to assess the performance and suitability of the various surfacing options. The final monitoring stage has now been completed. It was observed during the monitoring stage that most of the sections have performed well, particularly the double surface dressing, concrete paving blocks and concrete geocell. The concrete slab sections have successfully achieved the overall goal of providing all weather access along the road, although there is large amount of cracking particularly in the unreinforced slab. This is likely to be due to issues with the concrete mix and quality control issues during construction. This report details the findings from the data collection during monitoring, interpretation of the data, conclusions drawn and subsequent recommendations. Now that monitoring with the assistance of the Consultant is complete, the monitoring will be carried out annually by the District Engineers for a period of eight years. | ||
| Back Analysis of Previous Low Volume Rural Roads in Mozambique | Final Report | TRL Ltd. | Rolt, J.;Mukura, K.;Dangare, F.;Otto, A. | 2013 | This is the Final Report for the Back Analysis Project. The report provides information on the activities carried out and the data that was collected during the execution of the project. The report gives a brief on the preliminary activities and the reconnaissance surveys carried out during the early stages of the project. More details of these early stages are given in the Inception Report. The report also gives a detailed account of the field surveys particularly the data that was collected from the measurements carried out in the field and the materials tests results. Finally, the report provides results of the analysis and the recommendations and conclusions from the results of the analysis. | |
| RURAL TRANSPORT SERVICES INDICATORS: | Report of the Pitoa–Djallou Road, Northern Region, Cameroon | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Kemtsop, G.;Starkey, P. | 2013 | The International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) in conjunction with Paul Starkey was awarded a research contract by the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) to develop and test indicators that can be used to assess how good rural transport services are at providing access for rural people. The envisaged outcome of the research will be appropriate rural transport services indicators that are tested and disseminated to the transport sector in various African countries. The research aims to identify, develop, test and share rural transport services indicators relevant to the key stakeholders, including rural people, transport operators, regulators, planners, roads authorities and development agencies. This will be achieved using participative methodologies involving local stakeholders and sector experts. The research team comprises: Paul Starkey (Team Leader) Peter Njenga (Project Manager) Guy Kemtsop (Cameroon Researcher) Shedrack Willilo (Tanzania Researcher) Romanus Opiyo (Kenya Researcher) John Hine (Technical Adviser) Krishan Jayatunge (Website and design). | |
| Low Volume Rural Road Surfacing and Pavements | A Guide to Good Practice | OtB Engineering | Cook, J. R.;Petts, R.;Rolt, J. | 2013 | This Guideline is aimed at engineers, road managers and others involved with the planning, design, construction or maintenance of Low Volume Rural Roads in developing and emerging regions in temperate and tropical climates. It is intended to provide key knowledge and guidance on a range of proven road surfacing and paving techniques that offer relatively low cost and sustainable solutions for road works, focusing on the optimal use of local resources, in often challenging physical and operational environments. This Guideline compiles the lessons learnt from the design, construction, supervision and monitoring of a range of surface and paving types trialled and investigated in the Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam SEACAP projects, together with the knowledge compiled in the SADC Guideline, and other relevant programmes such as the ongoing AFCAP research. Its scope ranges from Engineered Natural Surfaces (earth roads), through gravel to the various unbound, natural stone, bituminous, cement-based and clay brick surfacing and pavement layers. | |
| Economic Cost, Benefit and Value for Money Analysis of AFCAP Research Outputs | Final Report | Carruthers, R.;Nogales, A. | 2013 | There has been a wealth of studies into the engineering aspects of the Low Volume Sealed Road (LVSR) Approach to providing affordable and sustainable sealed roads where traffic volumes are too low to justify a conventional upgrade from gravel to a sealed surface. But there has been a dearth of studies into the economic benefits of such an approach, or the value for money of AFCAP's efforts to promote this approach. The assessments described in this report address these overlooked issues. Using a standard cost benefit analysis, the assessments find that there is a substantial economic benefit from implementing and expanding the LVSR approach, and that its support from AFCAP represents a worthwhile application of its resources. These finding are robust to a wide range of sensitivity tests on the many variables used in the analysis. | ||
| Three Studies into Road Traffic Injury on Rural Roads in Tanzania | FINAL REPORT, v1.2 | AMEND | 2013 | This project was carried out by Amend, a non-governmental organisation focussed on road safety in sub-Saharan Africa. Established in 2005, our mission is ‘To create a sustainable, measureable reduction in the incidence of road traffic injury (RTI) in the developing world via the development, implementation, evaluation and scaling of data-backed public health initiatives'. Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's most dangerous roads. And as economies grow, road networks are being improved and expanded, and the way people travel is changing. In light of this, efforts are needed to ensure that the economic and social benefits that roads bring are not undermined by an increase in road deaths and injuries. This research found high and increasing rates of RTI among rural communities, especially among drivers of motorcycle taxis. Analysis of the impact of a short community-based RTI prevention programme suggests that interventions were insufficient to reduce injury rates, though the severity of injuries sustained reportedly declined. Increasing rates of RTI may be due, at least in part, to an increase in traffic on the study roads. We are grateful for the support of everybody involved in this project, in particular AFCAP, DFID, Crown Agents, the Prime Minister's Office for Regional Administration and Local Government, the National Institute for Medical Research, and the Local Government Authorities and community members of the areas where the project was implemented. | ||
| Development of a Road Research Strategy for Mozambique | Final Report, March 2013 | TRL Ltd. | 2013 | This is the final report for the ‘Development of a Road Research Strategy for Mozambique' report for AFACP. The project was carried out between November 2012 and March 2013. This report includes the results of the inception report, preliminary report and subsequent workshop. A kick-off meeting was held in November 2012, after which an inception report was completed and all of the stakeholders were interviewed to find their opinions and suggestions on the main issues addressed by the project. Following the interviews during December 2012 a preliminary report was produced, which provided the main points for consideration at a workshop held in Maputo on 8th February 2013. | ||
| Identification and Mapping of Calcrete Deposits in Inhambane Province and Preparation of a Calcrete Classification System | and Specifications for the Use of Calcrete in Road Construction in Mozambique | TRL Ltd.;InfraAfrica;Hearn Geoserve | 2013 | Good quality road-building materials meeting conventional specifications are scarce along much of the coastal and inland areas of Mozambique and, in particular, in Inhambane Province. The main materials capable of providing gravel are calcrete and limestone which often fail to meet standard specifications for road construction and maintenance. However, when evaluated against appropriate specifications such materials may be used for all layers of a road pavement and for this reason, merit further investigations in the province. TRL, in collaboration with the Aministracao Nacionale de Mocambique (ANE) and assisted by Hearn Geoserve Ltd and Infra Africa was commissioned to undertake a study under the DFID/ANE-funded Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP). The main purposes of the project were to provide guidance to ANE and the Inhambane provincial authorities on locating calcrete deposits and to assess their properties in relation to existing technical specifications for their use in road construction. | ||
| Development of Low Volume Roads Research Capacity in Kenya | Final Report | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2013 | The original Terms of Reference aim to build research capacity in the Low Volume roads sector by focussing on Technical Assistance for the Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KeRRA). During the inception phase of the assignment to provide ‘Consultancy Services for Technical Assistance for the Establishment of a Research Unit for KeRRA', it became apparent that the proposed functions of the Research Unit and a large proportion of the associated activities were outside KeRRA's mandate. The Materials, Testing and Research Department (MTRD) of the Ministry of Roads mandate is to carry out those functions and, as it closely collaborates with KeRRA, it has been agreed to maintain the broad TOR in order to achieve the original objectives. It is now intended to incorporate a Low Volume Road Research Centre at MRTD and to also to develop a complimentary Low Volume Research Unit at KeRRA. The new arrangement will have improved effectiveness and efficiency for Low Volume Roads, and therefore rural roads; and will have a broader impact on the economic development and prosperity of Kenya. | ||
| Rural Logistics for Smallholder Farmers to Meet New Agricultural Market Demands | A planning framework for improving the efficiency of transport services in the high value agricultural sub-sector, replicable in other values chains | Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies (KENDAT);International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD);TCP Int. | 2014 | In recent years a renewed focus on agriculture has been evident in policy and development agendas for the African continent; yet little knowledge has been generated on the inter-linkages of production, agro-industry and markets, as well as the potential and capacities for developing these (Kormawa et al. 2012). Some 450 million smallholder farmers around the world face poor marketing linkages. Additionally the farming practices of these farmers are of low productivity due to dependence on family labour, lack of access to resources for optimal inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, irrigation equipment and machinery. Smallholders remain dispersed and non-aggregated (DGDA, 2012). To feed 9.3 billion people by the middle of this century, the world will need to raise global food production by around 70 per cent. The irony is that the majority of people currently suffering chronic hunger are the rural poor who work in agriculture, working in the fields, transporting crops, looking after animals or catching fish. A food-secure world requires that those currently living in rural poverty become able to produce agricultural surpluses, allowing them to sell the excess for income, to invest in better agricultural practices and to insure against the bad seasons that will inevitably come, from time to time. Despite this situation, a recent report by an engineering society in UK noted that despite the world discussion about producing 70 per cent more food by 2050, only a half of this figure (35 per cent) would be needed if there were improvements in the reduction of post-harvest losses, a good fraction of which can be associated to the poor transport infrastructure and generally poor logistical operational efficiency. | ||
| World Transport Policy and Practice, Volume 19.2 | March 2013 | Eco-Logica | 2013 | EDITORIAL Rural access, health and disability in sub-Saharan Africa; lessons for transport policy and practice from recent transport services research Transport, health and disability are interlinked on many levels, with transport availability directly and indirectly influencing health, and health status influencing transport options. This is especially the case in rural locations of sub-Saharan Africa, where transport services are typically not only high cost, but also less frequent and less reliable than in urban areas. This special issue presents papers concerned with three different aspects of the transport/health/disability nexus – firstly the linkages between access to transport and obstetric emergencies, secondly those between disability, access to transport and service access (including health service access), and thirdly the linkages between transport and disability associated with road traffic injury. | ||
| Identidad social, voz ciudadana y acceso rural en Uganda | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | La identidad social define la voz ciudadana y la capacidad de habilitación de la misma para defender su derecho de acceso a los servicios y exigir cuentas de parte de los organismos públicos. Determinadas identidades se ven socialmente excluidas por, entre otras razones, el género, la edad, el origen étnico, la religión, la orientación sexual, la discapacidad, la salud/el estado serológico, la situación social o económica, la opinión política y el lugar de residencia [rural/urbano]. Otras, como las personas discapacitadas, constituyen identidades estigmatizadas. Las identidades socialmente excluidas se ven, a menudo, denegar derechos, voz y recursos. El trabajo se basa principalmente en las voces de los ciudadanos rurales, y brinda una especial atención a las personas discapacitadas y a las mujeres, que, a causa de sus identidades sociales respectivas, se ven confrontadas a una movilidad restringida y a dificultades específicas de accesibilidad. El trabajo estudia la manera con a cual la accesibilidad influencia sus necesidades de subsistencia y domésticas, sus oportunidades de empleo, su acceso y utilización de los servicios sociales, así como su participación en los mercados de productos básicos o de producción. También analiza el grado de adaptación de los servicios de transporte con respecto a la igualdad de género e inclusión social, en relación con el acceso, la inclusión y la participación, las oportunidades, la autonomización y la protección. | |||
| La Función de una Unión de Transportes en el contexto del Aumento del Acceso de las Mujeres en Zonas Rurales a la Asistencia Materna de Emergencia en el Norte de Nigeria | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Este documento describe una iniciativa para el transporte de emergencia en zonas rurales del Norte de Nigeria, cuyo objetivo es salvar la vida de mujeres afectadas por complicaciones maternas. El Programa de Transporte de Emergencia (ETS, por sus siglas en inglés), implementado por la Unión Nacional de Trabajadores de Transporte por Carretera (NURTW, por sus siglas en inglés), es una asociación pública privada que recibe el apoyo de UKAid y del Programa para Restablecer la Inmunización Periódica en el Norte de Nigeria y la Iniciativa para la Salud Materna, de Recién Nacidos y de Menores (PRRINN-MNCH, por sus siglas en inglés), financiados por el Gobierno de Noruega. El Programa ofrece una solución apropiada para el contexto cultural, asequible y oportuna ante las barreras de acceso físicas que afrontan numerosas mujeres embarazadas en zonas rurales y que necesitan un acceso rápido a un centro sanitario. Se han evitado numerosas muertes maternas en los dos años y medio de existencia del programa. El programa tiene unas perspectivas excelentes para su sostenibilidad a nivel de comunidad. Si los esfuerzos actuales para profundizar en la propiedad institucional de ETS tienen éxito, hay enormes posibilidades de implementar la iniciativa a nivel nacional en un futuro. Este documento presenta los logros y desafíos de ETS hasta la fecha y examina las medidas necesarias para asegurar el futuro del programa. | |||
| O Papel de um Sindicato de Transportes na Melhoria do Acesso das Mulheres de Zonas Rurais a Cuidados de Saúde Materna Urgente no Norte da Nigéria | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Este documento descreve uma iniciativa de transporte urgente na zona rural do Norte da Nigéria que pretende salvar as vidas de mulheres afectadas por complicações da maternidade. O Sistema de Transporte Urgente (ETS - Emergency Transport Scheme), implementado pelo Sindicado Nacional dos Trabalhadores de Transportes Rodoviários (NURTW), é uma parceria público-privada apoiada pelo Programa financiado pelo UKAid e pelo Governo da Noruega para a Revitalização da Vacinação de Rotina no Norte da Nigéria e a Iniciativa para a Saúde Materna, Neonatal e Infantil (PRRINN-MNCH). O sistema tem vindo a proporcionar uma solução atempada, económica e culturalmente apropriada para as fortes barreiras físicas de acesso enfrentadas por muitas mulheres grávidas das zonas rurais que necessitam de ser imediatamente transportadas para uma unidade de saúde. Nos dois anos e meio que decorreram desde a criação do sistema, já foi evitada a morte de muitas mães. O sistema tem excelentes perspectivas de vir a ser sustentado ao nível da comunidade. Se os actuais esforços para aprofundar a participação institucional do ETS forem bem sucedidos, existe uma ampla margem para a futura expansão da iniciativa a nível nacional. Este documento observa as conquistas e os desafios enfrentados pelo ETS até ao momento e considera os passos que são necessários para assegurar o futuro do sistema. | |||
| Le rôle d'un syndicat de transport pour faciliter l'accès des femmes rurales aux soins maternels d'urgence dans le nord du Nigéria | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Cet article décrit une initiative de transport d'urgence du nord rural du Nigeria qui a pour but de sauver la vie des femmes touchées par les complications de maternité. Le système de Transport d'urgence (SCEQE), mis en place par la National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW), est un partenariat public-privé financé par le gouvernement norvégien et soutenu par l'UKAid et par le Programme de relance de la vaccination systématique dans le nord du Nigeria et d'initiative santé pour les meres , les nouveau-nés et les enfants (PRRINN-SMNE). Ce système fournit une solution culturellement adaptée, abordable et en temps opportun pour lever les obstacles sérieux à l'accès physique que rencontrent de nombreuses femmes enceintes en milieu rural qui doivent être transférées rapidement dans un service de santé. De nombreux décès maternels ont été évités dans les deux ans et demi qui se sont écoulés depuis la création du système. Celui-ci dispose d'excellentes perspectives de soutien au niveau communautaire. Si les efforts actuels visant à renforcer la propriété institutionnelle de l'ETS ont réussi, il reste un énorme effort à faire pour étendre à l'avenir cette initiative au niveau national. Cet article se penche sur les réalisations et les défis rencontrés par les ETS jusqu'à présent et considère les mesures nécessaires pour assurer l'avenir du régime. | |||
| Monitoring Programme in Lao PDR (SEACAP 17) | Monitoring Report, May 2013 | Roughton International | 2013 | The South East Asia Community Access Programme 17 (SEACAP 17) aimed to identify cost-effective, community orientated approaches for improving year-round access to remote rural areas through a low-cost and local resource based approach in Lao PDR. In 2007, trial pavement sections, constructed from concrete, bituminous seals, stone and gravel, were constructed on seven low volume rural roads (LVRR) near the regional capital of Bokeo Province, Houay Xai. The roads were monitored after construction in 2007 and once more in 2009, however, after this point no funding was available to continue the monitoring work and there was a risk of valuable knowledge being lost. In 2012, the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) funded a monitoring visit which took place in October 2012. The objective was to assess performance of these trial sections, after having been trafficked for 5 years, so the information could be used to supplement knowledge being gathered on similar projects in Africa - most notably the AFCAP projects in Bagomoyo and Siha Districts of Tanzania. This report outlines the main findings from the monitoring process in Lao and makes some recommendations based on these findings, particularly in relation to pavement choice for LVRR, for use on future projects. | ||
| AFCAP Workshop Summaries on Rural Infrastructure and Transport Services | 6th Africa Transportation Technology Transfer (T2) Conference, Gaborone, Botswana | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) Core Management Group | 2014 | Executive Summary This report presents the detailed outcomes of the AFCAP workshops on rural road infrastructure and transport services for improved access and mobility at the 6th Africa Transportation Technology Transfer (T2) conference. Highlights and agreements from the workshops were: Road Infrastructure - The designs for low volume sealed roads (LVSR) should move away from the current soaked subgrade California Bearing Ratio (CBR) designs and be based on the DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer)/Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Number (DN) value at the prevailing equilibrium moisture content. - Providing costs were not prohibitive, the overriding criteria for geometric design should be the provision of safety measures. - Current economic models were not totally appropriate for use with low volume roads, but in the absence of anything better, these tools had to be used for economic analysis. Further research is required. - Cost Benefit Analysis tools should be developed to estimate economic returns and benefits from investment in transport research projects with improved packaging and communication of the benefits to decision makers. - More research is required into the use of emulsions for Otta Seals. Cold Mix Asphalt was a more preferred surfacing option compared to Otta Seals. Transport Services - More published research is required into the provision of transport services in conflict affected areas. - Community engagement in road safety is critical for aspects such as improved safety education and inputs into safety standards for better low volume road designs. - Advocacy is essential to promote the role of the transport sector and gain cross-sectoral recognition of its key role in achieving other development goals. - It is imperative to get a transport indicator into the Post-Millennium Development Goals (Post MDG) and that an African lobbying initiative for a Post-MDG transport indicator is urgently established. | |
| Identidade Social, Voz dos Cidadãos e Acesso Rural em Uganda | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | A identidade social define a voz dos cidadãos e sua capacidade de intervenção no sentido de exigirem seu direito de acesso aos serviços e de prestação de contas por parte dos órgãos públicos. Algumas identidades são socialmente excluídas por conta de, designadamente, seu sexo, idade, origem étnica, religião, orientação sexual, deficiência, condição de saúde/HIV, posição social ou econômica, opinião política e residência [rural/urbana]. Outras, como as pessoas com deficiência [portadoras de necessidades especiais] são identidades estigmatizadas. Frequentemente, às identidades socialmente excluídas são negados direitos, voz e recursos. | |||
| Mortalidad Materna en el Este de Zambia: Acceso a los Servicios Sanitarios para el Parto y las Emergencias Obstétricas | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | La mejora de la salud maternal y la supervivencia sigue siendo el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio más difícil de lograr, y las disparidades a nivel mundial en relación con la mortalidad materna son enormes, con unos riesgos de mortalidad que permanecen superiores a 1 de cada 10 en la mayoría del África subsahariana. El “modelo de tres retrasos”, desarrollado por Thaddeus y Maine (1994), identifica como obstáculos para la mejora de los resultados en la salud materna los retrasos a la hora de reconocer la necesidad de asistencia, de acceder a un centro de asistencia y de recibir assistencia posterior en el centro de asistencia sanitaria. La nueva intervención introducida en el Este de Zambia, una moto ambulancia con remolque, intenta abordar el segundo retraso mediante la mejora del acceso a los centros y clínicas para emergencias obstétricas. | |||
| Identité sociale, voix citoyenne et accès rural en Ouganda | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | L'identité sociale définit la voix des citoyens, ainsi que la capacité de ces derniers à faire valoir leur droit d'accès aux services et d'exiger des comptes de la part des organismes publics. Certaines identités sont socialement exclues en raison de leur genre, de leur âge, de leur origine ethnique, de leur religion, de leur orientation sexuelle, de leur handicap, de leur état de santé/statut VIH, de leur statut social ou économique, de leur opinion politique ou de leur lieu de résidence [rural/urbain]. D'autres, comme les personnes atteintes d'un handicap, constituent des identités stigmatisées. Les identités socialement exclues se voient souvent refuser tout droit, toute voix et toutes ressources. | |||
| Mortalidade Materna na Zâmbia Oriental: Acesso à Prestação de Cuidados de Saúde e Urgências de Obstetrícia | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Melhorar a saúde e a sobrevivência maternas continua a ser o mais elusivo dos Objectivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio, e as disparidades globais em termos de maternidade materna são imensas, com os riscos de vida ainda a ultrapassarem 1 em 10 em grande parte da África subsaariana. O “modelo dos três atrasos”, desenvolvido por Thaddeus and Maine (1994), identifica os atrasos no reconhecimento da necessidade de tratamento, na deslocação a um posto de tratamento e depois no recebimento do tratamento no posto, como obstáculos fundamentais à melhoria dos resultados da saúde materna. Uma nova intervenção de transporte em ambulância a reboque de um motociclo está a ser introduzida na Zâmbia Ocidental e procura dar resposta ao segundo atraso através da melhoria do acesso a instalações e clínicas de urgência obstétrica. | |||
| Mortalité maternelle en Zambie orientale : Accès aux soins de santé pour l'accouchement et les urgences obstétricales | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Améliorer la santé maternelle et favoriser la survie reste le plus insaisissable des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement et les disparités mondiales en matière de mortalité maternelle sont considérables, avec des risques au cours de la vie toujours supérieurs à 1 sur 10 dans la plupart des régions subsahariennes de l'Afrique. Le modèle des trois retards , développé par Thaddeus et Maine (en 1994), identifie comme des obstacles essentiels à l'amélioration de la santé maternelle les retards à reconnaître le besoin de soins : arriver à un établissement de soins et recevoir des soins sur place. Un nouveau mode d'intervention de transport par ambulance remorquée par une moto a été introduit en Zambie orientale afin de combler le deuxième retard grâce à l'amélioration de l'accès aux soins obstétricaux d'urgence et aux cliniques. | |||
| Características de las Lesiones por Accidentes de Tráfico en Carreteras Rurales de Bajo Volumen en Tanzania | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Las Lesiones por Accidentes de Tráfico (RTIs, por sus siglas en inglés) constituyen un grave problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de las lesiones por accidentes de tráfico en carreteras de bajo volumen en entornos rurales africanos con el fin de desarrollar un programa integral para la prevención de lesiones. La información se recopiló mediante una técnica de encuestas por hogares a lo largo de tres carreteras rurales. La técnica de muestreo tenía como objetivo recopilar información en todos los hogares en un radio de 200 metros en cada una de las tres carreteras de estudio. Este estudio puso de manifiesto una incidencia de lesiones en el tráfico por carreteras rurales de 3,3 por cada 100 personas al año. De 49 víctimas de lesiones de tráfico por carretera, el 63% se integraban en la categoría de entre 15 – 44 años y el 82% eran varones. Más de la mitad de las lesiones implicaron la presencia de una moto y un tercio tuvo lugar en carreteras de tierra. La duración media de la discapacidad se encontraba en 24±25,9 días. Estos hallazgos del estudio se consideran como datos referencia que serán de utilidad para la creación de un programa de prevención de lesiones multimodal, para su comparación con otros estudios y para actuar como la primera etapa de una evaluación formal del programa. | |||
| Características da Sinistralidade Rodoviária em Estradas Rurais de Baixo Tráfego na Tanzânia | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | A sinistralidade rodoviária (SR) constitui um grave problema de saúde pública. O propósito deste estudo é descrever as características da sinistralidade rodoviária em estradas de baixo tráfego numa zona rural africana tendo em vista desenvolver um programa abrangente de prevenção da sinistralidade. Os dados foram recolhidos usando uma técnica de inquérito às famílias ao longo de três estradas rurais. A técnica de amostragem procurou recolher dados sobre todas as casas situadas num raio de 200 metros de cada uma das três estradas estudadas. Este estudo identificou uma incidência de sinistralidade em estradas rurais de 3,3 por cada 100 pessoas por ano. Das 49 vítimas de acidentes rodoviários, 63% pertenciam ao escalão etário dos 15 aos 44 anos e 82% eram do sexo masculino. Mais de metade dos acidentes envolveram motociclos e um terço ocorre em estradas de terra. A duração média da incapacidade foi de 24±25,9 dias. Estes resultados do estudo constituem dados de referência que serão usados na criação de um programa multi-modal de prevenção de acidentes, a comparar com outros estudos e para servirem como um primeiro passo na avaliação de um programa formal. | |||
| Caractéristiques des blessures dues à la circulation sur des routes rurales à faible trafic en Tanzanie | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Les accidents de la circulation routière (RTI) constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les caractéristiques des accidents de la circulation sur les routes à faible trafic en milieu rural africain afin d'élaborer un programme complet de prévention des blessures. Les données ont été recueillies dans le cadre d'une enquête technique auprès des ménages le long de trois routes rurales. La technique d'échantillonnage visait à recueillir des données sur tous les ménages dans les 200 mètres de chacune des trois routes étudiées. | |||
| Design, Construction and Monitoring of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvement in Tanzania | Workshop Report | Roughton International | 2013 | The Project Director opened the workshop and briefly explained the main intentions were to obtain feedback on the two projects undertaken in Bagamoyo and Siha. The workshop was intentionally planned as informal to encourage such feedback. Following a brief explanation on AFCAP the group commenced the site visit of the road in Bago, some 70km from the workshop, in the Bagamoyo District. | ||
| Consultancy Services for Technical Assistance to the South Sudan Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges to Develop Road Research Capacity in the Directorate of Materials and Research | Inception Report | Palmer, D.;Greening, T. | 2014 | Project Objectives The objective is to assist the DMR in the restructured MTRB with its institutional arrangements and to develop a strategic plan for the implementation of its research mandate as set out in the MTRB Policy Document. To achieve this, the project will undertake a four-fold approach: - Develop the case for research; - Identify possible sources of funding of research; - Propose an appropriate institutional structure to undertake research in South Sudan; and - Develop a Road Research Strategy. | ||
| Development of Design Standards for Low-Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Otta Seal Demonstration project: Combel Village, Tulubolo-Kela Road, Construction and Workshop Report | TRL Ltd. | Overby, C.;Otto, A. | 2013 | The demonstration project had three objectives: 1. Demonstrate an Otta seal using aggregate that is within the prescribed grading and strength requirements 2. Demonstrate the use of locally available natural gravel (decomposed weathered basalt and volcanic cinder aggregate) that might perform satisfactorily although outside the specified aggregate requirements. 3. Demonstrate that waste fines from crushing (crusher dust) could be used as a sand seal. | |
| doc | Agricultural Value Chains | Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies (KENDAT); International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD); TCP Int; Nairobi University | Kaumbutho, P.;Murithi, E.;Njenga, P.;Sieber, N.;Mbathi, M. | 2014 | This booklet was developed from research carried out to explore the role of rural transport services in supporting the production of high value agricultural goods. The information presented is expected to benefit actors in the agricultural value chain development whose goal is to improve the incomes and livelihoods of small holder farmers through increased marketing of high value products. The Project Team was composed of : • Dr Pascal Kaumbutho (Team Leader) and Eston Murithi of KENDAT, • Peter Njenga of IFRTD, • Dr Niklas Sieber of TCP International and • Dr Musyimi Mbathi of University of Nai-robi's Urban Planning Department. The Team is indebted to the support of DFID's UKaid and Crown Agents, the managers of AFCAP with Dr. Gina Porter at our Technical Desk there. The team is greatly appreciative of the field and other support provided by Mathenge Mwehe of Geospatial Africa Ltd and Grace Wahome our Research Assistant. We are thankful to the following establishments which opened their doors and their records for the Research Team to build practical information background to the principles and operational agribusiness concepts highlighted here-in: Sunripe Ltd, Meru Greens and Mt Kenya Gardens Ltd, Goshen Farm Ltd, Freshpak Ltd, Athi Farm Ltd, Farm Concern International (FCI), Operators of Wakulima, Kangemi, Githurai and Thika wholesale Vegetable Markets among others. | |
| Preparatory Activities for Transformation of the MTRD into a Transport Research Centre | MTRD Draft Strategy for Upgrading of 8,000 Km of Unpaved Roads to Low Volume Sealed Standards in 2013 – 2017 Plan Period | Cardno IT Transport | Head, M. | 2014 | This report sets out a strategy to achieve the Government policies for delivery of upgrading of Low Volume Roads relating to construction, rehabilitation and maintenance. It also addresses methods of reducing Whole Life Costs (WLC) of roads by 25%. It describes the scale of the challenge to achieve upgrading of 8,000km of LV roads to paved standard and the paradigm shift that will be necessary to accomplish the targets. It then describes the role of Research and Development (R&D) to support the programme and maps out the research areas to provide the innovation and technical guidance to enable the step changes to be made. | |
| Preparatory Activities for Transformation of the MTRD into a Transport Research Centre | MTRD Strategic Plan for Building Research Capacity to support Transport and Infrastructure Development and Maintenance | Cardno IT Transport | Head, M. | 2013 | Report Objective Review and update MTRD's strategic plan for Research Capacity to support transport and infrastructure development and maintenance (produced in AFCAP Report on Development of Low Volume Roads Research Capacity in Kenya, March 2013, prepared under AFCAP/KEN/089G activities). | |
| Final Review and Feedback | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | •Please spend 10-15 minutes to complete the course evaluation form •The results of the evaluation form and feedback and discussion will be used to produce a training summary report comprising participant feedback and recommendations for course improvement •Your comments and suggestions will shape the future of the Transport Services Training Course – please be honest and constructive! | ||
| Session 6.4: Traffic Survey Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various methods used in traffic surveys: - Methods for counting rural traffic in developing countries - Vehicle classification charts - Traffic count forms - Origin-Destination forms | ||
| Session 6.3: Trainee Notes | Fieldwork Exercise | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Introduction: The purpose of this fieldwork exercise is to practise some qualitative and quantitative data collection which will highlight the importance of effective research design and the use of pilot surveys before undertaking a full scale data collection exercise. Course participants will be split into two groups, with half the group practising qualitative data collection through the use of participatory appraisal approaches (namely mapping and mobility charts and discussion starters using laminated photographs). The other group will practise quantitative data collection by administering a sample household questionnaire and a sample transport operator questionnaire. | |
| Outcomes and Impacts Report | May 2013 | Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) Core Management Group | 2013 | AFCAP was designed to include a range of activities that would increase knowledge and share it amongst practitioners in the sector. The expected impact of AFCAP was “sustained economic development, poverty reduction and improved livelihoods of the rural poor through more effective, efficient and equitable access to socio-economic opportunities”. However, it was not clear from the outset how AFCAP could genuinely contribute to this impact. AFCAP was in danger of experiencing the shortcomings of similar initiatives in the past, which struggled to institutionalise new knowledge and ensure its uptake in participating countries. At an early stage in the implementation of AFCAP it was realised that it would be possible to contribute effectively to the planned impact through a slightly different approach. The first objective would be to produce technical documentation (e.g. road design manuals and technical specifications) that reflected best practice, were endorsed at the highest level by partner governments, and could be enforced on road investment and maintenance projects. The second objective was to build capacity in the participating countries to manage their own programme of research, enabling these countries to manage and expand their knowledge base, and independently implement future improvements to the documentation. | ||
| docx | Consultancy Services for Development and Implementation of a Rural Transport Services Training Course in West Africa | Training Summary report | TRL Ltd. | 2013 | The West Africa Rural Transport Services Training Course was successfully delivered by Professor Albert Abane, Dr Samuel Annim, Dr Annabel Bradbury and John Hine at the University of Cape Coast in Ghana from 30th September to 4th October 2013. The course was attended by 25 engineers, sociologists and transport service professionals and academics and included taught sessions on conducting transport services research, as well as a field trip to a local village called Efutu, located in the outskirts of Cape Coast, and some practical exercises. | |
| Design and Construction of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvement in Tanzania | Final Report Appendices | Roughton International | 2013 | Appendices to support the Final Report | ||
| Design and Construction of Demonstration Sites for District Road Improvement in Tanzania | Final Report | Roughton International | 2013 | Two sites that demonstrate the types of challenges that can be overcome using the Environmentally Optimised Design (EOD) and the Spot Improvement (SI) philosophy were selected at Bagamoyo and Siha. The designs for the sections at Bagamoyo were based on the Tanzanian Pavement and Materials Design Manual (TPMDM), with alterations made to obtain an environmentally optimised design that is suitable for low volume roads. The designs at Siha were carried out using the recently formulated DCP method in order to allow designs that only have one pavement layer below the surface layer, giving a far more economic design than is currently possible using the TPMDM. | ||
| The Use of Sand and Laterite in Road Construction | Workshop Report: October 2013 | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd; TRL Ltd.; Paige-Green Consulting; CPP Botswana Ltd.; Frank Netterberg | Pinard, M. et al | 2013 | Sands Project The main purpose of the Sands project is to reduce the cost of low volume road construction in the SADC region by utilising naturally occurring sands to the maximum extent possible. To this end, Phase 2 of the project will build on the outputs of Phase 1, thereby deepening the understanding of the properties of certain types of sands which can which used as pavement materials for the construction of low volume roads in the SADC region. Laterites Project The main purpose of the Laterites project is essentially to: Raise awareness of the existence of the performance-based specifications that have been developed specifically for the use of laterites in road construction in such countries as Angola, Brazil and Australia. Highlight the fact that such specifications are quite different to the more traditional ones that are still used in a number of countries in Africa, as a result of which unnecessary recourse is often made to their relatively expensive stabilization for use in low volume roads (LVR). Provide interim specifications for the use of laterites in LVR construction based on the outcome of a review of the most recent documentation on the subject, including the CIRIA Special Publication 47: Laterite in Road Pavements, the report on Tropical Residual Soils published by the Geological Society for distribution by the Overseas Development Administration, and other state-of-the-art reviews on laterites. | |
| Training Programme for Improved Performance of Surface Treatments in Ethiopia | Train the Trainers - Final report | Roughton International | 2013 | In late 2009 a review of thin bituminous surfacing practice in Ethiopia was carried out under the African Community Access Programme (AFCAP) programme, and it was identified that the use of thin bituminous surfacings is declining due to a lack of industry confidence and a tendency towards the use of asphalt concrete. It was therefore recognised that there is a need to develop a training course in order to improve the capacity of practitioners in the design, construction and maintenance of thin bituminous surfacings. Under the AFCAP programme, funded by the Department for International Development (DFiD), the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) have decided to undertake a training programme with the aim of improving thin bituminous surfacing practice in Ethiopia. Roughton International (RI) were therefore contracted by Crown Agents, who are managing the AFCAP programme, to develop and deliver a series of training courses covering all aspects of design, construction and maintenance. These training courses were developed and delivered by RI in February 2012 at the Alemgena Training and Testing Centre (ATTC), and were also delivered at the ATTC in November 2011 under EU funding. The courses were delivered to three groups including operators and foremen, technicians and engineers, with a course of one week in duration for each group. | ||
| Preparatory Activities for Transformation of the MTRD into a Transport Research Centre | Development of Concept Models and Strategy for a Transport Research Centre | Cardno IT Transport | Head, M. | 2013 | The Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD), of the newly-formed Transport and Infrastructure Ministry, is developing a framework for their transformation to a Transport Research Centre; and priority activities based on their mandate and their Strategic Plan (AFCAP Report on Development of Low Volume Roads Research Capacity in Kenya, March 2013), prepared under AFCAP/KEN/089G activities. This project is an extension to that work and is referred to as PHASE 1. It is funded by the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) a research programme underpinned by the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID). | |
| The Africa Climate Conference 2013 (ACC2013) | Ewunetu, M. | 2013 | Executive Summary The Africa Climate Conference 2013 (ACC2013) was organized by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the Africa Climate Policy Centre (ACPC), and the University of Dar es Salaam with support from an international Scientific Steering Committee Representing a number of climate-focused institutions. It was held from 15th to 18th October 2013 at the Arusha International Conference Centre in Arusha, Tanzania. AFCAP has submitted technical paper and poster presentation on Modelling and Mapping of Climate Change Vulnerability of Road and Rail Networks in Africa. The first of its kind, the Conference brought together over 300 stakeholders from Africa and around the world. It discussed the state of knowledge on the African climate system; identified current gaps in climate knowledge; identified priority areas and outlined an agenda to advance the frontiers of African climate research that will inform development and adaptation decisions; drafted a framework for mainstreaming climate information into decision making; and identified key African institutions to nurture research ideas and further develop them into pan-African research program proposals that enhance climate services. The ACC2013 brought together diverse experts in climate science research, applications, and policy to provide suggestions on translating climate information and knowledge to areas such as agriculture and food production, water resources management, risk management, health and adaptation planning. The majority of the conference papers have focused specifically on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Modelling. However, AFCAP's technical paper and poster presentation focused on the practical application of climate change research outcomes to enable local communities to adapt themselves to a changing climate. AFCAP's poster presentation has received positive feedbacks from conference participants. | |||
| Preparatory Activities for Transformation of the MTRD into a Transport Research Centre | Proposal for the Development of a Low Volume Road Design Manual | Cardno IT Transport; TRL Ltd. | Head, M.;Rolt, J. | 2013 | The purpose of this project is to set out an agreed procedure/plan to develop a low volume road design manual for Kenya. The output will therefore be a detailed project proposal and ‘roadmap' outlining all the steps necessary to produce such a manual and the resources necessary to do so. It is envisaged that the project will comprise several phases and will culminate in a final, endorsed and agreed national manual for the design of low volume roads and a cadre of professionals who are familiar with it and able to employ it successfully. A design manual in itself is not enough. A set of general specifications will also be required which will have to provide for both labour-based and equipment-based construction methods. To accompany the design manual and the specifications it is often necessary to provide a set of construction guidelines or work methods to help inexperienced contractors, especially if new techniques are involved. This does not form part of these proposals but could be the subject of an additional phase. | |
| docx | AFCAP Report on the Low Volume Roads Symposium, Cairns, Queensland, Australia | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. et al. | 2013 | The main aim of the symposium was to explore ways of improving the management, provision and operation of low volume roads and to highlight relevant technical expertise and experience within Australia and other parts of the world. Sharing of knowledge and experience was achieved through various presentations by speakers from Australia, New Zealand, USA and Africa. The main topics of discussion included innovations in construction and materials technology, appropriate standards, road safety and geometric design, management of unsealed roads, community engagement, planning and investment. It should be noted that there are many similarities between rural access in Africa and parts of Australia, particularly with regard to climate factors and other physical constraints. The symposium therefore provided the opportunity to share experiences and inform participants. AFCAP (Africa Community Access Programme) participated in the symposium as a platform for disseminating knowledge generated through its research projects conducted since 2008. The AFCAP contribution to the symposium included eight presentations on key research findings in Africa during the parallel technical sessions. There were also two AFCAP presentations in plenary sessions: 1) to provide a general overview of AFCAP and its achievements, and 2) to summarise research needs in Africa and to convey the vision of AFCAP for establishing a vibrant research community for the rural transport sector in Africa. | |
| Rural Transport Service Indicators: Final Report | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Starkey, P.;Njenga, P.;Kemtsop;Willilo, S.;Opiyo;Hine | 2014 | Executive Summary Adequate public transport services are vital for rural communities. This paper reports lessons and recommendations from a 12-month project to develop indicators to 'measure' how transport services were meeting the access needs of rural people. The Rural Transport Services Indicators (RTSi) project was funded by AFCAP and implemented by an IFRTD team. In Phase 1 (Apr-Sep 2012), a methodology to acquire the data for indicator statistics was developed and tested on six roads in Tanzania and Kenya. In Phase 2 (Oct 2012 to Mar 2013), the questions and analysis systems were revised and tested on roads in Tanzania, Kenya and Cameroon. All indicator statistics are linked to specific roads. Road-based transport services indicators are relevant to the users, operators, regulators and development projects and such indicators could be used to appraise and evaluate road investments. | ||
| Role of Social Enterprise in Addressing Transport for Health | Riders | Nichols, K. | 2014 | Why is reliable transport critical to the health system? Without reliable transport all the money that is invested in medicines, bed-nets, and trained health professionals will be wasted because they will fail to get to where they are needed on time. | ||
| Social Dimensions of Transport – a resource for Social Impact Appraisals | Department for International Development (DFID), UK | Norman, K. | 2013 | This document was written as a social impact appraisal to support the design of new transport research business cases. In addition it is anticipated that it will be a useful resource for DFID advisors and external partners working on transport programmes and research. As a summary of key evidence on the social dimensions of transport, it provides a platform for further research, programme design or business case development. This document outlines the links between poor connectivity and poverty. It covers the social welfare benefits of transport, focusing on health, education, access to markets and improved livelihood opportunities (Section 2). It also examines the distributional impacts of transport interventions, considering gender, income groups, people with disabilities and children (Section 3). | ||
| Design Manual, for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Using the DCP Design Method | Ministry of Transport and Public Works | 2013 | Whilst there are significant life cycle benefits to be achieved from upgrading Malawi's relatively lightly trafficked unpaved roads to a paved standard, the cost of doing so following traditional standards and specifications is prohibitive. However, based on research and investigations carried out over many decades in the Southern African region, including Malawi, there is now performance based evidence on which new design standards and specifications for various aspects of low volume sealed road provision can be based. These findings have been incorporated in the development of this Design Manual for Low Volume Sealed Roads Using the DCP Design Method in which the design of the pavement is based specifically on the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) design method. The manual reflects historical experience in Malawi and the region and takes full account of the positive experience gained in the country from the construction of similar roads dating back over 20 years. | ||
| Leverage booming mobile phone infrastructure | to support sustainable and scalable MHSW public health programs | Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania | 2014 | Every year Tanzania sees the death of 48,100 newborns, ranking it tenth highest in the world Key Challenges • Network Coverage • Phone ownership • Literacy rates in rural areas Demand • Services • Information Sustainability • High cost of SMS and platform | ||
| Review of Design Standards and Maintenance Guidelines for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Final Report | Cardno IT Transport (ITT) | 2014 | This report describes an Independent Review of ERA's Low Volume Roads (LVR) Manual that was carried out in August 2013 by a team from I T Transport comprising Gary Taylor and Alemgena Araya. This was Part 1 of a two phase process supported by the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP). Part 2 will be a separate assignment to implement the update of the LVR Manual. | ||
| AFCAP Bitesize News | September 2013 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Updates on AFCAP supported activities in DRC, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Regional South Africa, South African Development Community, South Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia | ||
| The Dar Rapid Transit (DART) Project | Dar Rapid Transit Agency | 2014 | Dar es Salaam means the Haven of Peace • The commercial city of Tanzania, • Generates 84% of government's domestic revenue • Has the largest urban population • Has fastest growth of Vehicle ownership -20% /Year • City population (2012) is estimated to be 4.5 millions, with a yearly growth rate of 4.3% (2002 Census) | |||
| Issues and Concerns Related to the Revised ERA Specifications and Design Manuals | Verhaeghe, B. | 2014 | Focus Area: Asphalt Rutting and its Prevention Issues raised • Higher occurrence of severe rutting observed on many roads - heavily-trafficked roads - situations where heavy vehicles move at slow speeds • Binder type selection (e.g. 80/100 pen) • Use of gap-graded mixes (hot-rolled asphalt) • Design method | |||
| Issues and Concerns Related to the Revised ERA Specifications and Design Manuals | SURFACE SEALS: Issues and Concerns | van Zyl, G. | 2014 | Outline of Presentation • International best practice document ? • Aggregate strength parameters • Double seals – Timing of second aggregate application • Required surface temperatures • Age Hardening | ||
| Geometric Design | Rolt, J. | 2014 | It has been suggested that the road width standards that have been proposed are too generous for LVRs | |||
| Unpaved Roads | Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | South African study • 1982 – 1988 • 93 sections in old Transvaal (Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo and North West) and 17 in Namibia • Climatic zones N 10 • 6 material groups • 2 traffic categories Should cover all eventualities (in any country) | |||
| AFCAP: An introduction to the African Community Access Programme | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Porter, R. | 2014 | • Established 2008, finishes June 2014 • DFID-funded, currently managed by Crown Agents • Focus on promoting safe and sustainable access to markets, healthcare, education, employment, social and political networks for rural communities in Africa • Supports research and knowledge sharing to enhance the uptake of low cost, proven solutions for rural access that maximise the use of local resources 2 foci: engineering + transport services • Ongoing/recent work in Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan • A new 6-year AFCAP/ASCAP to follow | ||
| Verification of Specifications for the use of laterite in road pavements | Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | OBJECTIVES • Raise awareness of the existence of the performance-based specifications that have been developed specifically for the use of laterites in road construction in such countries as Angola, Brazil and Australia. • Highlight the fact that such specifications are quite different to the more traditional ones that are still used in a number of countries in Africa, as a result of which unnecessary recourse is often made to the relatively expensive stabilization of these local materials for use in low volume roads (LVRs). • Review existing specifications for the use of laterites in LVR construction based on the most recent/relevant documentation on the subject. | |||
| People With Reduced Mobility | National Institute of Transport, Dar es Salaam | Lushakuzi, S | 2014 | Contents • 1.0 Introduction • 2.0 The main objective of the conversation • 3.0 Challenges facing people with reduced mobility in sub-saharan africa • 4.0 The role of NIT in addressing barriers to effective transport • 5.0 Lindi Motorcycle (Bodaboda) Riding Course Experience • 5.1 Motorcyclist training phase I • 5.2 Motorcyclist training phase II • 5.3 Module taught • 6.0 Conclusion | ||
| Otta Seal Terminology | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A. | 2014 | 1 Introduction There is confusion between the definition of an Otta Seal (using specifically 16 mm down aggregate) and other graded seals. Is it possible to standardise terminology and if so what should we use? Can we refer to everything as “graded seals” or is “Otta Seal” too well-entrenched in our vocabulary? 2 Cause for concern arises from: • Instances where 9.5-0mm aggregate used and labelled “Otta Seal” . The user did not conduct any sieve analysis • Instances where aggregates of unknown grading used and labelled “Otta Seal”. No sieve analysis results • The same size of single-sized aggregate over-applied for first and second seal and termed “Otta Seal” | ||
| Technical Assistance to PMO-RALG to Develop Road Research Capacity in Dodoma | Extension Activities Report | Cardno IT Transport; TRL Ltd. | Head, M.;Greening, T. | 2014 | AFCAP is providing TA assistance to the Infrastructure Development Unit in PMO-RALG of the Government of Tanzania, to achieve its objective of setting up a District Road Research Centre (DRRC) in Dodoma. This report gives details of the activities undertaken in a short extension to the project to provide assistance in promoting the initial procedures required in setting up the DRRC including provision of a materials laboratory, funding priority projects, establishing a Technical Committee and recruiting staff. | |
| Infrastructural/Engineering Challenges that Impede Accessibility and Mobility | to Access Public Services Including Health in Rural Areas | Awadh, A. | 2014 | The Problem •Many of the rural tertiary and access routes in developing countries may be only to earth road standard and impassable or difficult to pass at many times of the year; often when harvests need to be transported, or when somebody needs medical attention! •The results can be community isolation from services and markets, high transport costs, spoilt crops, retarded development, deprivation and poverty. •There is a proven link between Poor Access and Rural Poverty. | ||
| Density Measurement: Issues and Concerns | Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | Outline of presentation Importance of Compaction Control Methods of Compaction Control -Advantages/Disadvantages Issues and Concerns | |||
| Thin AC Surfacings | Rolt, J. | 2014 | Potential Problems • A flexible AC will be prone to deformation • In the UK the most popular surfacing was a gap graded asphalt (Hot Rolled Asphalt) • It was very successful but for hot tropical environments it was thought that it would easily deform • TRL showed that it could be designed to have good deformation properties and • It was more tolerant of construction errors than AC. | |||
| Introduction to the DCP Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | To be added | |||
| Specifications and Design Manuals Workshop | Issues and Concerns | Sampson, L. | 2014 | • Issues and concerns based on feedback and comments since 2009 - Workshops & Peer Group meetings - Reviews and use in practice - General issues pre-2002 - Ad hoc comments • 2002 specifications - ASTM/AASHTO v BS v other - Move to African-specific specifications - SATCC specs (based on COLTO) - ORNs v TRHs • Specs completed to a point - Consistency - Consolidation of best practice • Programme structure | ||
| Aggregate hardness/strength | Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | - The Treton Impact Value test was developed in the 1950s in SA - Simple equipment can be constructed in a laboratory - Almost indestructible – nothing to go wrong - Was used to differentiate between materials that break down under traffic and materials that will not break under a grid roller (or traffic) for unpaved roads. - Used instead of AIV because of caking effect of softer materials (Treton > 65) - Modified AIV was not really standard at the time | |||
| Aggregate durability | Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | Is aggregate durability a problem in low volume roads ? 1. We don't (or seldom) use aggregate -0 normally natural gravels 2. Degradation is already well-advanced. 3. Additional deterioration appears to have little effect The SA LVR investigation showed no correlation between durability (DMI) and long-term performance (DMI from 0 – 1356) | |||
| Wearing Course Specifications (Gravel) | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2014 | Performance of wearing course – What is important? • Grading – fine and coarse • PI – quality of clay • PP (Plasticity Product) = PI x P(Subscript: 0.075) • Gravel matrix (Grading) and binder (PP) • Research work carried out in Mozambique, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Lesotho and Uganda | ||
| Subgrade Strength Considerations in Pavement Design (in-situ vs laboratory) | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2014 | Issue: Subgrade strength is a key component of pavement design. Is it the in-situ strength or laboratory strength which should be considered for design and why? • DCP-DN or CBR for upgrading unpaved to paved roads • DCP-DN or CBR for new construction and unconsolidated roads • How appropriate are these approaches for the different circumstances faced by the engineers involved in road provision? | ||
| LVR Geometric design & Road Width | Hongve, J. | 2014 | Discussion points: – LVR standards – fit for purpose? – Upgrading costs – Traffic / accommodation of road users – Pavement performance | |||
| AFCAP Overview | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. | 2014 | What is AFCAP? • Knowledge and research programme for the rural transport sector in Africa. • June 2008 to 2020. • DFID budget £32 million (low cost high impact). • Management contract: • Crown Agents for Phase 1 • Cardno/ITT for Phase 2 . • 15 African countries directly benefitting. | ||
| Emergency Transport Workshop | TRANSAID | 2014 | This final report summarises the preparation activities, discussions, outcomes and conclusions from a two day emergency transport workshop held in Dar es Salaam in March 2014. This workshop brought together ambulance service practitioners and key emergency transport stakeholders from over ten different countries to discuss and explore how to improve emergency transport for health across sub- Saharan Africa. This was a unique opportunity for emergency transport stakeholders to meet and exchange ideas and approaches, which has resulted in discussions about exciting future collaborative work. The workshop saw a call for more effective dissemination of information about best practice for ambulance services, which has resulted in a webpage being created to share material relating to emergency transport best practice. There was also an overall recognition that there are many different components of an ambulance service and that the best mode of transport and best method of care delivery always depends on the context of the situation and the vehicle must match the specifications of the role that it plays. The workshop saw an enthusiasm for innovative solutions to emergency transport issues and a number of successful examples of the use of Intermediate Modes of Transport and lively discussions on the role of motorcycles and motorcycle ambulances and the role of transport, technology and communication. The workshop also provided a platform for a number of interesting case studies where ambulance services have been set up through successful public-private partnerships. This final report summarises the case studies presented at the workshop, reports on emerging themes, direct outcomes and next steps. | |||
| Training Services on the Use of the DCP Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads in Kenya | Training Report - Final | Cardno IT Transport | Hongve, J.;Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | Training in the DCP Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads was carried out successfully in the period 22 January to 7 February, 2014 for a total of 65 participants from various roads agencies and other organisations in Kenya as well as 3 engineers from Tanzania who had been invited by AFCAP. The training entailed three days of field training in the use of the DCP equipment for data collection and three classroom courses for Senior Management, Designers / Practitioners and Technicians in the design principles for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) and the use of the DCP software for data analysis and design. The DCP-DN design method differs in a number of respects form the more traditional CBR based pavement design methods and provides the scope for attaining more economical designs of LVSRs. This is achieved by ensuring that the design is carried out in an “environmentally optimized manner” whereby optimum is made of the local materials and the pavement design is matched to the road environment at a local level. When judiciously applied, the DCP-DN design method will produce LVSRs that are “fit for purpose” and facilitate access provision in the most economical manner. These design concepts were discussed at length during the training so as to engender a thorough understanding by the trainees. The trainees that attended the courses have reached an intermediate competency level. More training is needed for them to reach advance level when they will be able to undertake with confidence a full scale design on their own. It is recommended that advanced training courses should be planned for the near future in order to build and sustain the momentum created by the training intermediate level courses. Four trial projects designed by the DCP Method are currently being constructed in Central Province. It is recommended that more demonstration sections be constructed adjacent to sections designed by traditional methods for monitoring and confidence building before it is applied full scale and adopted in national standards.as an alternative method of design. | |
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Improving the performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete through Refusal Density Design: Design and Construction Report | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Rolt, J. | 2014 | To be provided by TRL | |
| Rural Logistics for Smallholder Farmers to Meet New Agricultural Market Demands | Media Book-Launch Report | Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies (KENDAT);IFRTD;TCP International | 2014 | This report presents the media breakfast launch of the two end user books on Horticultural Value Chains. The books are informed by the study findings and have been designed to create understanding on the challenges that face the smallholder horticultural practitioner across the value chain, while presenting best practices and practical solutions to the challenges. The Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, National Government was represented by Ms. Anne Onyango, the Agriculture Secretary. A total of seventy invitations were sent out. The event was graced by thirty nine invitees drawn from different organisations | ||
| Agriculture Value Chains | From Farm to Market | Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies (KENDAT); International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD); TCP; Nairobi University | Kaumbutho, P.;Murithi, E.;Njenga, P.;Sieber, N.;Mbathi, M. | 2014 | OVERVIEW Four horticultural value chains were studied in this project. They typify the various categories of agribusiness players in the chain and include the following: 1. The local national market trader targeting produce from smallholder farmers mostly in amorphous individual or group farming entities, purchasing directly or through a range of farm level brokers. This trader sells the produce at congested urban and peri-urban formal or informal markets, normally through market-end brokers. 2. The local national market trader producing from individually owned farms and buying from contracted or non-contracted out-growers and selling to local supermarkets or local processing factories. Such traders have their own or hired transport fleet serving the market directly or through medium scale cold rooms for short term storage. The particular companies studied had ventured into post-harvest value-addition in form of banana ripening plant. The factories studied were serving local or international markets. 3. Upcoming exporters targeting international markets but not immune to the attractions of a less organized and controlled local market. The upcoming exporters studied had their own or hired transport delivering to rented Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA) cold-rooms and pack houses. 4. Established exporters producing from their own large-scale farms as well as out-growers, feeding climate-controlled produce assembly pack houses served by own or hired elaborate fleet of vehicles. In recent years and with increased urbanization, these companies have been attracted to the growing local market, led by a middle class that is sensitive to quality, sanitised and healthy nutritional supplies. This is the “one thousand word” story of the journey of horticultural produce, From Farm to Market. | |
| Chirdren Transport and Mobility | Sharing experiences of young researchers in Ghana, Malawi and South Africa | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | 2009 | This booklet was an outcome of 'Children, Transport and Mobility in Ghana, Malawi and South Africa', an ESRC-DFID-funded research project led by Gina Porter [Durham University]. Production and dissemination of the booklet was funded by AFCAP. The research study focused on three issues: 1. The mobility constraints faced by girls and boys in accessing health, education, markets and other facilities. 2. How these constraints impact on children's current and future livelihood opportunities, and 3. The lack of guidelines on how to tackle them. The principal project aim was to generate knowledge that can serve as evidence to help change transport policies and practices, especially where these have impact on the educational and health opportunities for children and young people. The project used an innovative two-strand child-centred methodology, involving both adult and young researchers. In addition to a more conventional interview-based study with children, parents, teachers, health workers, community leaders and other key informants, conducted by the academic researchers and their adult research assistants, there was a complementary component of research conducted by young researchers (facilitated by adults). This booklet focuses on the latter by sharing the experiences of the 70 young researchers involved in the research [33 are girls, 37 boys]. | ||
| Session 7.4: | Communicating Research Findings | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Plenary Discussion 1. What are key issues on rural transport services that have been highlighted from the course? 2. How do we communicate these key issues (and solutions) and to whom? 3. How can we ensure the outcomes of research have maximum impact on poverty reduction? | |
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | Overview of four research projects carried out by the Research and Development Directorate of Ethiopian Roads Authority | TRL Ltd. | Greening, T. | 2014 | The main objective of this report is to present an overview of the provision of the demonstration/research trials with particular reference given to the activities undertaken, the likely research outcomes together with outcomes to date. Sections on the constraints and difficulties encountered and recommendations are also included, which should provide guidance for conducting similar research in the future. Full details of the design and construction and monitoring of the trial sections have been reported previously and readers interested in the detailed technical aspects of the projects should refer to these reports. The reports included in the Reference Section of this report can also be accessed on the AFCAP website. A brief summary of each of the four projects is presented under the following headings: • Research objectives • Location, design and methodology • Problems/constraints • Outcomes to date • Recommendations A brief section on the additional activities undertaken to support the research programme is also included together with overall conclusions and recommendations. | |
| Session 7.3: | Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning in Malawi | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Presentation Outline • Background of the Local Level Planning using IRAP Interfaced with GIS Maps. • Existing District Planning System – Malawi case • IRAP Planning Tool • Integration with GIS Maps • Development of SEP and DDP • Conclusion | |
| Session 2.2: | Equality of Access to Transport Services | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 What is equality of access? 2 Gender and transport 3 Transport services and health 4 Emergency transport systems 5 Transport for children and young people 6 Transport for people with disabilities and elderly | |
| Session 7.2: Notes | Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Things to consider 2. Sampling 3. Sample size 4. Data sources 5. Data collection 6. Questionnaire Design 7. Weighting the sample Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Understand how to define the research question and hypotheses - Be able to identify a population sample and remove bias from the sample - Know how to undertake data collection by questionnaire survey - Be able to design the following types of survey: o Key informant questionnaire o Household questionnaire o Transport operator questionnaire o Travel diary - Weight the sample to redistribute the population of respondents more appropriately - Understand ethical considerations of undertaking research with human participants | |
| Session 7.2 | Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Things to consider 2 Sampling 3 Sample size 4 Data Sources 5 Data collection 6 Questionnaire Design 7 Weighting the sample | |
| Session 7.1: | Traffic Counts, Origin-Destination Surveys and Other Approaches | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Why do we need traffic surveys? 2 Traffic counting 3 Origin-destination surveys 4 Rural transport hubs and spokes | |
| Session 7.1: Traffic Survey Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various methods used in traffic surveys: - Methods for counting rural traffic in developing countries - Vehicle classification charts - Traffic count forms - Origin-Destination forms | ||
| Session 7.1: Notes | Traffic Counts, Origin-Destination Surveys and other Approaches | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Why do we need traffic surveys? 2. Traffic counting 3. Origin-destination surveys 4. Rural transport hubs and spokes model Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Understand why traffic surveys can be important in transport research - Understand the principles of undertaking manual classified traffic counts - Know what an origin-destination survey is and what information it will provide - Be familiar with the rapid assessment of rural transport services methodology involving an appreciation of transport corridors, hubs and spokes - Know about the latest research in developing appropriate rural transport service indicators based on the rapid assessment method | |
| Session 6.5: Notes | Fieldwork Exercise | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Introduction: The purpose of this fieldwork exercise is to practise some qualitative data collection which will highlight the importance of effective research design and the use of pilot surveys before undertaking a full scale data collection exercise. The process of undertaking mapping, mobility charts and checklist interviews have been discussed in Session 6.3: Qualitative Research Methods and Participatory Approaches. These are popular approaches to use with participants because they do not require any numeracy, and only limited literacy. The intention for this fieldwork exercise is to facilitate discussion amongst a community group on the location and importance of different resources within the community, and the utility of different modes of transport service in relation to cost, trip duration and effectiveness under different seasonal weather conditions. | |
| Session 6.4: | Framework Method of Qualitative Data Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Organising qualitative data 2 The framework approach 3 Identifying themes 4 Interpreting trends and patterns 5 Triangulation and validity | |
| Session 6.4: Notes | Qualitative Data Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Organising qualitative data 2. The framework approach 3. Identifying themes 4. Interpreting trends and patterns 5. Triangulation and validity Learning Objective After completing this session, you will be able to: - Record qualitative data from participatory appraisal exercises, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews in a systematic and meaningful way - Draw out themes and concepts using a framework approach that enables comprehensive analysis of qualitative datasets | |
| Session 6.3 | Qualitative Research Methods and Participatory Approaches | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Observation 2 Semi-structured checklist interviews 3 Introduction to participatory approaches 4 Core concepts and principles 5 Transect walk 6 Diagramming techniques 7 Ranking and scoring techniques 8 Lessons for undertaking participatory approaches | |
| Session 6.3: Checklist Interview Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various samples of semi-structured checklist interview: Settlement leaders Health workers Teachers Market traders Transport operators Local residents | ||
| Session 6.3: Notes | Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Semi-structured checklist interviews 2. Introduction to participatory approaches 3. Core concepts and principles 4. Participatory appraisal techniques 5. Lessons for undertaking participatory appraisal Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Be able to identify and utilise different participatory techniques - Understand and assess the best circumstances in which to use participatory techniques - Appreciate the role of participatory techniques in undertaking transport research - Be conversant with the features and benefits of semi-structured checklist interviews and how they can be used to consult with various stakeholder groups and key informants. | |
| Session 6.2: Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Why Research and Pre-requisites for doing research 2 Steps in the Research Process 3 Research Design => Strategies of Inquiry 4 Structure of an Empirical Research Paper 5 Ethical Considerations 6 Some Useful Tips in Research | ||
| Session 6.1 Road Safety Issues in Malawi | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Introduction 2 Road accident statistics 3 Causes of accidents 4 Effects of road accidents 5 Interventions for improved road safety 6 Conclusions | ||
| Session 6.1: Notes | Road Safety Issues in Malawi | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Road safety Learning Objective This session provides an overview of the global road safety issue, including statistics from Sub-Saharan Africa and Malawi in particular. | |
| Session 5.1: Conducting Stakeholder Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Identifying stakeholders in transport research 2 Undertaking stakeholder analysis 3 Community consensus building 4 Role play exercise | ||
| Session 5.1: Practical Exercise - Role-Play on Rural Transport Planning | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The Scenario: The district (lowest local government unit) is making its transport plan. The district planner has called a village assembly comprising all stakeholders of one village in the district. The goal of the meeting is to carry out a rural participatory appraisal of the transport demands and discuss options for improving transport services, IMTs and village infrastructure. The following persons participate at the meeting: 1. Chairman: District Planner 2. Honourable Guest: Member of Parliament representing the District 3. World Bank Representative 4. Transport Service Operator 5. Extension Worker 6. Local Shop Keeper 7. Female Trader 8. Male Commercial Farmer 9. Young Rural Male 10. Old Rural Male 11. Female Single Household Farmer | ||
| Session 5.1: Notes | Conducting Stakeholder Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Identifying the stakeholders in transport research 2. Undertaking stakeholder analysis 3. Community consensus building 4. Role play exercise (refer to document ‘Session 5.1: Role Play Exercise') Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Be able to identify the key stakeholders of rural transport including direct and indirect transport users, transport facilitators and providers and other key community groups and decision makers - Have explored the key forms of stakeholder consultation and main categories of survey instrument - Identify where consensus building and conflict management is necessary for community sensitisation. | |
| Session 4.2: Notes | The Role of Government in Transport Services | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. The Preparation and Formulation of Rural Transport Policy 2. Promoting Rural Transport Services Learning Objective The purpose of this Session is to provide an overview of the development of Rural Transport Policy together with an examination of how Government can promote rural transport services. For the development of Rural Transport Policy the Notes include a general introduction to the issue, together with a case study from Malawi. | |
| Session 4.2 The Role of Government in Transport Service Provision | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 The Context 2 The Formulation of Transport Policy 3 The Role of Central & Local Government 4 Reducing the Burden of Transport at Village Level 5 Improving Mobility through Promoting IMTs 6 Tools For Improving Transport Services 7 Providing & Maintaining Infrastructure 8 Cross-Sectoral Interventions | ||
| Session 4.1: The Role of Rural Transport Infrastructure | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Infrastructure- Problems, Ownership, Performance 2 Rural Access Index 3 Planning, Benefits & Impact 4 Appropriate Solutions, & Standards 5 Low Volume Sealed Roads & Basic Access 6 Road Maintenance 7 Finance & Resources | ||
| Session 3.2: Transport Fares and Costs | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Background 2 Different Modes of Transport 3 Modelling Vehicle Operating Costs 4 Cost Comparisons Between Africa & Asia 5 Reasons for High Costs in Africa 6 Factors behind low costs in Pakistan 7 Importance of Density of Demand | ||
| Session 4.1: Notes | The Role of Rural Infrastructure | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Rural Access Index 2. The Appraisal of Social and Economic Benefits 3. Impact of Rural Road Investment 4. The Design of Rural Transport Infrastructure 5. Financing Rural Infrastructure Learning Objective The purpose of this session is to provide an overview of the role of rural infrastructure and its relationship to both transport services and economic and social development. In addition the design and financing of infrastructure are considered. | |
| Session 3.2: Notes | Transport Fares and Costs | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Different Modes of Transport 2. Modelling Vehicle Operating Costs in Relation to Road Characteristics 3. Cost Comparisons Between Africa and Asia 4. Reasons Behind High Costs in Africa and Low Costs in Pakistan Learning Objective In order to break the cycle of poverty it is necessary to reduce transport fares and costs. The session covers the three key issues relating to transport fares and costs: a) The mode of transport b) Road characteristics and the way they relate to vehicle operating costs c) Transport operational issues that are manifest in terms of how transport costs between Africa and Asia compare It is important to understand how each of these three issues determine transport fares costs and how changes may help to reduce transport fares and costs in the long run. | |
| Session 3.1 Transport Operations | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Introduction 2 Transport Quality 3 Ghana Case Study 4 Comparison of Operations in Cameroon 5 Mali Case Study 6 Boda Boda Operations in East Africa 7 Use of IMTs in Sri Lanka | ||
| Session 3.1: Notes | Transport Operations | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Logistics Performance Index 2. Ghana Case Study 3. Comparison of Operations in Cameroon 4. Mali Case Study 5. Boda Boda Operations in East Africa 6. Use of IMTs in Sri Lanka Learning Objective The focus of this session is on the nature Transport Operations in different countries. The session starts with briefly considering the Logistics Performance Index before looking in detail at five different case studies. The first three case studies (Ghana, Cameroon and Mali) consider the organisation of conventional transport services and how they are affected by operator associations. The last two case studies consider the role of IMT operations, cycles and motorcycles in East Africa and the use of a broad range of IMTs in Sri Lanka. | |
| Session 2.2: Notes | Equality of Access to Transport Services | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. What is equality of access? 2. Gender and transport 3. Maternal healthcare 4. Emergency transport systems (ETS) 5. Transport for children and young people 6. Transport for disabled people and the elderly Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Gain an appreciation of what equality of access means and why inequalities in access to transport services exist in Sub-Saharan Africa - Better understand the differences in transport service provision between women and men - Understand the importance of transport and mobility in women's access to maternal healthcare, and in reducing maternal mortality - Have learnt more about emergency transport systems and rural ambulance services - Recognise the travel and transport characteristics of children and young people, the disabled and elderly. | |
| Session 2.1: Notes | Accessibility and Mobility Needs and Constraints | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Access and mobility: some definitions 2. The role of transport in poverty reduction 3. Access needs and constraints of the rural poor 4. Transport services and sustainable livelihoods 5. Social trip-making Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Have a better understanding of how transport and access issues are connected to the various dimensions of poverty (for instance isolation and remoteness) and related to personal trip-making - Better understand how the lack of appropriate and affordable means of transport, remoteness and physical isolation from basic services affects different population groups - Appreciate the influence of travel and transport on improving sustainable livelihoods among the rural poor - Learn about the impact of trip-making on maintenance of social capital assets. | |
| Session 2.1: Handout | Possible Transport Indicators for Social Benefits | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents: Increased access to education services Increased access and use of health services Greater access to income and marketing opportunities Improved transport and mobility services Enhanced social networks and improved social capital | |
| Session 2.1: Accessibility and Mobility Needs and Constraints | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 The role of transport in poverty reduction 2 Access needs and constraints of the rural poor 3 Transport services and sustainable livelihoods 4 Social trip-making | ||
| Session 1.4: Notes | Matching Demand with Supply in Rural Transport | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Demand and supply 2. Markets and storage 3. Mobile phones and access Learning Objective This session describes the importance of the density of demand to the efficient operation of rural transport systems and how this effects vehicle choice. The greater the size and density of demand, the greater range of loads, distances, route patterns and types of vehicle service. In this variable environment there is a greater possibility to sustain a competitive transport system that will encourage a wide range of vehicle types. - In areas of low density of demand it is possible to undertake certain interventions to maximise the effective demand for transport services - To maximise demand it is necessary to look at the wider environment in which transport operates, particularly agricultural marketing - Existing and new communications technologies may have a role in improving the efficiency of rural transport systems and in some cases taking away the need to travel. | |
| Welcome and Course Introduction | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Transport Services Training Course The objective of the course is to: • Provide basic knowledge on key rural transport service issues • Enable and develop the skills of those who work in transport sector research • Encourage new entrants into transport services sector • Utilise these skills to inform policy and technical decision-making for access in rural Africa • Equip participants to undertake more effective transport services research and provide more accurate data for decision-makers | ||
| Mobility Constraints of PWDs to Access Services | Action on Disability and Development (ADD International) | Mzee, S. | 2014 | BACKGROUND INFORMATION •A Decade ago WHO estimated that on average 10% of any population are PWDs •1n 2011 WHO in its “World Report on Disability” estimated that on average 15% of any population are PWDs •In Tanzania, disability is more prevalent in the Mainland (13.3%) than in Zanzibar (9.3%) [source: NBS, 2008-National Disability Survey] | ||
| Preparatory Activities for Transformation of the Kenyan MTRD into a Transport Research Centre | Cardno IT Transport | Head, M. | 2013 | AFCAP has been asked by the Materials Testing and Research Department (MTRD) of the newly-formed Transport and Infrastructure Ministry to support the further development of the framework for their transformation to a Transport Research Centre; and priority activities based on their mandate and the Strategic Plan (AFCAP Report on Development of Low Volume Roads Research Capacity in Kenya, March 2013), prepared under AFCAP/KEN/089G activities. This project is an extension to that work and is referred to as PHASE 1. | ||
| Session 1.4 Matching Demand with Supply in Rural Transport | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 How do we Match Supply and Demand? 2 Density of Demand 3 Where is the Supply? 4 Marketing and Storage 5 Transport Brokers and Empty Running 6 Network Interconnectivity 7 Communications 8 Complementary Investments | ||
| Session 1.3 Role of Transport Services to Support Agriculture | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Marketing Chains 2 The First Mile 3 Impassability & Rough Roads 4 Extension & Credit 5 Efficiency of Transport & Marketing System 6 Introducing IMTs 7 New Markets and Modern Logistics | ||
| Session 1.3: Notes | Role of Transport Services to Support Agriculture | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Marketing chains 2. Access to credit 3. Transport costs 4. Intermediate means of transport 5. Logistics and food transport Learning Objective The session covers the main issues relating to how rural transport interacts with and affects agriculture. Agricultural marketing is a key driver of the development of agriculture and transport issues cannot be properly discussed without understanding the agricultural marketing context. For this reason an emphasis is placed on marketing. Traditional agricultural marketing is discussed in the first half of the Session. The last section looks at the development of modern supply chain management for marketing high value perishable commodities. | |
| Session 1.2 Personal Mobility, Trip Purpose and the Transport Burden | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | This session describes the results of a range of studies into rural based travel and transport behaviour. The following is considered: - The transport burden (particularly falling on women) carried out within the immediate locality of the village - An analysis of longer distance travel, looking at trip frequency, journey purpose, modal composition - An examination of repeat travel surveys carried out in the Meru district of Kenya. | ||
| Session 1.2: Notes | Personal Mobility, Trip Purpose and the Transport Burden | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Village transport 2. Out of village trip purpose 3. Thuchi-Nkubu case study Learning Objective The session covers both travel within the village and longer distance travel, this includes the transport burden taking place within the village together with longer distance travel frequency, journey purpose and modal composition. Case study material from Mekete district in Tanzania and Meru district in Kenya is presented. | |
| Session 1.1: Notes | Overview of the Rural Transport System and the Role of Transport Services | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. The role of transport services 2. The rural transport system Learning Objective This is an introductory session to the course. The session sets the scene and provides an and introduces the participants to the main components of rural transport and to many of the main issues that will be discussed in greater detail later on. During this session it is hoped that the participants will introduce themselves and discuss their interests and concerns with rural transport. | |
| Translating Knowledge into Policy and Practice on Transport Management in Zanzibar | TRANSAID | 2014 | This report summarises the assistance provided to the MoH in Zanzibar to improve Transport Management Systems in May and June 2014. The support was made possible by UKaid through the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) which is managed by Crown Agents. AFCAP has being leading in the effort to develop a better evidence base for understanding the important role that transport plays in rural health service delivery. It has also been keen to ensure that research gets into practice and supported a successful conference on ambulances and emergency transport for health in Tanzania in March 2014 which shared leading research with a wide range of practitioners. Following the workshop AFCAP was able to support three important follow on activities which responded to issues raised by participants at the workshop and that would all help further AFCAP's mission of taking evidence and knowledge of what works into practice. This report focuses on the follow on activity which took place in collaboration with the MoH in Zanzibar. Responding to a capacity building request, 12 MoH participants received transport management training in May 2014. In addition a situational analysis was also conducted on both Pemba and Unguja islands and an action plan was collaboratively developed to address key challenges identified. The key recommendations were presented to the MoH Senior Management Team for discussion to seek their support. The recommendations were practical in nature. Key issues were discussed to seek consensus for adoption as policy guidelines. A detailed action plan was also developed. The overall aim of these activities was to build the capacity of the MoH in transport management and to provide them with the skills, tools and motivation to implement changes that will lead to a safer and more efficient fleet which in turn should lead to improved health outcomes.. | |||
| Translating Knowledge into Policy and Practice on Emergency Intermediate Modes of Transport in Madagascar | TRANSAID | 2014 | Report Summary This report summarises the key preparation activities, desk research, training overview and recommendations from a five day workshop on Emergency Intermediate Modes of Transport (IMT) Design held in June in Antsirabe, Madagascar. This workshop was facilitated by two expert appropriate technology design consultants and the participants included transport technicians, trainers and engineers. The workshop addressed three main topics; quality of production, accurate construction of the bicycle ambulance design and design modifications, including design flaws with the current wheeled stretcher design. It aimed to address the need for ensuring that IMT designs are fit for purpose and that communities and local partners have an input into their design. This report also provides an overview of projects working to develop appropriate technology for IMTs (particularly those used in medical emergencies). A number of key recommendations were highlighted, including the importance of considering culture in addition to functionality, ensuring that you start with simple designs and the value of using locally available materials and testing prototypes before scaling up production. The workshop resulted in the development and production of a new wheeled stretcher design. This report also identifies a number of practical next steps as a result of this workshop as well as two key areas for improvement, namely, the need to have a multidisciplinary team working together and the importance of documenting designs and making them open-sourced. | |||
| Ghana Health Service Transport Management System Training | TRANSAID | 2014 | Report Summary This final report summarises the preparation activities, the content of the training, and the conclusions and recommendations that emerged from a 4 day training workshop held in Accra, Ghana in May 2014. Funded by UKaid through the Africa Community Access Programme, the training workshop was organised by Transaid and the Ghana Health Service (GHS) and brought together GHS Transport Managers representing all of Ghana's 10 regions as well as participants from wider organisations with a role in transport management. This workshop provided participants with a unique opportunity to share and exchange varied experiences and improve on existing transport management practices. The training was designed according to the stated priorities given by the GHS with a view to building capacity and making maximum use of the full 4 days' worth of training. The training revealed a growing appetite amongst Transport Managers for training opportunities with participants showing a particular desire to cascade the knowledge that they learnt during the training workshop to their colleagues and respective staff teams. The workshop proposed the implementation of a number of systems to improve the effectiveness of transport management, and linked to this, a number of recommendations have emerged and are noted in this report. | |||
| Guide for the Use of Sand in Road Construction in the SADC Region | Pinard, M. I.;Paige-Green, P.;Mukura, K.;Bofinger, H.;Motswagole, K.;Netterberg, F. | 2014 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Part) Sand is abundantly available in many countries in Africa and elsewhere in the world. However, very few of the pavement and material design guides currently in use worldwide cater for the use of this non-traditional material in its untreated state in the structural pavement layers, despite many instances of its good performance in low volume roads. This is the case largely because of an apparent lack of understanding of the characteristics and properties of sand, coupled with lack of compliance with conventional specifications – factors that have suppressed the more wide-spread use of this ubiquitous material in road pavement construction. This experience provided a strong motivation for the Association of Southern African National Roads Agencies (ASANRA) to initiate the development of a Guide on the Use of Sand in Road Construction in the SADC Region. In view of the above, wide-ranging investigations were undertaken of a large number of sand samples that were obtained both from existing roads and naturally occurring sand deposits located in Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa. These samples are considered to be representative of the wide range of sand types that occur in the southern African region and probably elsewhere in Africa. The objective of the investigations was primarily to ascertain the physical, mineralogical and engineering properties of a wide range of sands that could influence their performance in road pavements. On this basis, those sand properties that discriminate between good and poor performance could be isolated and included in appropriate specifications for selecting specific material types for use in road pavement construction. This, in turn, would lead to more wide-spread use of sand and the lowering of the overall cost of road construction.. | |||
| Research Consultancy Services for the Development of Guidelines on the Use of Sand in Road Construction | Phase 2: Additional Investigations – Final Report | Pinard, M. I.;Netterberg, F.;Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | Report Summary (Part) The main purpose of the project is to reduce the cost of low volume road construction in the SADC region by utilising naturally occurring sands to the maximum extent possible. To this end, Phase 1 of the project was undertaken between February 2012 and March 2013, and led to the provision of guidance on methods of prospecting for, screening (based on the use of the Wylde Chart), and testing of sands to ascertain their suitability for use as neat basecourse in the construction of low volume roads. By way of review, the outcome of the Botswana guideline work (Botswana Roads Department, 2010), and later experience and investigations into the use of sands (Phase 1), seemed to show that: - The redder sands performed better in road layers than the lighter sands. - The redder sands contained relatively high iron contents. - The performance of the sands was related to their grading, in that materials with a wider grading (higher standard deviation of particle size in 0 units) performed better. However, notwithstanding the above findings, other experiences in Botswana and Mozambique showed that some of the lighter sands also became very hard in road layers (mostly as subbases). Thus, one of the main objectives of Phase 2 of the project was to investigate the apparent relationship between the colour of the sands and their performance. Accordingly, Phase 2 looked specifically at the selection criteria for using sands in road construction, specifically as base course materials. | ||
| Development of Pavement Design Standards for Low Volume Roads in Ethiopia | A Guideline for the establishment and monitoring of sections on the road network to measure Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) | TRL Ltd. | Otto, A.;Greening, P.;Endale, A. | 2014 | Objective of this document: The main objective of this document is to provide a guideline for the establishment of experimental sections constructed on the road network as part of research-related initiatives, and monitoring of the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP). The document may also be used for short-term monitoring of research sections set-up for certain specific objectives. Examples of typical forms used for logging the information collected on site are given in the appendices to this report. However, it should be noted that the layout of the forms and the format of the data collected for similar measurements can differ between countries. | |
| Mozambique RRIP/AFCAP LVRs Research – Key Findings and Outcomes (TRL/ANE) | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2014 | Introduction 1. Low cost sealing of rural roads is crucial for the sustainability of the rural road network of Zambia - Research is key to development of best practice. 2. Zambia has locally available natural road building materials which do not meet conventional specifications (i.e. marginal materials) – How can we make them work? 3. Surfacing of roads adds value, protects road investment and minimises maintenance demand – How can we minimise costs and prolong the service life of low volume roads? Doing more for less!!!! | ||
| Seminar to Update the Zambia Road Development Agency and other Stakeholders in Zambia | on the outputs of the Africa Community Access Programme (Phase 1) | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Leta, N. | 2014 | Report Summary A large proportion of the Zambia road network is unpaved. With growing traffic levels there is need to consider sustainable low cost sealing technology. AFCAP management was invited by the Zambia Government to share AFCAP research findings on design standards for pavements and surfacings for low volume sealed roads. This was achieved through a half-day meeting held in Lusaka on 19th of June 2014 and hosted by the Zambia Road Development Agency. The objective of the seminar was to share key findings of AFCAP research with road sector agencies and other stakeholders in Zambia. In line with the Government's long term strategic policies, the Road Development Agency recently created a Research and Development Unit to conduct research in transportation and highway engineering. In order to enhance research in the sector, the Road Development Agency intends to create linkages with both local and international research institutions. | |
| Rural Transport Health and Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa | AlabamaU; Norwich University; Community Technical Resources, USA | Jones, S.;Tedla, E.;Zephania, S.;Appiah-Opoku, S.;Tefe, M.;Walsh, J. | 2014 | Executive Summary (Part) The recent Global Burden of Disease – Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Edition report noted that sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has made progress in improving public health (reduced mortality and extended life expectancy) since 1970. Nonetheless, certain trends such as the increase in motorised travel, especially at higher speeds, have resulted in increased injuries and fatalities resulting from road crashes. Air pollution and the negative health outcomes associated with it (e.g., heart disease, stroke, COPD, lung cancer, lower respiratory infections) remain a burden. In early 2014, the Institute for Health Measurement (IHME) in conjunction with the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report entitled Transport for Health. This landmark report represented the first attempt at linking the two major negative health impacts associated with transport: injuries due to road crashes and diseases due to traffic-induced pollution. The Transport for Health report and other recent studies have explored these relationships in the context of SSA and admit that there are significant issues with data availability and quality that limit the development of effective solutions. For example, the report notes the widely understood fact that many road crashes in SSA go unreported. Further, when crash data is available, it may be inaccurate, incomplete, and ultimately uninformative with respect to understanding overall public health outcomes. Likewise, data on air pollution attributable to road transport in SSA is quite rare. Indeed, the Transport for Health report noted that considerable assumptions were necessary to even estimate relative urban versus rural proportions of air pollution. As a result, the report indicated that it likely underestimates the disease burden attributable to vehicle pollution, especially in rural areas. | ||
| Understanding Community Severance and its Impact on Women's Access and Mobility in African Countries | Literature Review | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Introduction Community severance, or the traffic barrier effect, is a well-established phenomenon of transport planning in developed countries where large or busy roads that pass through settlements can have the effect of driving a wedge through a community by limiting people's ability or desire to move through that area. This can reduce accessibility to key services and damage local social networks and community ‘cohesion'. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the community severance effects of high volume roads passing through communities on vulnerable people (women, young and elderly people) in both rural and urban settings have not been explored, and this is a vital area of research in understanding travel patterns and how planners can mitigate against these effects. The objective of this literature review is to define the concept of community severance for vulnerable people in Sub-Saharan Africa, explore how rural communities experience community severance and identify mitigation methods that can be used to alleviate community severance. New or existing transport schemes such as roads and railways can have detrimental social impacts on communities. Where an existing road has become busier over time the increased volume and speed of traffic may also create a real or perceived barrier to people in reaching important services and facilities. Transport infrastructure can impact on people's health and wellbeing by: Limiting access to key services (such as health, education, employment opportunities and markets for food) Limiting access to rural transport services Increasing the risk of road traffic accidents Reducing air quality and increasing dust particulates Increasing traffic noise Trip delay, trip diversion and trip suppression Three key severance effects have been identified (Social Exclusion Unit, 2003): 1. Physical barriers 2. Psychological or perceived barriers – i.e. perceived danger that prevents people from crossing the road 3. Social impacts – such as the disruption of community cohesion and inhibition of social interaction This report comprises a review of empirical research and theoretical literature defining and measuring community severance in developed and developing countries, and in particular the impacts on women and other vulnerable groups. | |
| Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique | Final Interim Report for Phase 2 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Antunes, M.;Mgangira, M.;Fortunato, E. | 2014 | This report summarises the outcomes of the initial phases in the establishment of the proposed Road Research Centre (RRC) for Mozambique. The objective of Phase 2A of this project was primarily to address institutional issues relating to the RRC, to draft a strategic research plan and to develop a 5-year business plan for the RRC. All these objectives have all been met and were presented at a final Stakeholder workshop held on 29 May 2014. The Road Research Technical Committee (RRTC) and Road Research Steering Committee (RRSC) have been established and each has met twice, during which important decisions relating to the establishment of the RRC have been discussed and approved. A strategic research programme has been proposed in the Road Research Strategic Plan, which demonstrates the intrinsic value of research, and in particular its ability to contribute to the creation of local capacity and the improvement of road engineering standards. Within this programme, various research projects have been identified and scoped such that there will be short term outputs as well as longer term projects. The outputs of the short term projects are planned to ensure that the RRC is shown during its early stages to be giving value for money and to initiate its credibility which will grow with time as the longer-term projects produce significant results. The Capacity Building and Skills Development Plan including measures and proposals for establishing and sustaining a strong SET base for the RRC have been proposed. As research is different from routine engineering, aspects related to the appointment and skills development of the proposed RRC staff complement have been identified. The actual staff requirements and processes for their appointment, training and further education are outlined in the relevant supporting documents and summarised in this report. A full business plan covering the proposed establishment of the RRC as well as the day to day operation has been developed and includes such aspects as management, control and monitoring of the RRC in order to ensure that it delivers value for money. The RRC is to be housed within DIMAN at ANE and will be located in Maputo at the ANE offices where it is in close proximity to the laboratory facilities at LEM as well as the local universities. Aspects such as facilities required, support services and other operational necessities are identified and discussed. A number of recommendations on the way forward are discussed. The process of setting up the necessary facilities for the RRC and recruiting and developing the initial staff to commence work on the first short to medium term projects, although comprising the majority of Phase 2B of the project, has been outlined and should be initiated as soon as possible, as was also recommended by the delegates who attended the Stakeholder Workshop on 29 May 2014. | |
| Estabelecimento de um Centro de Pesquisa Rodoviária em Moçambique | Relatório Intercalar para a Fase 2 | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil | Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Antunes, M.;Mgangira, M.;Fortunato, E. | 2014 | Resumo Este relatório resume os resultados das fases iniciais do estabelecimento do Centro de Pesquisa Rodoviária (CPR) proposto para Moçambique. O objectivo da Fase 2A deste projecto dirigiu-se, em primeiro lugar, às questões institucionais referentes ao CPR, ao projecto de um plano estratégico de pesquisa e ao desenvolvimento de um plano de actividades do CPR para 5 anos. Todos estes objectivos foram cumpridos e foram apresentados no Workshop final dirigido aos Stakeholders, que ocorreu a 29 de Maio de 2014. Foram estabelecidos o Comité Técnico de Pesquisa Rodoviária (CTPR) e o Comité de Orientação de Pesquisa Rodoviária (COPR), e cada um teve duas reuniões, durante as quais foram discutidas e aprovadas importantes decisões relativamente ao estabelecimento do CPR. No Plano Estratégico de Pesquisa Rodoviária foi proposto um programa de investigação estratégica, que demonstra o valor intrínseco da investigação e em particular a sua capacidade para contribuir para a capacitação local e para o melhoramento dos padrões da engenharia rodoviária. Dentro deste Programa foram identificados e analisados diversos projectos de pesquisa por forma a assegurar resultados a curto prazo bem como projectos a mais longo prazo. Os resultados dos projectos a curto prazo são planeados por forma a garantir que o investimento no CPR é justificado e para dar início à sua credibilidade, que deverá crescer com o tempo, à medida que os projectos a mais longo prazo produzam resultados significativos. O Plano de Capacitação e Desenvolvimento de Competências inclui medidas e propostas para o estabelecimento e sustentabilidade de uma base de CET forte para o CPR. As exigências actuais ao nível de pessoal e os procedimentos para a sua nomeação, formação e educação adicional estão definidos nos documentos de apoio relevantes e resumidos neste relatório. Um Plano de Actividades completo, que cobre a proposta de estabelecimento do CPR, bem como a sua actividade diária, foi desenvolvido e inclui aspectos como a gestão, o controlo e a monitorização do CPR, a fim de assegurar que este justifica o investimento. O CPR deverá ficar sediado na DIMAN da ANE e localizado em Maputo, nas instalações da ANE, próximo das instalações laboratoriais do LEM bem como das universidades locais. Aspectos como o das instalações necessárias, serviços de apoio e outras necessidades operacionais são identificados e discutidos. São ainda discutidas uma série de recomendações a considerar no futuro. O processo de criação das instalações necessárias para o CPR e de recrutamento e desenvolvimento da equipa inicial para começar a trabalhar nos primeiros projectos a curto e médio prazo, embora compreendendo a maior parte da Fase 2B do projecto, foi delineado e deverá ser iniciado o mais cedo possível, conforme também foi recomendado pelos participantes no Workshop direccionado aos Stakeholders, realizado em Maio de 2014. | |
| Introduction to the DCP Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | Purpose and Scope Provide overview of a new approach to the upgrading of unpaved roads to a paved standard using the DCP-DN design method. Presentation Outline Background •DCP Design Principles •DCP Design Method •Summary and Conclusions | ||
| Pilot Study on First Mile Transport Challenges in the Onion Small Holder Sector | International Forum for Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD) | Njenga, P.;Wahome, G.;Hine, J. | 2014 | This report contains the results of a small scale pilot study on the transport challenges confronted by small scale holder onion farmers in moving their produce between their farms and the roadside collection points. The study was carried out in Kieni area of Nyeri County, Kenya, in the months of April to June 2014. Onions are one of the various high value but perishable commodities being grown by small holders in the highland areas of Kenya. Roadside consolidation of produce into viable volumes requires a good local transport system and coordination with traders who collect produce for outward transport to the main markets. The transport chains in the commercial small holder sector in Kenya can be described using the following simplified structure: (1) A primary transport segment from the farm to a collection/consolidation point typically found at the key junctions of a motorable (low volume) road. Key actors in the transport system are the farmers who use their own (household) based means of transport such as human labour, animal carts, bicycles and sometimes motorcycles. (2) An intermediate transport segment - that is from the primary collection points to an intermediate traders market (in the case of onions, potatoes and bananas) or a cooling point (for French Beans). Key actors in this segment are the better of farmers (also doubling up as traders) wholesaling companies and transporters. (3) Transport to terminal delivery through main arterial road networks for national and international markets). Key actors here are transporters and traders. Each of the above transport segments has distinct challenges and associated transport costs. From the point of view of AFCAP's focus on rural access, the downstream transport segment – between the small holder farm and the first commercial interface (collection point, or primary market) is of particular interest. We refer to this transport segment as the First Mile. The study provides: An analysis of the transport costs of the First mile An analysis of the various means of transport used in the 1st mile, their payloads and transport costs (per ton/km) Gender division of transport labour. Average distances covered in the 1st mile The condition of infrastructure in 1st mile | ||
| Developments in the Provision of Rural Access in Zambia | Road Development Agency (RDA), Zambia | Mwape, E | 2014 | Presentation: 1. Introduction 2. Road Network in Zambia 3. RSAWP 2014 4. Major On-going Programmes 5. Research and Development 6. Future Outlook 7. Conclusion | ||
| Emerging Transport Research Centres in Africa | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Leta, N. | 2014 | Key Strategic Issues: KSI 1 – Building Research Credibility KSI 2 – Sustainable Funding KSI 3 –Human Capacity Development KSI 4 –Staff Retention KSI 5 – Coordination of the National Road Research effort | ||
| Overview of AFCAP | and a Vision for the Future | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Leta, N. | 2014 | What is AFCAP? Knowledge and research programme for the rural transport sector in Africa. • June 2008 to 2014 • Core countries: Mozambique, Ethiopia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, South Sudan, DRC. • Also projects in SA, Zambia, Ghana, Nigeria and SADC. • Crown Agents management contract. • DFID budget £14.4 million (low cost high impact). • AFCAP 2 approved by DFID, includes also ASCAP. Budget £24.2 million, 2014 - 2020 | |
| Workshop on a Sustainable Approach to Infrastructure Planning and Delivery and National Drainage Policy in Ethiopia | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Ewunetu, M. | 2014 | The main objective of this workshop was to bring together all stakeholders, professional bodies, policy makers, academic institutes, international and local consultants, to share ideas and to review current road drainage design and construction practices with respect to rural roads in Ethiopia. The aim was to formulate a national policy document together with guidance which will map out the various stages of rural road drainage project delivery. It is proposed that any road drainage project proposals taken forward will be assessed on social, environmental and economic grounds. The workshop has also discussed the establishment of stakeholder forum and the criteria and environment within which they will operate. This is likely to lead to the formation of a unified road drainage planning policy regulatory body with regional bodies to deal with specific local issues. This workshop has presented an excellent opportunity to meet policy makers and experts in road drainage design, construction, operation and maintenance. | ||
| June 2014 Progress Report | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. | 2014 | Projects Progress in Kenya, South Sudan, DR Congo, Mozambique, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi. Manuals, Research Projects, Trials Knowledge Dissemination and Uptake | ||
| Rural Transport Services | DevTech, City University, London | Dennis, R. | 2014 | Introduction The presentation first discusses some of the general issues regarding rural transport services and then describes a case study on a rural emergency transport service carried out within the AFCAP programme in Zambia. Proposals for the future It is considered that studies are needed to investigate how the critical RTS linking villages with markets, health services and other resource centres can be introduced on a profitable and sustainable basis. These should include the possibility of introducing more appropriate transport service vehicles which aid profitability, for example, motorcycle-based vehicles such as that shown. | ||
| Newsletters on Project Impact | Roughton International | 2014 | Topics: Increasing Access to Healthcare Getting Farmers to Market Helping local businesses Helping Businesses in Tanzania Enhancing Transport in Tanzania How AFCAP is helping pregnant women in Tanzania access health facilities | |||
| Conference Report for AFCAP and DFID | 1st International Conference on Women and Road Safety | Amend | Witte, J. | 2014 | As noted in the conference guide (attached as Annex 1), due to road and vehicular usage patterns, the number of men killed and injured in road crashes worldwide is approximately three times the number of women killed and injured. Still, with over 1.2 million people killed on the roads and 50 million injured every year, the number of deaths and injuries to women is enormous. Further, in many parts of the world, men remain the primary wage earners, therefore death or disability to a man can often impose tremendous burdens on a household's women as they struggle with diminished financial resources. As one attendee noted during a comment to a panel, “there are over 8 million women raising children in India without a husband because of road crashes.” | |
| Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique | Capacity Building and Skills Development Plan | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Verhaeghe, B.;Antunes, M.;Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | Report Summary The Mozambican Roads Administration (ANE) has embarked on a project to establish a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Mozambique aiming to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity to undertake relevant, high quality research relating to the road sector of Mozambique. This project forms part of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP), which is a research programme supported by the Department of International Development (DFID) of the Government of the United Kingdom and managed by Crown Agents Ltd on behalf of DFID. CSIR, in association with LNEC, has been commissioned by Crown Agents to provide Technical Assistance for phase 2A of the project, which aims to address institutional issues relating to the RRC, draft a strategic research plan and develop a 5-year business plan for the RRC. This document presents a draft capacity building and skills development plan in support of the 5-year business plan of the RRC. It addresses the establishment of a Research Career Ladder and performance management; short and medium term staff requirements for the RRC; career development plans; staff induction; mentorship; formal studies, and informal training. The plan is expected to evolve over time in line with the shifting views and expectations of ANE and the realities associated with the physical establishment of the RRC. The draft plan has been reviewed by the Directorate Administration and Finances (DIAFI) of ANE. | |
| Responding to the challenges of health access for people with reduced mobility in sub-Saharan Africa | Report of a dissemination workshop convened by HelpAge International | HelpAge | Tewodros, A. | 2014 | The research study carried out in 2012: Learning with older people about their transport and mobility problems in rural Tanzania: focus on improving access to health services and livelihoods”, highlighted poor transport due to road infrastructure, lack of public transport and inability of older people to meet the cost of transport as major hurdles for many older people in the 10 study settlements of rural Kibaha district, who struggle to meet particularly their daily domestic water and fuel needs, but also for their access to health services and improved livelihoods. The study had a number of key findings: The lives of many older people and their mobility patterns in the study settlements were found to be intimately bound up with those of other adults and children. In some cases older people have to care for and in large part support young grandchildren. There was a symbiotic relationship in a difficult context, in part due to the need for young adults, the parents, to migrate to the city for work, plus high incidence of HIV and AIDS; this inter-generational relationship in large part probably benefited all concerned. The rapid spread of motorcycle taxi services was found to have brought about a transport revolution over the last few years, particularly in off-road settlements (and especially where they operate in conjunction with mobile phones, also a recent innovation, but used widely even by older people). In the absence of alternative forms of transport, motorcycle-taxis (known locally as “boda-boda”) have brought improved mobility and connection – at least in emergency contexts – even for very old people, despite the high fares. However, many older people find travel by boda-boda a dangerous and frightening experience. Over 70% of all injuries suffered on rural roads involve a motorcycle. | |
| Learning with older people about their transport and mobility problems: | improving access to health services and livelihoods | HelpAge | Tewodros, A. | 2014 | Background: Transport services study focused on older people • Older people commonly face mobility-related social exclusion • Older people are a rarely-researched group in transport studies • Our key aim = to explore transport constraints impacting on access to health and other services important to older men and women • Importance of obtaining data disaggregated by location, gender, age, household composition etc. • 10 village study, Kibaha district | |
| The Failure of Rural Transport Planning and Policy to Support Women's Entrepreneurship | Plymouth University;Pan-Atlantic University;Integrated Transport Planning | 2014 | Report Summary This report explores the failure of rural transport planning and policy to support women entrepreneurs in rural Nigeria. It was undertaken by Plymouth University in conjunction with Pan-Atlantic University and Integrated Transport Planning Ltd. The report comprises of a number of chapters. Chapter 2 begins with a literature review which is used to set the scene in terms of the context within Nigeria and specific issues relating to rural transport, gender and women entrepreneurs. Chapter 3 provides a brief overview of the methodology that was used for this work, before chapter 4 summarises the survey of Nigerian women entrepreneurs that formed the first part of the original research and reports the findings from some more in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of the survey respondents. Next chapter 5 provides a discussion of the results before chapter 6 presents the conclusions to the research, and chapter 7 makes some recommendations. Overall the research identified that transport planning and policy is failing to support Nigerian women entrepreneurs (and others) due to poor roads, a lack of transport availability, high costs, unreliable and infrequent services, long journey times and security issues. Further, women are more keenly affected by some of these issues because of a range of additional gender, cultural and religious reasons. Action is needed to improve the transport system and ensure it takes account of the unique needs of women, and supports them in their business endeavours. | |||
| Establishment of a Road Research Centre in Mozambique | Road Research Strategic Plan | Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil | Mgangira, M.;Verhaeghe, B.;Paige-Green, P.;Antunes, M. | 2014 | The Mozambican Roads Administration (ANE) has embarked on a project to establish a Road Research Centre (RRC) in Mozambique aiming to provide the basis for improving the long-term capacity to undertake relevant, high quality research relating to the road sector of Mozambique. This project forms part of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP), which is a research programme supported by the Department of International Development (DFID) of the Government of the United Kingdom and managed by Crown Agents Ltd on behalf of DFID. The CSIR, in association with LNEC, has been commissioned by Crown Agents to provide Technical Assistance for Phase 2A of the project, which aims to address institutional issues relating to the RRC, draft a road research strategic plan and develop a 5-year business plan for the RRC. This document presents the Road Research Strategic Plan, which addresses future research needs identified by the main stakeholders of the future RRC and provides direction for the implementation of the research agenda of the RRC. The Road Research Strategic Plan is based on the analysis of the responses from stakeholders in the road sector to a questionnaire on research needs and the prioritisation thereof by the Road Research Technical Committee (RRTC) at their first meeting which was held on 29 January 2014, and the translation of these prioritised research needs into research proposals addressing the problems to be addressed, the projects' objectives, benefits, research methodologies, deliverables, implementation actions and project plans (timelines and resources required). The first version of this document has been reviewed by the RRTC at their second meeting held on 18 March 2014. This final draft of the Road Research Strategic Plan incorporates the feedback and recommendations of the RRTC. | |
| Seminar to Update the Uganda Government, National Roads Authority and other stakeholders | on the outputs of the Africa Community Access Programme | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. | 2014 | Report Summary A large proportion of the Uganda road network is unpaved. With growing traffic levels there is need to consider sustainable low cost sealing technology. AFCAP management was invited by the Uganda Government to share AFCAP research findings on design standards for pavements and surfacings for low volume sealed roads. This was achieved through a one-day meeting held in Kampala on 19th March 2014 and hosted by the Ministry of Works and Transport. The objective of the seminar was to share key findings of AFCAP research with road sector agencies and other stakeholders in Uganda. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr Sion Haworth, Technical Assistant to the Uganda MOWT, and Lydia Babinaga, Manager of Crown Agents Uganda, to the successful organisation of the seminar. | |
| Regional Seminar to update Stakeholders in West Africa | on the outputs of the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. | 2014 | Report Summary The Government of Ghana has a vision to establish a research facility for the west Africa region that will support the rural transport sector. To this end the Ghana Department of Feeder Roads hosted a regional seminar in Accra on 29th May 2014. The purpose of the seminar was to facilitate sharing of findings research carried out under the Africa Community Access Programme, and progress with the development of transport research facilities elsewhere in Africa. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the contribution of Director of the DFR, Eng John Asiedu, and his staff towards to the successful organisation of the seminar, and to those delegates that travelled from outside Accra, including from the neighbouring states of Nigeria, Benin, Liberia and Sierra Leone. | |
| Benchmarking of Road Asset Management in SADC Region | Workshop Report April 2014 | ASANRA | 2014 | RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations were made at the end of the workshop; i. Members top management should demonstrate commitment with respect to asset management by; a. Ensuring that an asset management policy that is aligned to ISO 55000 and compatible organisational objectives is established, b. Ensuring that integration of the asset management system requirements into the organisation's business processes, c. Ensuring that the resources (financial, software, people, equipment, training) for the asset management system are available, d. Promoting cross cutting collaboration within the organisation. ii. Member top management to ensure that asset management related risks are considered in the organisation's management approach including contingency planning, iii. Members to perform self assessment on annual basis and submit to ASANRA Secretariat by end of November each year, iv. Another asset management peer review process to be performed in 2017 to review progress made, v. Road Fund Agency representatives to be permanent members of the Road Network Management and Financing Committee of ASANRA, vi. Investigate the impact of super single tires on regional road networks and recommend policies. | ||
| Review of Specifications for the Use of Laterite in Road Pavements | InfraAfrica (Pty) Ltd; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) | Pinard, M. I.;Netterberg, F.;Paige-Green, P. | 2014 | Conclusions There is irrefutable evidence that lateritic materials that do not comply with standard specifications can perform particularly well when used in road construction, even as base course. In order to construct cost-effective roads, particularly those classified as low volume roads, it is essential that maximum use is made of these local materials. This will require a standardized method for their testing and the development of appropriate specifications for their selection. Extensive research on lateritic materials has been carried out in a number of countries and the science of their use is fairly well advanced. However, it is necessary to assess the test and specification limits that are currently being applied internationally and optimize these for use in sub-Saharan Africa. Brazil, for instance, has a wide range of innovative and appropriate tests but even these are not used nationally, with only local (regional) use apparently being made. Based on the literature, it is recommended that the Brazilian methods would probably be the first approach but many of these would need to be translated and calibrated for wider use. It is interesting to note that the need for a high degree of compaction is considered essential by most practitioners. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to have a well graded aggregate and the normal Fuller type particle size distributions are proposed in most specifications. This tends to go against the need to simplify the specifications and material testing. . Grading, of course also affects the compactability and surface finish of the layer. The use of in situ strength instead of the wide range of other material requirements certainly simplifies the material selection and specification process. | ||
| Speech by the Hon. Minister of Roads and Highways on the occasion of the AFCAP regional seminar | Government of Ghana | Hon. Minister of Roads and Highways | 2014 | I am grateful for the honour to welcome you all to the opening session for the regional seminar to disseminate information on research findings in rural transport delivery. May I specifically extend a warm welcome to delegates visiting Ghana for the first time? I also wish to express my appreciation to DFID, AFCAP and Crown Agents for the opportunity given to Ghana to host this important International Seminar. | ||
| doc | Dissemination of Knowledge Products on Planning & Prioritization of Rural Transport Interventions | and Monitoring & Evaluation of Impacts of Rural Transport Improvements | Sub-Saharn Africa Transport Policy Programme (SSATP) | 2014 | 2. One of the core mandates of the Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP) has been to promote and facilitate the adoption of good policies and practices for Rural Transport (RT) by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In an endeavor to strengthen the knowledge on rural transport SSATP commissioned an assignment in 2012 that sought to (i) identify gaps and their nature in the current knowledge products and practice, (ii) propose ways for filling the gaps, and (iii) strategy for dissemination. Four key gap areas were identified, with two of them interrelated, which are the (i) Planning and prioritization tools for RT interventions taking into account infrastructure, transport services, the link with other key sectors like agriculture, health, education, and employment creation; and (ii) Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) tools, including relevant indicators and instruments for measuring performance and impact of RT contribution to rural growth and poverty reduction. | |
| Innovations in the Design of Low Volume Roads | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | To share experiences with practitioners in West Africa of research-based innovations in LVR technology that may offer significant benefits in their quest to provide such roads in a sustainable and more cost-effective manner than hitherto: - Background - Definition and Characteristics of LVRs - Traditional Approaches to Provision of LVRs - New Approaches and Innovations in Provision of LVRs - Summary and Way Forward | ||
| Manual of Work Norms and Specifications for Roads in Mozambique | Regional Dissemination Workshops Report | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2014 | This workshop report contains briefs of presentations, discussions and resolutions made on chapters and the different Series in the Normas and sections of the draft Planning and Design Manual. Presentations were made on each of the Series in the Work Norms Manual including Preliminaries and General, Drainage, Earthworks, Surfacings, Structures, Quality Control, and Maintenance. The main sections of the Draft Manual were also presented and they included Planning, Drainage Design, Geometric Design, Pavement Design and Design of Surfacings. There were a lot of lively and open discussions and contributions. The presentations also included issues of concern or challenges some of which have a bearing on the drafting of the manual. The report also has a column on resolutions and agreements made during the workshops including the changes that should made to the draft manuals. | |
| Interdisciplinary Investigation into the Linkages between Transport, the Environment, Climate Change, Hydrology, Agiculture | and Food Security in the rural Letaba District, Limpopo Province, South Africa | LaneVisser, T.;Vanderschuren, M.;DeClerq, W. | 2014 | This report chronicles an interdisciplinary investigation to determine the linkages between transportation, the environment, climate change, hydrology, agriculture and food security. The report starts with an overview of the study purpose and approach. This is followed by a detailed description of the Letaba district, a rural district in South Africa which forms the study area in this research. Specific attention is paid to the state of transportation in the area, as well as proposed economic developments. Next, the link between climate change and transportation is investigated, followed by a similar investigation into the linkages between transportation and the environment (including links to hydrology, agricultural potential and food security). A scenario based transport impact assessment is done for the study area. Based on the results from this assessment, certain generalised findings are concluded. The most notable finding is confirmation of the notion that, whilst proposed regional developments might be beneficial economically or socially, they could unwittingly trigger a number of negative environmental impacts. It is also found that an environmental impact assessment should not simply stop at the direct environmental impacts, but should consider the indirect and compound impacts of a proposed development as well. Disregard of indirect impacts can grossly underestimate the full impact of a proposed development. The study concludes that transportation, the environment, climate change and a region's hydrology, its agricultural productivity and food security all form an interrelated system that needs to be balanced in order to achieve true sustainability. | ||
| Promoting Sustainable Rural Access and Developing a Risk Based Vulnerability Assessment | for Rural Communities in the Changing Climate of Sub Saharan Africa-Final Report | Hearn Geoserve Ltd. | Hearn, G. | 2014 | This Final Report describes the findings of a short research study undertaken to investigate the relationships between climate variability and projected climate change and the performance of rural roads in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The purpose of the study was to assess what effects these relationships might have on rural community access. The report combines and updates reports previously prepared for this project that contained a literature review and a summary of fieldwork undertaken in Ethiopia. The report also contains a record of a workshop held in Addis Ababa on 7 May 2014 to present and discuss the project findings. | |
| Promoting Sustainable Rural Access and Developing a Risk Based Vulnerability Assessment | for Rural Communities in the Changing Climate of Sub Saharan Africa-Literature Review | Hearn Geoserve Ltd. | Hearn, G. | 2014 | This literature review has been undertaken during the initial phase of a short research study to investigate the relationships between climate variability and projected climate change and the performance of rural roads in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The purpose of the study is to assess what effects these relationships might have on rural community livelihood and is based on the premise that an increase in the intensity of geo-hazards1 brought about by climate change and an increase in climate extremes will adversely affect rural access (Project Inception Report Jan 2014). | |
| Technical Assistance to PMO-RALG to Develop Road Research Capacity in Dodoma | Final Report | Cardno IT Transport; TRL Ltd. | Head, M.;Greening, T.;Rolt, J. | 2014 | AFCAP is providing support to the District Road Research Centre (DRRC) Project in Tanzania and has received a request to purchase various laboratory and testing equipment from the Prime Minister's Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG) Infrastructure Development Unit (IDU), Tanzania. This project is to assist PMO-RALG to achieve its objective of setting up a DRRC in Dodoma and to develop a strategic plan for implementation of its research priorities in accordance with the Draft National Transport Policy (2012). This assignment: - Conducts a needs assessment study, based on the mandate of PMO-RALG in general, and the IDU in particular, for the establishment of road research capacity in Tanzania. The study is carried out in-country and in consultation with the Road Fund Board, the Director of IDU and her team and with other stakeholders. - Prepares a policy framework to guide future road research activities. - Prepares a strategic plan for the identification and implementation of priority research activities under the ambit of PMO-RALG in the short, medium and long term. - Sets out the next steps. | |
| Emerging Transport Research Centres in Africa | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Sampson, L. | 2014 | Research > Knowledge > Decisions Improved knowledge leads to better informed decision Reduced risk and improved VfM - Policy Development - Planning strategies - Material Selection - Design Options - Construction & Maintenance - Transport Service Provision - Safety & Environment Based on appropriate or customised African research and knowledge (especially local knowledge) Not inappropriate, inherited International Practice National Ownership critical | ||
| Rural Transport Course Module Listing for Malawi, Ghana, Tanzania | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2013 | Malawi Transport Course (University of Malawi in Blantyre, in November 2013) Ghana Transport Course (University of Cape Coast in Ghana, in October 2013) Tanzania Rural Transport Course (Pilot exercise in Arusha, Tanzania in April 2013) | ||
| CHANGING LIVES - Helping Local Businesses | Roughton International | Roughton International | 2014 | Imani Ali tells Roughton how the new road has changed his life for the better. | ||
| Introduction to the DCP Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | Purpose and Scope: Provide overview of a new approach to the upgrading of unpaved roads to a paved standard using the DCP-DN design method. Contents: Background DCP Design Principles DCP Design Method Summary and Conclusions | ||
| Transport Services | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Porter, G. | 2014 | Poor provision and maintenance of road infrastructure clearly a major issue BUT roads are not enough Poor transport service availability, unreliability, high fares, safety issues Limited ownership of motorised vehicles; limited access to IMTs Particular difficulties for disadvantaged groups – old, young, infirm, women Particular difficulties of meeting health emergency transport needs Issues often out of sight of central government | ||
| Mozambique RRIP/AFCAP LVRs Research – Key Findings and Outcomes | TRL Ltd. | Mukura, K. | 2014 | 1. ANE initiated the Rural Road Investment Programme (RRIP) supported technically by AFCAP: 2008-2011 followed Phase 4. 2. Innovative designs, construction of and monitoring trial sections and Back Analysis of existing roads. 3. Designs included concrete slabs and stone paving with concrete screed on steep ramps, emulsion treated bases, blended bases, armoured bases, slurry seals, sand seals, penetration macadam, untreated sand bases, amalgamated surfacings, etc. using non-standard materials. > 50km of trial sections built. 4. Designs were carried out by TRL and provincial consultants. 5. Funding: Road Fund, SIDA and DFID through AFCAP funded the projects. | ||
| Safety for motorcycle taxis – AFCAP Research in Tanzania | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Kalolo, S. | 2014 | Presentation: 1 Introduction 2. Road safety awareness 3. Rural roads improvements 4. Surface types piloted 5. Motorcycle crashes on rural roads 6. Preliminary findings 7. Preliminary recommendations | ||
| What is AFCAP? | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | Geddes, R. | 2014 | What is AFCAP? Knowledge and research programme for the rural transport sector in Africa. June 2008 to June 2014. 15 countries directly benefitting. DFID budget £14.4 million (low cost high impact). Crown Agents management contract. AFCAP 2 approved (6 yrs). | ||
| Development in the Provision of Rural Access in Ghana | Department of Feeder Roads Ghana | Aidoo, G | 2014 | Outline of Presentation Introduction Road Network Research and Development Challenges and the Way Forward | ||
| Promoting Sustainable Rural Access and Developing a Risk Based Vulnerability Assessment | for Rural Communities in the Changing Climate of Sub Saharan Africa | Birmingham University, UK | Burrow, M. | 2014 | 1.1 Study objectives The objectives of this component of the study are to build and trial a methodology whose development and use would facilitate a better understanding of the vulnerability of the local communities in SSA in terms of geo-hazard exposure, or risks, to rural access provision The methodology developed provides an initial, first order means for assessing the vulnerability of local communities in relation to rural access provision associated with the impacts of climate on this provision and prioritising the associated risks. It is hoped that future development of the methodology through the ideas discussed here, those presented in the literature, via wider stakeholder participation and through further research may enable the a better understanding of the vulnerability of local communities, and the improvement of both vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning and implementation actions associated with rural access provision for local communities. This report should be read in conjunction with the project's inception report (Hearn and Burrow, 2014), the supporting literature review (Hearn, 2014a) and the report of the fieldwork (Hearn, 2014b). | |
| TRL Rural Transport Services Course Introduction | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2014 | Within the scope of the AFCAP programme, there was an identified need and demand for the development and delivery of a Rural Transport Services research training course in the main countries where AFCAP is operational. In 2013, the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) were commissioned to develop a Rural Transport Services Training Course for East, West and Southern Africa. The following course materials comprise course presentation slides accompanied by notes, hand-outs and exercises in PDF format. The courses contain material on all aspects of Rural Transport Service Provision, including how to conduct transport services research, and each course is tailored to the country and region in which it was held. The second page is comprised of the country-specific elements of the courses, with courses tailored to Tanzania, Ghana and Malawi | ||
| Session 7.5: Trainee Notes | Correlation and Linear Regression | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Content 1. Correlation 2. Linear Regression Learning Objective By the end of this session you will be able to: - Calculate and understand correlation coefficients - Predict linear regression parameters - Use of two types of confidence interval on regression estimates | |
| Session 7.5: Correlation and Linear Regression | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Relationships 2 Correlation coefficients 3 Linear regression 4 Confidence intervals | ||
| Session 7.4: Quantitative Data Distribution | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Measures of location and spread 2 Statistical analysis in Excel 3 The Normal Distribution 4 Checking Normality 5 Point estimates & confidence intervals | ||
| Session 7.4: Trainee Notes | Quantitative Data Distribution | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Overview Summary statistics are used to convey most of the useful information about a large set of numbers (the data) in a simple but sensible fashion. Content 1. Measures of location 2. Measures of dispersion 3. Confidence intervals Learning Objective After completing this session, you will be able to: - Assess appropriate summary statistics for all types of data - Present summary data in a useful and meaningful way | |
| Session 7.3 Presenting Data | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Data aim 2 When to use tables and graphs 3 Principles for tables 4 Principles for graphs 5 What graph for my data? | ||
| Session 7.3: Trainee Notes - Presenting data | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | ‘Graphical excellence demands a blend of statistical rigour and graphical design skills that is unfortunately rare.' (Tufte, 2001) Content 1. Introduction 2. Tables 3. Basics for graphical design 4. Displaying categorical data 5. Displaying numerical data 6. Displaying time series data Learning Objective By the end of this session you will be able to: - Assess the best way to present your data - Choose the best graph for different scenarios and audiences - Present graphics clearly | ||
| Session 7.2: Introduction to Statistics | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 General overview - numbers 2 Statistics 3 Data types 4 Pivot tables in Excel 5 Tables and distribution 6 Histograms in Excel | ||
| Session 7.3: Presenting Data Handout | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Data Presentation: Pie Chart Scatter Plot Box Plot Histogram Line Chart Bar Chart | ||
| Session 7.2: Trainee Notes | Introduction to Statistics | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Data types 2. Tables and distributions 3. Entering and importing/exporting data 4. Pivot tables in Excel 5. Data analysis in Excel Learning Objective After completing this session, you will be able to: Get data in and out of Excel Manipulate data in Excel | |
| Session 7.1: Qualitative Data Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Course sessions 1. Qualitative data analysis 2. Introduction to statistics 3. Presenting data 4. Quantitative data distribution 5. Correlation and linear regression | ||
| Session 7.1: Trainee Notes | Qualitative Data Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Organising qualitative data 2. The framework approach 3. Identifying themes 4. Interpreting trends and patterns 5. Triangulation and validity Learning Objective After completing this session, you will be able to: - Record qualitative data from participatory appraisal exercises, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews in a systematic and meaningful way - Draw out themes and concepts using a framework approach that enables comprehensive analysis of qualitative datasets | |
| Session 6.4: Trainee Notes | Traffic Counts, Origin-Destination Surveys and other Approaches | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Why do we need traffic surveys? 2. Traffic counting 3. Origin-destination surveys 4. Rural transport hubs and spokes model Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Understand why traffic surveys can be important in transport research - Understand the principles of undertaking manual classified traffic counts - Know what an origin-destination survey is and what information it will provide - Be familiar with the rapid assessment of rural transport services methodology involving an appreciation of transport corridors, hubs and spokes - Know about the latest research in developing appropriate rural transport service indicators based on the rapid assessment method using hub and spoke patterns of transport services | |
| Session 6.4: Traffic Counts, Origin-Destination Surveys and Other Approaches | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics Why do we need traffic surveys? Traffic counting Origin-destination surveys Rural transport hubs and spokes | ||
| Session 6.2 Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Things to consider 2 Sampling 3 Sample size 4 Data Sources 5 Data collection 6 Questionnaire Design 7 Weighting the sample | ||
| Session 6.2: Trainee Notes | Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Things to consider 2. Sampling 3. Sample size 4. Data sources 5. Data collection 6. Questionnaire Design 7. Weighting the sample Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Understand how to define the research question and hypotheses - Be able to identify a population sample and remove bias from the sample - Know how to undertake data collection by questionnaire survey - Be able to design the following types of survey: o Key informant questionnaire o Household questionnaire o Transport operator questionnaire o Travel diary - Weight the sample to redistribute the population of respondents more appropriately - Understand ethical considerations of undertaking research with human participants | |
| Session 6.2: Questionnaire Survey Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various samples of questionnaire survey: Key Informant Questionnaire Household Questionnaire Transport Operator Questionnaire Travel Diary | ||
| Session 6.1: Trainee Notes | Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Introduction to participatory appraisal 2. Core concepts and principles 3. Semi-structured checklist interviews 4. Observational techniques 5. Diagramming techniques 6. Ranking and scoring techniques 7. Lessons for undertaking participatory appraisal Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Be able to identify and utilise different participatory appraisal techniques - Understand and assess the best circumstances in which to use participatory techniques - Appreciate the role of participatory appraisal techniques in undertaking transport research - Be conversant with the features and benefits of semi-structured checklist interviews and how they can be used to consult with various stakeholder groups and key informants. | |
| Session 6.1 Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Introduction to participatory appraisal 2 Core concepts and principles 3 Transect walk 4 Semi-structured checklist interviews 5 Diagramming techniques 6 Ranking and scoring techniques 7 Lessons for undertaking participatory appraisal | ||
| Session 7.1: Notes | Traffic Counts, Origin-Destination Surveys and other Approaches | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Why do we need traffic surveys? 2. Traffic counting 3. Origin-destination surveys 4. Rural transport hubs and spokes model Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: - Understand why traffic surveys can be important in transport research - Understand the principles of undertaking manual classified traffic counts - Know what an origin-destination survey is and what information it will provide - Be familiar with the rapid assessment of rural transport services methodology involving an appreciation of transport corridors, hubs and spokes - Know about the latest research in developing appropriate rural transport service indicators based on the rapid assessment method using hub and spoke patterns of transport services | |
| Session 6.1: Checklist Interview Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various samples of semi-structured checklist interview: Settlement leaders Health workers Teachers Market traders Transport operators Local residents | ||
| Session 7.3: Notes - Road Safety Issues in Ghana | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Contents 1. Road safety 2. Traffic accidents and road safety Learning Objective This session provides an overview of the global road safety issue, including statistics from Sub-Saharan Africa. | ||
| Session 7.1: Traffic Survey Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various methods used in traffic surveys: Methods for counting rural traffic in developing countries Vehicle classification charts Traffic count forms Origin-Destination forms | ||
| Session 7.2: Notes - Estimation Techniques | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Content 1. Correlation 2. Linear Regression Learning Objective By the end of this session you will be able to: - Calculate and understand correlation coefficients - Predict linear regression parameters - Use of two types of confidence interval on regression estimates | ||
| Session 6.6: Questionnaire Survey Handouts | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | The following hand outs comprise various samples of questionnaire survey: Key Informant Questionnaire Household Questionnaire Transport Operator Questionnaire Travel Diary | ||
| Session 7.4: Communicating Research Findings | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Plenary Discussion 1.What are key issues on rural transport services that have been highlighted from the course? 2.How do we communicate these key issues (and solutions) and to whom? 3.How can we ensure the outcomes of research have maximum impact on poverty reduction? | ||
| Session 6.6: Notes | Data Structure, Exploration and Description | TRL Ltd. | Walter | 2014 | Contents 1. Things to consider 2. Sampling 3. Sample size 4. Data sources 5. Data collection 6. Questionnaire Design 7. Weighting the sample Learning Objective After completing this session, you will: -Understand how to define the research question and hypotheses -Be able to identify a population sample and remove bias from the sample -Know how to undertake data collection by questionnaire survey -Be able to design the following types of survey: o Key informant questionnaire o Household questionnaire o Transport operator questionnaire o Travel diary -Weight the sample to redistribute the population of respondents more appropriately -Understand ethical considerations of undertaking research with human participants | |
| Session 7.3 Road Safety Issues in Ghana | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | ROAD SAFETY AND GOVERNMENT POLICY Road Safety is one of the Leading Causes of Death in Africa and a Major Issue for Governments Not much done to address issue in rural areas compared to urban centres | ||
| Session 7.2: Estimation Techniques | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | Topics 1 Estimation - Introduction 2 Parametric Test – T-test 3 Parametric Test – Analysis of Variance 4 Parametric Test – Regression – Least Squares 5 Parametric Test – Regression – Cat. Dep. Var 6 Non-Parametric Test - Introduction 7 Non-Parametric Test - Chi-Square 8 Non-Parametric Test – Fisher's Exact test 9 Non-Parametric Test – Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test | ||
| Session 6.3: Notes - Qualitative Data Analysis | TRL Ltd. | Walter | 2014 | Contents 1. Organising qualitative data 2. The framework approach 3. Identifying themes 4. Interpreting trends and patterns 5. Triangulation and validity Learning Objective After completing this session, you will be able to: - Record qualitative data from participatory appraisal exercises, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews in a systematic and meaningful way - Draw out themes and concepts using a framework approach that enables comprehensive analysis of qualitative datasets | ||
| Session 6.6: Data Structure, Exploration and Description | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2014 | Topics Data Types and Levels of Measurement Data Structure and Sources Data Exploration and Management | ||
| Session 6.3: Framework Method of Qualitative Data Analysis | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2014 | Topics Organising qualitative data The framework approach Identifying themes Interpreting trends and patterns Triangulation and validity | ||
| Session 6.5: Review of Statistical Methods | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2014 | Topics Prior to Engaging with Statistics General Overview of Statistics Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Data Distribution, Sampling Issues and Sources of Bias Hypothesis Testing | ||
| Session 6.2 Qualitative Research Methods and Participatory Approaches | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2014 | 1. Observation •First entry point into a community is observing the people, resources, indicators of wealth/poverty, daily processes •Useful to carry a notepad and camera to capture observations – use with caution! •Observation involves the eyes and ears but can also involve asking questions •A Transect Walk can be used to capture specific observations | ||
| Session 6.1: Research Methods | TRL Ltd. | TRL Ltd. | 2014 | Why Research? •Undertake discovery to create new knowledge •Review policy issues •Identify the intricacies of a specific problem •Assert the relevance of an existing theory •Communicate effectively | ||
| Innovations in the Design of Low Volume Roads | Africa Community Access Partnership (AfCAP) | Pinard, M. I. | 2014 | To share experiences with practitioners in Zambia of research-based innovations in LVR technology that may offer significant benefits in their quest to provide such roads in a sustainable and more cost-effective manner than hitherto | ||
| Training Notes 6.2 | TRL Ltd. | Bradbury, A. | 2014 | This checklist is primarily aimed at settlement political leaders and traditional leaders, but some elements could be adapted for interviews with government staff in the area, women's group leaders, church leaders, NGO staff, transport union officials, police (especially re road safety, road accident data), farmers, extension workers, etc. It is NOT necessary to stick to a rigid schedule. | ||
| docx | unknown | Dennis, R. A.;Pullen, K. R. | 2014 | Lack of affordable transport is a major constraint on access to emergency healthcare in rural areas of Sub Saharan Africa and one of the main barriers to achieving Milennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in these countries. Conventional ambulances are expensive to acquire and operate and this paper argues that there is a strong case for introducing lower-cost versions. The paper describes the successful trials of a motorcycle-ambulance trailer (MAT) in Zambia and discusses the implications of the findings in regard to setting up an emergency transport service based on low-cost ambulances. | ||
| South African Road Federation Conference | Final Report | Sampson, L. R. | 2014 | This report provides feedback on the experiences of the AFCAP (African Community Access Programme) delegation attending the South African Road Federation (SARF) 5th Regional Conference for Africa, 2014, held in association with the International Road Federation (IRF), at the CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa from 2 to 4 September 2014. The theme of the conference was “Better Roads Moving Africa – Improving capacity and safety for road transport in Africa”. The full feedback reports from the delegates are shown in the respective Appendices with a feedback summary provided in Section 3 of the report. In addition, Appendix 3 provides a record of the outcomes of a Round Table discussion on Road Safety. Comments received at the exhibition stand are also presented along with recommendations for the management of exhibitions stands that may be commissioned by AFCAP at future conference to promote the activities of AFCAP. | ||
| Consultative Meeting of Road Research Report 10-12th September | Sampson, L. R. | 2014 | This report presents the outcomes of an AFCAP meeting held at TRL UK Ltd, from 10 to 12 September 2014. The purpose of the meeting was to provide inputs into the strategic direction of AFCAP 2 as part of the inception phase to be completed at the end of November 2014. The meeting was attended by a cross-section of RRC (Road Research Centre) managers from current AFCAP-member countries; a representative from a potentially new AFCAP-member country; and a representative cross-section of established international road and transport research organisations. | |||
| ASA UK Report September 2014 | Mobile Phones, Mobility and Transport in Sub-Saharan Africa | Durham University, UK | Porter, G. | 2014 | Two panel sessions exploring the growing linkages between travel/transport organisation and mobile phones in Africa were held at the African Studies Association biennial conference at Sussex University in September 2014, organised and chaired by Gina Porter [Durham University] and sponsored by the DFID-funded Africa Community Access Programme. | |
| Steering Committee Meeting Minutes Annex 16-17th October 2014 | AfCAP Steering Committee | 2014 | Presentations presented by the members of the Steering Committee. | |||
| docx | Steering Committee Meeting Minutes | Gary Taylor | 2014 | Minutes taken at the Steering Committee Meeting | ||
| Annex 6 Course Evaluation Forms | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Annex 6 Course Evaluation Forms | |||
| Annex 5 Data analysis and pavement design T357 | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Annex 5 Data analysis and pavement design T357 | |||
| Annex 4 Traffic Count | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Annex 4 Traffic Count | |||
| Annex 3 Field moisture | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Annex 3 Field moisture | |||
| Annex 2 Registration | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Annex 2 Registration | |||
| Annex 1 Training Modules | Crown Agents Ltd., UK | 2014 | Training Modules | |||
| Road Traffic Injury on Rural Roads in Tanzania: A study to determine the causes and circumstances of motorcycle crashes on low volume roads | Final Report, v1.1 | Amend | Bishop, T.;Jinadasa, D. | 2014 | The use of motorcycles is revolutionising rural access in many countries, including Tanzania. This study aimed to increase understanding of the causes and circumstances of motorcycle crashes on low- volume rural roads in Tanzania, through detailed crash investigations, risk assessments, interviews and inspections. Crashes can be attributed to numerous factors, including those related to human behaviour and road design and condition. The report provides practical recommendations for road safety stakeholders to improve the safety of low-volume roads for motorcycle and other users. |